Deck 4: The First Two Years: the Social World

Question 1

Diet has an effect on how quickly skin wrinkles; fat slows down wrinkling.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Metabolism decreases by about one-third between ages 20 and 60.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Improved sexuality with age may be a cohort change, not a physiological one.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The World Health Organization calls marijuana "the single largest preventable cause of death and chronic disease in the world today."

Question 5

Collagen decreases by about 10 percent per year starting at age 20.

Question 6

Sexual arousal and orgasm both take longer and occur more slowly with age.

Question 7

Infertility is often defined as being unable to conceive after trying for at least one year.

Question 8

Changes in appearance during adulthood have significant health consequences.

Question 9

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) can be a cause of infertility among women.

Question 10

Hormones have been used to treat symptoms of menopause in women.

Question 11

Men experience the same sudden downward shift in reproductive ability as women.

Question 12

The drop in testosterone levels of older men is known as andropause.

Question 13

For most adults, brain changes that occur before late adulthood correlate with diminished intellectual power.

Question 14

The first visible signs of aging are in brain functioning.

Question 15

The depletion in organ reserve during adulthood is apparent on a daily basis.

Question 16

Significant brain losses prior to age 60 are typical.

Question 17

Most cancer deaths are attributable to lifestyle behaviors such as smoking.

Question 18

Children born via IVF, regardless of birthweight, tend to develop slower than other children in terms of health, intelligence, and school achievement.

Question 19

The last step in the process of breaking a habit is planning.

Question 20

During middle adulthood, a person typically loses muscle strength and nearly an inch in height.

Question 21

Cohort differences are among the factors that account for age-related variation in adult intelligence.

Question 22

Research has found that scores on tests of practical intelligence were steadier than the scores on other kinds of tests from age 20 to 70.

Question 23

Abstract thinking and speed of thinking are some of the mental abilities that make up fluid intelligence.

Question 24

Crystallized intelligence remains steady across adulthood.

Question 25

It is not possible to measure g directly.

Question 26

Cognitive artifacts are intellectual tools, such as writing, invented by one generation and then passed down from generation to generation to foster learning within societies.

Question 27

The best coping strategy in every stressful situation is always emotion-focused coping.

Question 28

Beginning in middle adulthood, hypertension can greatly impair cognition.

Question 29

Individuals high in analytic intelligence are better able to handle the tasks of adulthood.

Question 30

Schaie found in the Seattle Longitudinal Study that by age 60 everyone declined in at least one of the basic abilities, but not until age 88 are declines in all five skills apparent in everyone.

Question 31

Curiosity, learning something for the joy of it, and the thrill at discovering something new are marks of crystallized intelligence.

Question 32

Spearman believed that general intelligence cannot be measured directly but can be inferred from various abilities.

Question 33

Sternberg stated that there are three kinds of intelligence: analytic, creative, and practical.

Question 34

Women are more apt than men to use an emotion-focused coping style for stress.

Question 35

Crystallized intelligence allows an individual to demonstrate the immediate recall of nonsense words.

Question 36

In adults, crystallized intelligence tends to decrease with age, while fluid intelligence increases with age.

Question 37

For most people throughout adulthood, both fluid and crystallized intelligence increase with age.

Question 38

People who use problem-focused coping styles try to avoid the stressor completely.

Question 39

The Flynn effect refers to an individual's increasing intelligence with age and experience.

Question 40

Cross-sectional studies of IQ show an increase in adult intelligence.

Question 41

Spencer, who is 55 years old, didn't realize how much his physical appearance had changed until he saw a picture of himself taken 20 years ago. Spencer's gradual change in physical appearance was due to _____.

A) senescence
B) homeostasis
C) organ reserve
D) allostasis

Question 42

Over the years of adulthood, a more positive attitude toward life develops, which makes it easier to reinterpret stresses so that they do not fester.

Question 43

The superior strategies of the expert permit selective optimization with compensation.

Question 44

What global trend is evident with regard to alcohol?

A) Affluent nations have more abstainers and abusers than low-income nations.
B) Affluent nations have more heavy drinkers than low-income nations.
C) Low-income nations have more abstainers and abusers than affluent nations.
D) Low-income nations have more moderate drinkers than affluent nations.

Question 45

Experts rely less on formal procedures and rules than on past experiences and immediate contexts when thinking.

Question 46

Adulthood covers the four decades of life between ages _____ and _____.

A) 15; 55
B) 25; 65
C) 35; 75
D) 45; 85

Question 47

Corrina is considered obese because she _____.

A) snacks several times a day
B) has a BMI of 30
C) consumes foods that are high in cholesterol
D) diets often, but always gains back the weight

Question 48

Most adults are not aware of senescence until middle adulthood or so because of organ reserve and _____.

A) denial
B) homeostasis
C) increasing neurons
D) major neurocognitive disorder

Question 49

Research studies on alcohol use have shown that _____.

A) alcohol use of any kind is dangerous to health
B) alcohol raises levels of "bad" cholesterol in the blood
C) moderate use of alcohol may increase longevity
D) alcohol abuse is most common during adolescence

Question 50

As Richard helped himself to a fourth beer, he announced to everyone at the barbecue that alcohol is healthy in moderation. How does the text define "moderation"?

A) one drink a day
B) two drinks a day
C) three drinks a day
D) three drinks a week

Question 51

All smoking diseases are _____.

A) dose sensitive
B) decreasing worldwide
C) destructive only to the lungs and respiratory system
D) less likely to affect African Americans

Question 52

Research has found that between the ages of 20 and 60 _____.

