Deck 7: Middle Childhood: Body and Mind

Question 1

The impulse toward compulsive hoarding tends to decrease with age.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Only 25 percent of adults over the age of 65 are grandparents.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

ADLs include such things as eating, bathing, dressing, and moving from a bed to a chair.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The theory that older people prioritize regulation of their own emotions and seek familiar social contacts who reinforce generativity, pride, and joy is called socio-emotional selectivity theory.

Question 5

Older couples that are happy together are likely to say they no longer disagree about things.

Question 6

Adult children who care for their elderly parents out of a sense of obligation demonstrate filial responsibility.

Question 7

The elderly are less likely than younger generations to attend religious services, but their faith and praying increase.

Question 8

Retirement is most often a traumatic event in the life of an older person.

Question 9

SES impacts one's health and options throughout the life span.

Question 10

Older adults who want to remain in their homes as they age are expressing a desire to age in place.

Question 11

According to disengagement theory, aging leads to increasing options for relationships and activities.

Question 12

An older person's use of selective optimization with compensation is a sign that he or she is near death.

Question 13

Volunteer work is a form of exploitation of the elderly.

Question 14

Erik Erikson developed one of the most comprehensive self theories.

Question 15

The tendency for older adults to perceive, prefer, and remember positive images and experiences more than negative ones is the positivity effect.

Question 16

The elderly are more political than any other age group on all measures of and in all categories related to political interest.

Question 17

Stratification theories maintain that social forces promote individual choice.

Question 18

An individual's worldview tends to turn more cynical and negative with age.

Question 19

The quality of older peoples' friendships tends to decline as they experience losses.

Question 20

Although once the norm in America, beanpole families are now rare.

Question 21

In older adults, a positive world view _____.

A) correlates with less well-being
B) correlates with believing that life is meaningful
C) is associated with increased family conflict
D) is associated with increased responsiveness to regretful events

Question 22

According to Erikson, integrity versus despair is the focus of _____.

A) adolescence
B) early adulthood
C) middle adulthood
D) late adulthood

Question 23

Age, gender, ethnicity, and income are the four major forms of _____; as such, they can limit choice at every stage of life.

A) cognitive development
B) socioeconomic status
C) self theories
D) stratification

Question 24

Theories that describe the ways in which societies place people on a particular life path are called _____.

A) self theories
B) stratification theories
C) continuity theories
D) activity theories

Question 25

The ability to perform IADLs is as critical for self-sufficiency as ADL ability is, and may often precede problems with ADL ability.

Question 26

Gertrude has accumulated such large piles of old papers and magazines that she can no longer use her table or desk, and she has held on to so much old furniture and clothing that many rooms in her home cannot be entered. In her attempts to hang on to various material items from her life, Gertrude developed _____.

A) a positivity effect
B) a good strategy for aging in place
C) universal design
D) compulsive hoarding

Question 27

The medical establishment is largely responsible for preventing frailty among the old.

Question 28

Erikson called the final crisis of development _____.

A) optimization versus compensation
B) generativity versus stagnation
C) integrity versus despair
D) activity versus disengagement

Question 29

Rose has made some mistakes throughout her life, but overall she looks back on her life with pride. Rose is in Erikson's stage of _____.

A) generativity versus stagnation
B) optimization versus compensation
C) activity versus disengagement
D) integrity versus despair

Question 30

_____ theories claim that social forces limit individual choice and direct life, especially in late adulthood.

A) Dynamic
B) Self
C) Stratification
D) Stage

Question 31

As he ages, a professional musician begins to limit his repertoire, to practice more before concerts, and to change the way he sits when he plays. He is _____.

A) giving in to the despair of the last stage of the life cycle
B) using selective optimization with compensation
C) becoming less ambitious and creative
D) showing the early signs of Alzheimer's disease

Question 32

The caregiver of a frail elderly person is usually a spouse when the couple still lives together.

Question 33

Outright abuse is now rare in U.S. nursing homes, at least in part because of mandatory inspections.

Question 34

Which of the following statements about socio-emotional selectivity theory is TRUE?

A) Older people prioritize regulation of their own emotions and seek familiar social contacts.
B) Older adults who use it have poor self-efficacy.
C) It was first emphasized by Freud and Erikson.
D) It assumes that older adults must find new hobbies given their increasing challenges.

Question 35

Assisted living is the term used to describe when an elder moves into a younger relative's home.

Question 36

In one study, the researchers found that the brains, bodies, and behaviors of adults diagnosed with _____ were more like those of younger adults.

