Deck 10: Adolescence: the Social World

Question 1

Temperament is based in environment.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Attachment develops in infancy and then wanes over time.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The difficulty in distinguishing distinct emotions in early infancy is probably the result of brain immaturity.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

An 11-month-old baby is likely to display fear of strangers but no longer display separation anxiety.

Question 5

At age 5, Ilaria still exhibits very strong separation anxiety whenever her mother leaves her anywhere. Ilaria's behavior is evidence of sound emotional health.

Question 6

A securely attached infant is likely to explore an unfamiliar environment when his or her primary caregiver is present.

Question 7

Abuse has few long-term consequences for a child's emotional development.

Question 8

Fearful babies invariably grow into fearful adults, as destined by their genes.

Question 9

Self-recognition, as revealed by the mirror test, usually emerges at about 18 months.

Question 10

Around age 1, an emerging sense of "me" and "mine" leads to a new consciousness of others.

Question 11

Infants demonstrate attachment with proximity-seeking and contact-maintaining behaviors.

Question 12

Colic is likely the result of immature digestion in infants.

Question 13

Baby Roland wants his bottle, but he can't reach it. He gets angry, his face turns red, and he yells loudly. His anger is a healthy response to his frustration.

Question 14

When a father makes a silly face and his infant widens her eyes in surprise, there is evidence of synchrony.

Question 15

Infants of depressed mothers are still better off staying home with their mothers than being sent to other caregiving situations.

Question 16

The social smile in response to another person begins to appear at about 3 weeks of age.

Question 17

Parents in North America are more likely to encourage their children to feel modesty and shame than parents in Asia.

Question 18

Social interactions are the only foundations for emotional growth.

Question 19

The Strange Situation is a classic laboratory procedure used to measure attachment.

Question 20

Infants as young as 6 months of age seem capable of expressing anger.

Question 21

Lin is a 3-month-old infant. Which of the following is he likely to have just recently begun displaying?

A) social smile
B) laughter
C) sadness
D) fear

Question 22

Mothers are better than fathers at reading their infants' emotions and responding with synchrony.

Question 23

Studies show that there are significant differences between mother-child play and father-child play with infants under 12 months of age.

Question 24

Genji participated in a research study when he was an infant, during which the researcher restrained his arms for two minutes. Which emotion did Genji likely experience?

A) sadness
B) fear
C) anger
D) shame

Question 25

According to cognitive theorists, beliefs and thoughts determine one's perspective on the world.

Question 26

An infant's anger is usually triggered by _____.

A) sadness
B) fear
C) frustration
D) shame

Question 27

Social learning is achieved by observing others.

Question 28

Eddie was a securely attached infant. As a preschooler, his living situation changed, so his attachment has loosened. This makes sense because attachment status can change over time.

Question 29

Vivian is less than a day old. Which of the following emotions is already apparent?

A) social smile
B) pain
C) embarrassed crying
D) fear of strangers

Question 30

It has been shown that babies are often unaffected by and immune to parental stress.

Question 31

Madison's mother warmly greeted an old friend in the grocery store. After observing her mother, Madison smiled, too. Madison engaged in social referencing to guide her own reaction to her mother's friend.

Question 32

Which behavior develops around 6 weeks of age?

A) anger
B) laughter
C) fear of unexpected sounds
D) the social smile

Question 33

In-home day care is always preferable to out-of-home day care.

Question 34

Like Freud, Erikson argued that problems and conflicts that arise in early childhood could adversely affect one's adult personality.

Question 35

Maxwell has recently begun to display the emotion of anger. How old is Maxwell likely to be?

A) 6 weeks
B) 2 months
C) 6 months
D) 10 months

Question 36

Usually, stranger wariness is first noticeable at _____ months.

A) 3
B) 4
C) 9
D) 12

Question 37

When a baby acts upset because a caregiver is about to leave, the baby is exhibiting _____.

A) general anxiety
B) separation anxiety
C) solitary fear
D) fear of isolation

Question 38

According to Freud, preventing sucking or weaning too early during infancy may have lasting effects on later personality development.

Question 39

At 6 weeks of age, baby Jessica's newest emotional reaction is MOST likely to be _____.

A) fear of strangers
B) a wide-eyed look of surprise
C) a social smile
D) a squeal of delight at her favorite toy

Question 40

An insecure attachment in infancy means that the child is destined for lifelong problems with relationships.

