Deck 9: Motivating Employees

Question 1

The three key elements in the definition of motivation are effort,organizational goals,and needs.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

According to Herzberg,hygiene factors eliminate job dissatisfaction but don't motivate employees.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

According to Maslow,physiological needs must be met before the individual will focus on higher-level needs.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

According to Herzberg,working conditions and security are both hygiene factors.

Question 5

John is a typical Theory X manager; he believes that is employees dislike work and that the only way to deal with them effectively is to focus on external motivation rather than internal motivation.

Question 6

According to Maslow,the basic need for food,drink,and shelter are called psychological needs.

Question 7

Theory Y managers believe that motivation comes from outside the individual and includes pay,bonuses,and other tangible rewards.

Question 8

A single individual can have high motivation for one task and low motivation for another task.

Question 9

According to equity theory,a person who earns $50 000 will be less satisfied with his or her pay than a person who earns $100 000.

Question 10

Douglas McGregor developed Theory X and Theory Y.The theory examines the following question: Is motivation external or internal?

Question 11

Motivation is a drive that some people have and others don't have.

Question 12

Theory X managers believe that employees have little ambition and need more responsibility and challenge to motivate them.

Question 13

Theory Y managers believe that people seek out responsibility.

Question 14

According to equity theory,feedback from another person is less effective than self-generated feedback.

Question 15

According to goal-setting theory,a person with specific and challenging goals will work harder and have higher satisfaction.

Question 16

According to McClelland there are three acquired (not innate)needs that motivate work performance: need for power,need for achievement,and need for affiliation.

Question 17

According to Maslow,self-actualization needs must be met before the individual can focus on physiological needs.

Question 18

According to Herzberg,achievement and advancement are both motivators.

Question 19

According to Maslow,the higher-order needs include safety and self-actualization.

Question 20

According to Herzberg,salary and status are both motivators.

Question 21

Procedural justice refers to the perceived fairness of the process used to determine the distribution of rewards.

Question 22

Contingent workers identify with and demonstrate higher levels of commitment to the organization than other employees.

Question 23

Flextime is a scheduling system in which employees work four 10-hour days.

Question 24

Almost every contemporary motivation theory recognizes that each employee must be treated identically.Managers should focus on what employees want on a generic level.

Question 25

Valence refers to the importance that an individual places on the potential outcome or reward that can be achieved on the job.

Question 26

Pay-for-performance programs are probably most compatible with expectancy theory.

Question 27

Equity theory is based on valid comparisons of inputs and outputs.The three referent category variables are other,system,and self.

Question 28

The three variables in Vroom's expectancy theory are valence,instrumentality,and expectancy.

Question 29

Telecommuting satisfies the needs of employees to interact socially.

Question 30

According to research,distributive justice has a greater influence on employee satisfaction than procedural justice; however,procedural justice tends to affect an employee's organizational commitment,trust in his or her boss,and intention to quit.

Question 31

Professionals are best motivated by extra pay and promotion within the organization.

Question 32

People who desire money score higher on self-esteem,need for achievement,and Type A personality measures.

Question 33

Telecommuting refers to the practice of allowing employees to commute to work at any time between 8 and 10 as long as they complete a full eight-hour shift.

Question 34

Employees should perceive that rewards or outcomes are equal to the inputs.On a simple level,experience,ability,effort,and other obvious inputs should explain differences in pay,responsibility,and other obvious outcomes.

Question 35

The loyalty of professionals is more often to their employer than to their profession.

Question 36

Job sharing improves production by allowing people to fit their jobs better into their lifestyles.

Question 37

An advantage of telecommuting is that companies do not necessarily have to be located near their workforce.

Question 38

Instrumentality refers to the degree to which the individual believes that performing at a particular level leads directly to a desired outcome.

Question 39

Instrumentality is the probability perceived by the individual that exerting a given amount of effort will lead to a certain level of performance.

Question 40

Job sharing is the practice of having two or more people split a full-time job.