A) the positivity effect
B) compulsive hoarding
C) late-life depression
D) disengagement

Question 37

Susan's grandmother, at age 80, is engaged in the personal journey of connecting her life with the historical and cultural purpose of human society. The grandmother is in which of Erikson's psychosocial stages?

A) identity versus role confusion
B) industry versus inferiority
C) generativity versus stagnation
D) integrity versus despair

Question 38

Self theories emphasize _____.

A) social forces
B) levels of discrimination
C) perceptions of self
D) circumscribed opportunities

Question 39

A caregiver who uses restraints and overmedication when taking care of an elderly person is omitting elder abuse.

Question 40

Today in the United States, public agencies rarely provide support or assistance to caregivers unless an emergency situation arises.

Question 41

Gender-stratification theory recognizes that men and women are pushed into certain roles because of their sex, roles that may ultimately _____.

A) limit independence
B) harm others around them
C) keep society intact
D) make them better spouses

Question 42

The most controversial version of social stratification theory is _____, in part because it can be used to justify ageism and social isolation.

A) compensation
B) disengagement
C) optimization
D) activity

Question 43

Typically, who does more housework after retirement than before?

A) men
B) women
C) hired caregivers
D) both men and women

Question 44

Victor has retired from his career as a city administrator, disengaging from his work life. In a case like this, disengagement in one area of life _____.

A) means that Victor will certainly disengage from all other areas of life, too
B) does not necessarily mean that Victor will disengage from other areas of life
C) proves that disengagement theory is more accurate than activity theory
D) is the start of Victor's decline

Question 45

_____ percent of adults over the age of 65 volunteer.

A) 50
B) 23
C) 74
D) 33

Question 46

All of the following workers are quite likely to remain in the paid labor force after age 60 EXCEPT _____.

A) an English professor
B) a unionized mechanic at a local factory
C) an independently employed cleaning lady
D) a judge in a state court

Question 47

Low-SES European American men have all of the following EXCEPT _____than men of higher SES.

A) less education
B) more education
C) worse health
D) spottier work history

Question 48

The increased allostatic load that African Americans may experience as a result of years of stress related to discrimination is referred to as _____.

A) self theory
B) weathering
C) disengagement
D) integrity

Question 49

Sylvia babysits two days a week for her school-age grandchildren and regularly gives her neighbor, who can no longer drive, a ride to the grocery store and doctor appointments. She also frequently sends small amounts of money to her daughter, who has just returned to college. Which of the following statements about Sylvia's activities is NOT true?

A) These informal activities are not measured in statistics about the volunteer work of the elderly.
B) Many elderly people provide this kind of informal volunteer assistance to others.
C) This work, like all volunteer work, is likely to increase Sylvia's well-being.
D) Sylvia would be better off volunteering with an organization; to really help others, she needs more structure to her activities.

Question 50

The idea that opportunities and roles are determined based on age is referred to as _____.

A) age stratification
B) selective optimization
C) self-actualization
D) social stagnation

Question 51

Older adults who work bridge jobs tend to be _____ than those who work full time or quit completely.

A) happier
B) more depressed
C) more stressed
D) sicker

Question 52

When older Americans move, they are most likely to move _____.

A) not far from their old residence
B) to a warm climate
C) to the town where they were born
D) to the countryside, where it is quiet and where there is less crime

Question 53

Generally, where do the elderly prefer to live?

A) in a planned retirement community
B) with their children or other relatives
C) in their own homes
D) in nursing homes

Question 54

Older immigrants tend to be _____.

A) happy and financially stable because of retirement savings
B) well integrated into extended family life, as is the norm in the United States
C) isolated but provided for by social welfare programs
D) lonely and poor, without a U.S. work history or the benefit of extended family life to support them

Question 55

A man who is almost 65 years old withdraws from his connections with younger people, and his coworkers stop asking him for help. Which theory says this behavior is a natural part of aging?

A) continuity
B) self-actualization
C) selective optimization
D) disengagement

Question 56

The view that elderly people need to remain active in a variety of social spheres is called _____.

A) stratification theories
B) positivity effect
C) activity theory
D) disengagement theories

Question 57

The theory that is contrary to disengagement theory is _____ theory.

A) epigenetic
B) identity
C) activity
D) feminist

Question 58

Alden and Elyse have lived in the same house for over 40 years. They raised their children there and were actively involved in the neighborhood. As they age, their children want them to move to a nearby small apartment. Like many other older adults, Alden and Elyse _____.

A) look forward to moving to a new home
B) prefer to age in place
C) are divided on the decision, as women in general prefer to move during retirement
D) would actually prefer to head to a warmer climate than stay local

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of typical elder volunteers?