Question 41

Researchers placed a dot of rouge on babies' noses and then had them look into a mirror. On average, at what age did most babies touch their own noses when they saw their reflection?

A) 3 months
B) 6 months
C) 9 months
D) 18 months

Question 42

Synchrony depends on _____.

A) attention span
B) stable mood
C) responsiveness and timing
D) breast-feeding

Question 43

If we place a dot of rouge on a 20-month-old girl's nose and stand the child in front of a mirror, she may then touch her own nose. This indicates that the child has some _____.

A) dynamic perception
B) perceptual constancy
C) social referencing
D) self-awareness

Question 44

Experience produces connections between _____ and emotions.

A) self-recognition
B) self-control
C) neurons
D) allocare

Question 45

Emotional reactions, especially those connected to self-awareness, depend in part on _____.

A) self-recognition
B) self-control
C) memory
D) embarrassment

Question 46

The coordinated interaction between caregiver and infant is called _____.

A) psychosocialization
B) synchrony
C) symbiosis
D) interplay

Question 47

Which characteristics must be present before an infant can experience pride, shame, or guilt?

A) social awareness
B) social skills
C) stranger anxiety
D) embarrassment

Question 48

Which statement is correct?

A) The social smile in response to another person first appears at about 12 weeks old.
B) Very young infants seem incapable of expressing distress and contentment.
C) A 5-month-old baby is likely to display fear of strangers and separation anxiety.
D) An 11-month-old girl may show anxiety when her mother goes into another room.

Question 49

Four-month-old Sylvia and 13-month-old Lizzy are left with a babysitter. How will they react?

A) Sylvia will be more upset than Lizzy.
B) Lizzy will probably show more distress than Sylvia.
C) Both Sylvia and Lizzy will be experiencing separation anxiety.
D) Neither girl is likely to show distress.

Question 50

Research has found that a person's temperament is _____.

A) highly variable from one country to the next
B) determined almost entirely by parenting
C) linked to biological patterns that appear in infancy
D) created during early social interactions

Question 51

Which emotion seems to depend on the development of social awareness?

A) fear of strangers
B) anger
C) pride
D) curiosity

Question 52

George's Dad comes home from grocery shopping, sees George sitting on the sofa, and says, "Where's that boy of mine?" George gives his Dad a wide smile, and his Dad responds with an exaggerated surprised look. This is an example of _____.

A) psychosocialization
B) symbiosis
C) polarization
D) synchrony

Question 53

With social awareness comes several new emotions, including _____.

A) joy, distress, fear, and anger
B) pride, shame, embarrassment, and guilt
C) joy, fear, shame, and guilt
D) pride, shame, joy, and anger

Question 54

An infant's distress at seeing an unfamiliar person is called _____.

A) stranger wariness
B) extrafamilial fear
C) fear of the unknown
D) separation anxiety

Question 55

Which of the following emotions is the last to develop in an infant?

A) fear of strangers
B) anger
C) pride
D) curiosity

Question 56

The emotions of shame, pride, and embarrassment require that a child first _____.

A) develop long-term memory skills
B) develop language to express those emotions
C) gain an awareness of other people
D) have experienced punishment

Question 57

When baby Lia met her uncle's big dog for the first time, she cried and tried to move away from the dog. Lia is most likely _____.

A) a newborn
B) 3 months old
C) 6 months old
D) 9 months old

Question 58

Malcolm is a 2-year-old boy who loves his "lellow-lee" (yellow blanket) and won't take a nap without it. Malcolm's yellow blanket would be considered a(n) _____.

A) sign of separation anxiety
B) transitional object
C) imaginary friend
D) indication of attachment problems

Question 59

Which statement about emotional development in toddlers is true?

A) Toddlers will universally feel proud of themselves.
B) Emotions such as pride and humility depend on cultural values.
C) Toddlers are naturally humble.
D) Toddlers are no longer distressed when separated from their parents.

Question 60

The crucial aspect of synchrony is _____.

A) infants observing adults
B) infants imitating adults
C) mutual interaction
D) unilateral imitation

Question 61

Proximity-seeking and contact-maintaining behaviors are displays of _____.