A) every extra pound is a health hazard
B) it is okay to be overweight as long as one is not obese
C) metabolism slows down by about one-third
D) adults need to consume more calories

Question 53

If he is typical, a 45-year-old man will probably state that he feels _____ his chronological age.

A) significantly older than
B) exactly
C) half
D) 5 to 10 years younger than

Question 54

About _____ percent of the lung cancer deaths worldwide, and _____ percent in industrialized nations, are caused by cigarettes.

A) 40; 60
B) 50; 70
C) 60; 80
D) 70; 90

Question 55

Exercise does all of the following EXCEPT _____.

A) reduce blood pressure
B) strengthen the heart and lungs
C) make depression less likely
D) make serious illness more likely

Question 56

Currently in the United States, _____ of adults are overweight.

A) one-third
B) one-half
C) two-thirds
D) three-quarters

Question 57

Selective optimization with compensation is a necessary prerequisite to becoming an expert in your chosen field.

Question 58

Bill wants to be more physically active. Research on what helps adults be more active suggests that Bill_____.

A) move to a neighborhood with walking paths and sidewalks
B) reduce the number of hours he works
C) join a gym with an expensive membership fee so he will feel guilty if he does not go to the gym
D) donate $10 to a local charity for each day he does not exercise

Question 59

George, who is 60, couldn't understand why he was slowly gaining weight. He was eating the same amount of food that he had each day since he was 20 and he exercised regularly. What could explain his weight gain?

A) His metabolism had slowed down.
B) He is likely very ill; this situation is very unusual.
C) He really wasn't gaining weight; his height was decreasing.
D) He always overate after exercising.

Question 60

Expert thinking is intuitive, automatic, strategic, and flexible.

Question 61

Pelvic inflammatory disease is a disease that impairs fertility by _____.

A) reducing the number of viable sperm
B) lowering sperm count
C) creating scar tissue that can block the fallopian tubes
D) creating scar tissue that can block the cervix

Question 62

According to the text, factors that protect health include _____.

A) money, education, and intelligence
B) money and attitudes
C) attitudes and education
D) attitudes and expectations

Question 63

Implementation is quitting a habit according to a plan. Implementation is most successful when a person _____.

A) implements a plan without telling anyone
B) implements a plan on one's own
C) reflects the person's values, circumstances, and support
D) is in denial that there is a problem

Question 64

The average age of menopause is about _____ years.

A) 40
B) 45
C) 51
D) 60

Question 65

Which statement about bariatric surgery in obese adults is FALSE?

A) Death rates without it are higher for morbidly obese adults.
B) About 10 percent of patients will require additional surgery.
C) Such surgery decreases the need for life-changing habits.
D) The surgery reduces overeating.

Question 66

What is one crucial factor for success at the implementation stage of breaking a habit?

A) social support
B) trying to tackle more than one habit at a time
C) breaking the habit on one's own
D) not telling anyone of the date or the plan for change

Question 67

Which country has the highest rate of individuals diagnosed with diabetes?

A) the United States
B) Mexico
C) the United Kingdom
D) Canada

Question 68

A group of friends, all about 60 years of age, are playing dominos. What characteristic of senescence do they MOST likely have in common?

A) They are unable to drive.
B) Their faces have wrinkles.
C) They wear hearing aids.
D) They are nearsighted.

Question 69

The process of changing a habit is long and multi-stepped. What is the first step in this process?

A) awareness
B) denial
C) maintenance
D) planning

Question 70

The Mediterranean diet has been shown to protect against heart disease without adding weight. If Al were to eat a Mediterranean diet, he would eat all of the following EXCEPT _____.

A) fish
B) olive oil
C) fiber
D) beef

Question 71

Tia has a BMI of 40. She would be classified as _____.

A) underweight
B) overweight
C) obese
D) morbidly obese

Question 72

Approximately 12 percent of U.S. couples are _____.

A) infertile
B) celibate
C) unfaithful
D) same-sex

Question 73

A couple has been trying to conceive a child for 12 months. They decide to consult a doctor about their inability to conceive. After several tests, the doctor suggests that perhaps they will need to use _____ because of a low sperm count.

A) natural methods
B) arranged reproductive technology
C) assisted reproductive technology
D) alternative medical technology

Question 74

In vitro fertilization (IVF), an assisted reproductive technology (ART), has resulted in an estimated _____ million births.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) 20

Question 75

A study of women in the United States age 40 and older found that _____.

A) sexual activity and satisfaction increased each decade
B) sexual activity and satisfaction decreased each decade
C) sexual activity increased each decade but satisfaction did not
D) sexual activity decreased each decade but satisfaction did not

Question 76

The first visible signs of senescence are usually observed in a person's _____.

A) gait
B) posture
C) skin
D) eyes

Question 77

Infertility is often defined as being unable to conceive after _____ months of trying to get pregnant.

A) 3
B) 6
C) 9
D) 12

Question 78

During the past 50 years, advances in medicine have solved about half of all _____.

A) age-related diseases
B) fertility problems
C) sexually transmitted infections
D) birth control side effects

Question 79

Which statement about sexuality is true for both sexes as people age?

A) Sexual responses come quicker.
B) Sex hormone levels increase.
C) Reproduction becomes less likely.
D) Fertility is increased.

Question 80

After hearing test results from her doctor, Erin realized her weight was really impacting her health. With respect to the process of changing a habit, what step is Erin at?

A) awareness
B) denial
C) maintenance
D) planning