A) strong commitment to the community
B) many social contacts
C) married to a volunteer
D) poor health

Question 60

Pablo had strong social connections and community ties throughout his adult life and mentored many individuals while in his career as a business manager. He was also an active volunteer in his community. Now that he is retired, Pablo will most likely _____.

A) become socially isolated as he disengages from his work
B) become an active volunteer or find other ways to remain socially engaged
C) actually return to work because his professional life is his sole source of identity
D) experience rapidly declining health and well-being as he becomes more and more isolated

Question 61

Religious faith is associated with improved psychological health in old age because of _____.

A) the belief that one's particular faith or ethnicity is superior to that of others
B) beliefs that give meaning to life and death
C) a focus on pleasure and immediate needs
D) the regular attendance of religious services

Question 62

Compared with single older adults, married older adults tend to be _____.

A) happier and wealthier
B) happier but poorer
C) poorer and less happy
D) wealthier but less happy

Question 63

Religious involvement correlates with _____ because it promotes social relationships and healthy habits.

A) higher levels of stress
B) better health
C) more wealth
D) earlier death

Question 64

When many adults who moved into a neighborhood decades earlier never leave the area, the result is _____.

A) assisted living
B) an empty nest
C) a universal design
D) a naturally occurring retirement community

Question 65

With regard to elections and public policy debates, the elderly tend _____.

A) to always vote in support of their economic interests
B) to uniformly support the candidate or measure endorsed by AARP
C) to be divided
D) to look to their adult children for guidance

Question 66

When it comes to intergenerational relationships, conflict is more likely in _____ relationships than in distant ones.

A) married
B) long-lasting
C) newly formed
D) emotionally close

Question 67

A family of many generations but with only a few members of each generation is called a _____ family.

A) beanpole
B) nuclear
C) stratified
D) collective

Question 68

Xander and Josephina have been married for 60 years. When asked to share their secret to a long marriage, Xander replied _____.

A) "We spend ample time apart"
B) "We have learned how to disagree"
C) "She depends on me for money"
D) "We each have our own friends instead of a combined social circle"

Question 69

Elderly people's relationships with members of younger generations _____.

A) are usually positive but can also include tension and conflict
B) are usually negative but can also have some aspects that are mutually beneficial
C) do not have a significant impact on their life and happiness
D) are usually good with those much younger, such as grandchildren, but strained with those just one generation removed

Question 70

Who is most likely to be the healthiest and happiest at age 70?

A) Alia, who never married and lives alone
B) Diana, who lives with her husband of 40 years
C) Corrina, who has been a widow for 14 years and did not remarry
D) Annette, who has been divorced for 23 years and lives with her daughter

Question 71

In parent and adult child relationships, _____ feel stronger affection toward their parents.

A) daughters
B) sons
C) those who live physically close together
D) those who are emotionally close

Question 72

Which state has the highest proportion of people over the age of 65?

A) Florida
B) California
C) Arizona
D) Maine

Question 73

Noah has added a room to his house in anticipation of his elderly parents moving in with him. As their oldest son, he feels obligated to provide care for them out of a sense of _____.

A) filial responsibility
B) family ethics
C) guilt
D) surrogate parenting

Question 74

What percentage of older adults are active in political campaigns?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 5

Question 75

One crucial factor in the success of long-term marriages is _____.

A) a sense of agreement on everything
B) a strong sense of shared experiences
C) a more active sex life
D) the trend toward living apart together

Question 76

By age 65, what percentage of adults are grandparents?

A) 75
B) 80
C) 85
D) 90

Question 77

The fact that Maine, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia follow Florida as the states with the highest proportion of residents over age 65 illustrates that _____.

A) most elderly people want to retire to warmer environments
B) only a few states have an adequate number of planned retirement communities
C) most people prefer to age where they have always lived
D) the old tend to congregate in a few parts of the country

Question 78

Silas and Ruth have been married for 50 years. Silas is healthy and active, and through his life's work as the owner of a business-work he deeply loved-he saved well for retirement. Based on this, which of the following is most likely TRUE?

A) Ruth has a high level of well-being because her partner has a high level of well-being.
B) Ruth's well-being is certainly far less than that of her partner.
C) Silas would be wealthier if he were not partnered.
D) Silas and Ruth probably have an unhappy partnership.

Question 79

In what way are older Americans the LEAST politically active?

A) voting
B) writing letters to elected officials
C) staying informed on current events
D) volunteering on political campaigns

Question 80

Which of the following statements about older people and religion is TRUE?

A) Religious institutions promote caring relationships.
B) Belief in the afterlife may explain the high numbers of suicides among African American women.
C) Faith decreases with age and experience.
D) Religious identity is never as significant as ethnic identity in the lives of older adults.