Question 41

Growth,achieving one's potential,self-fulfillment,and the drive to become what one is capable of becoming all occur at which level on Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A)physiological
B)esteem
C)social
D)self-actualization
E)psychological

Question 42

Joining a social club to be seen among famous dignitaries and celebrities with a lot of status and power would be most closely associated with which level on Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A)physiological
B)safety
C)social
D)esteem
E)self-actualization

Question 43

John has a job that pays well,is recognized for his contribution to the organization,and has an active social life.His overpowering drive now is to become all that he is capable of becoming.John is focused on which level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A)physiological
B)safety
C)social
D)philosophical
E)self-actualization

Question 44

A retired senior who goes back to college to pursue a degree because she always wondered if she was capable of doing so most likely is focused on what need?

A)physiological
B)safety
C)social
D)esteem
E)self-actualization

Question 45

According to McGregor's Theory X perspective,employees ________.

A)like work
B)want to avoid responsibility
C)are trying to satisfy their need for esteem
D)consider work a natural activity
E)can exercise self-direction

Question 46

Which of the following is the top level in Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory?

A)psychological
B)safety
C)social
D)esteem
E)self-actualization

Question 47

According to Maslow's theory,when does a need stop motivating?

A)never
B)when an individual cannot satisfy it
C)when it is substantially satisfied
D)when an individual returns to a lower level of need
E)when an individual achieves self-actualization

Question 48

Which element of motivation is a measure of intensity or drive?

A)direction
B)effort
C)persistence
D)achievement
E)tension reduction

Question 49

Tina is constantly seeking acceptance and friendship by her peers at her workplace.According to Maslow,Tina is trying to fulfill her ________ needs.

A)physiological
B)safety
C)social
D)esteem
E)self-actualization

Question 50

The direction of an individual's motivation can be channelled to benefit ________.

A)only an organization
B)both individuals and organizations
C)only an individual
D)an individual's family only
E)unknown benefactors

Question 51

An internal state that makes certain outcomes appear attractive is known as ________.

A)motivation
B)leadership
C)effort
D)a need
E)a goal

Question 52

The need for such factors as status,recognition,attention,self-respect,autonomy,and achievement occurs at which level on Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A)physiological
B)esteem
C)social
D)self-actualization
E)safety

Question 53

High levels of effort are unlikely to lead to favourable job performance unless ________.

A)technology is also considered
B)the effort also benefits the organization
C)team work is also considered
D)management efforts are rewarded
E)Theory X assumptions are applied

Question 54

According to Maslow,an employee who has a need for more self-respect has unmet ________ needs.

A)physiological
B)safety
C)social
D)esteem
E)self-actualization

Question 55

The motivation process moves from unsatisfied need to tension to ________.

A)satisfied need
B)tension reduction
C)psychological stress
D)search behaviour
E)effort

Question 56

The willingness to exert high levels of effort to reach organizational goals,based on the wish to satisfy some individual need,is called ________.

A)motivation
B)leadership
C)performance management
D)need configuration
E)Theory X

Question 57

According to Maslow,the drive to find food,drink,and shelter is based on which level of needs?

A)psychological
B)safety
C)self-actualization
D)social
E)physiological

Question 58

Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that an individual begins by first satisfying their ________ needs.

A)philosophical
B)phenomenal
C)psychological
D)philanthropical
E)physiological

Question 59

An individual who wants to move to a neighbourhood with a lower crime rate is trying to satisfy which level on Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A)esteem
B)social
C)physiological
D)self-actualization
E)safety

Question 60

The three key elements in the definition of motivation are ________,organizational goals,and needs.

A)personality
B)ability
C)effort
D)skills
E)working conditions

Question 61

According to ________,employees compare their job's input-outcome ratio with those of relevant others.

A)motivation-hygiene theory
B)the job characteristics model
C)expectancy theory
D)equity theory
E)Theory X

Question 62

Herzberg's conclusion was which of the following?