A) love
B) fear
C) attachment
D) friendliness

Question 62

Dr. Berkowitz is doing research using the Strange Situation in order to measure a child's _____.

A) fear
B) love
C) attachment
D) depth perception

Question 63

A toddler with secure attachment _____.

A) is willing to explore
B) is self-centered
C) clings to his mother
D) wants to talk a lot

Question 64

Jerome clings to his Mother and refuses to leave her lap. Jerome is exhibiting _____ attachment behavior.

A) insecure-avoidant
B) insecure-resistant/ambivalent
C) secure
D) disoriented

Question 65

Which psychologist developed the Strange Situation test?

A) Erikson
B) Freud
C) Skinner
D) Ainsworth

Question 66

Lawrence is playing with his infant daughter Rosalie. He responds to Rosalie's facial expressions by mimicking and exaggerating the same expressions. All of a sudden, Lawrence stops showing any emotion. How is Rosalie likely to respond?

A) Rosalie will probably frown, fuss, drool, or look away from her father.
B) Rosalie will be glad for the break and will probably fall asleep.
C) Rosalie will exaggerate her father's facial expression.
D) Rosalie will smile and coo even more to try to get her father to respond.

Question 67

Which scenario portrays a secure attachment?

A) a child being willing to explore a new environment in the presence of the caregiver
B) a child refusing to let other children play with his toys
C) a child clinging to her mother in a new environment
D) a child mimicking his mother's expressions in a familiar environment

Question 68

In the Strange Situation, a sign of secure attachment is _____.

A) smiling at his mother when she returns to the room
B) crying and not being comforted when his mother comes back
C) ignoring his mother when she returns to the room
D) being reluctant to leave his mother to play with new toys

Question 69

The Strange Situation measures how a child _____.

A) responds to a stranger
B) plays with a parent
C) responds to separations and reunions with a caregiver
D) plays with toys he or she has never seen before

Question 70

Jessica does not notice when her Father leaves the day care center and ignores him when he returns. Jessica's behavior is characteristic of _____ attachment.

A) insecure-avoidant
B) insecure-resistant/ambivalent
C) secure
D) disorganized

Question 71

Attachment in infants is definitely evident by the age of _____.

A) 6 months
B) 8 months
C) 10 months
D) 1 year

Question 72

Baby Abby's Father is holding her. She is smiling at him one minute and then, unexpectedly, she slaps his face. Because this is typical behavior for her, she may have which type of attachment?

A) insecure-avoidant
B) disorganized
C) secure-detached
D) insecure-resistant/ambivalent

Question 73

Based on research, attachment appears to be _____.

A) based on cognitive theory
B) achieved only by adults
C) universal
D) only in Western cultures

Question 74

Andrew and Laura want to enhance their synchrony with their 6-month-old son. They can best do this by _____.

A) imitating his vocal and facial expressions
B) watching him imitate their mouth movements and smiles
C) listening to his vocalizations
D) including him in their conversations

Question 75

Nine-month-old Taran explores new environments when his Mother is present but shows distress when she leaves the room. Taran's behavior illustrates a(n) _____ attachment.

A) secure
B) insecure-resistant/ambivalent
C) insecure-avoidant
D) disorganized

Question 76

A child with secure attachment is one who _____.

A) ignores the caregiver while sitting in a corner
B) expresses fear at the sight of the caregiver
C) makes contact with the caregiver after the caregiver reenters the room
D) refuses to let go of the caregiver when the caregiver attempts to place the child on the floor

Question 77

In the Strange Situation, a sign of insecure attachment might be _____.

A) smiling at her mother when she returns to the room
B) crying and being unable to be comforted when her mother returns
C) seeking contact with her mother when reunited
D) playing happily as long as her mother is present

Question 78

The lasting emotional bond that an infant forms with a caregiver is called _____.

A) pair-bonding
B) attachment
C) unionization
D) synchrony

Question 79

In research on synchrony, mothers were instructed to interact with their infants by copying their facial expressions, and then on cue to show no emotional reaction at all. This procedure is called the _____.

A) facial mimicking technique
B) emotional expression technique
C) still-face technique
D) social response technique

Question 80

A sign of secure attachment is when a child _____.

A) refuses to let go of the caregiver's arm
B) plays aimlessly without interacting with the caregiver
C) shows extreme fear and anger
D) maintains contact with the caregiver while exploring