A)The opposite of satisfaction is dissatisfaction.
B)Removing dissatisfying characteristics from a job made it more satisfying.
C)Removing dissatisfying characteristics from a job made it more motivating.
D)The opposite of satisfaction is no satisfaction.

Question 63

Historically,equity theory focused on ________ justice,which is the perceived fairness of the amount and allocation of rewards among individuals.

A)distributive
B)procedural
C)utilitarian
D)collective
E)perceptual

Question 64

You would expect a successful inventor of a new type of heart valve to have a high ________.

A)nAff
B)nPow
C)nAch
D)nFun
E)nBnd

Question 65

According to Herzberg,which of the following is a hygiene factor?

A)achievement
B)recognition
C)responsibility
D)salary
E)the work itself

Question 66

The most comprehensive and widely accepted explanation of employee motivation to date is ________.

A)Vroom's expectancy theory
B)Adam's equity theory
C)Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory
D)Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory
E)McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y

Question 67

________ assumes that employees have little ambition,dislike work,and want to avoid responsibility.

A)Theory Y
B)Theory X
C)Motivator-hygiene theory
D)Equity theory
E)Expectancy theory

Question 68

The three variables or relationships that are central to Vroom's expectancy theory are ________.

A)effort-performance,performance-reward,and attractiveness of reward
B)performance-reward,valence,and attractiveness of reward
C)effort-reward,instrumentality,and performance-outcome
D)effort-performance,valence,and attractiveness of reward
E)effort-reward,reward-performance,and attractiveness of reward

Question 69

According to Herzberg,salary,achievement,recognition,and growth are examples of ________.

A)Theory X
B)Theory Y
C)motivators
D)hygiene factors
E)extrinsic factors

Question 70

The three referent categories used by employees to assess equity are ________.

A)other,supervisor,and system
B)system,other,and organization
C)self,organization,and system
D)supervisor,organization,and system
E)self,other,and system

Question 71

Equity theory was traditionally based on ________ justice; however,more recent research has focused on ________ justice,which is the perceived fairness of the process used to determine the distribution of rewards.

A)distributive; procedural
B)altruistic; narcissistic
C)procedural; physiological
D)intrinsic; extrinsic
E)common; civil

Question 72

________ assumes that employees enjoy work,seek out and accept responsibility,and exercise self-direction.

A)Theory Y
B)Theory X
C)Motivator-hygiene theory
D)Equity theory
E)Expectancy theory

Question 73

In equity theory,anything that individuals compare themselves against in order to assess equity is called a ________.

A)motivator
B)referent
C)significant other
D)comparative
E)least preferred

Question 74

According to Herzberg,salary,working conditions,and security are all examples of ________.

A)Theory X
B)Theory Y
C)motivators
D)hygiene factors
E)physiological needs

Question 75

Which of the following would be considered an outcome according to equity theory?

A)effort
B)past experience
C)pay level
D)education
E)previous skills training

Question 76

If employees perceive their input-outcome ratio to be equal to relevant others,then a state of ________ exists.

A)equity
B)inequity
C)solidarity
D)valence
E)expectancy

Question 77

According to Herzberg,those factors that increase job satisfaction are ________.

A)Theory X factors
B)Theory Y factors
C)hygiene factors
D)motivators
E)extrinsic rewards

Question 78

According to goal setting theory,which of the following is FALSE?

A)Goal-setting assumes the individual is committed to the goal.
B)People with low self-efficacy are likely to be motivated by challenging goals.
C)The intention to work toward challenging goals is a powerful motivating force.
D)Individuals are more motivated by goals set by their managers.
E)Individuals are more motivated by goals they set themselves.

Question 79

According to Herzberg,which of the following is a motivator?

A)relationship with supervisor
B)relationship with peers
C)job security
D)salary
E)the work itself

Question 80

According to equity theory,when perceived inequities exist,employees ________.

A)do not mind
B)rarely notice
C)become more motivated
D)ignore the information
E)attempt to correct the inequities