Deck 22: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Question 1

What is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself when a cell divides?

A)transcription
B)replication
C)duplication
D)cloning

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What is the complementary strand for the DNA strand 5'-AAGGTAGC-3'?

A)3'-CGATGGAA-5'
B)3'-AAGGTAGC-5'
C)3'-TTCCATCG-5'
D)5'-TTCCATCG-3'
E)5'-CGATGGAA-3'

Answer 2

C

Question 3

How many different trinucleotides can be formed from one guanine, one uracil, and one adenine?

A)1
B)3
C)6
D)18
E)27

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which nucleotide abbreviation is not valid?

A)dAMP
B)AMP
C)dUMP
D)CMP

Question 5

Which component is not part of a nucleotide?

A)a nitrogen-containing base
B)a monosaccharide
C)an amino acid
D)a phosphate group

Question 6

Which base is found in DNA or RNA, but not both?

A)uracil
B)cytosine
C)adenine
D)guanine

Question 7

How many hydrogen bonds form between a G-C base pair in a DNA double helix?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 8

What is the name of the nucleoside shown?

A)uridine
B)uridosine
C)oxyuridine
D)oxyuridosine

Question 9

What is the name of the nucleoside shown?

A)hydroadenine
B)deoxyadenosine
C)deoxyguanosine
D)hydroguanine

Question 10

What is the abbreviation of the polynucleotide shown?

A)TAC
B)CAT
C)CGT
D)TGC

Question 11

Which sequence is not possible?

A)GAGAA
B)TAGGG
C)UTAGA
D)CCCCC

Question 12

Which base is at the 3' end of the structure shown?

A)Adenine
B)Cytosine
C)Guanine
D)Thymine
E)Uracil

Question 13

What step in the synthesis of proteins involves the genetic message contained in mRNA specifying the specific amino acid sequence of a protein?

A)elongation
B)directed synthesis
C)translation
D)protein hydrolysis

Question 14

What is the abbreviation of the structure shown below?

A)GMP
B)AMP
C)CMP
D)TMP

Question 15

Which is the structure of ATP?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 16

What is a nucleoside?

A)a monosaccharide + a base
B)a polymer of ribonucleotides
C)the monosaccharides ribose and deoxyribose
D)a monosaccharide + a base + phosphate

Question 17

A polynucleotide contains _____

A)one free phosphate group at the 5' end.
B)a backbone of alternating sugar and base groups.
C)one free phosphate group at the 1' end.
D)one free OH group at the 5' end.

Question 18

Which sequence has a purine base at the 3' end?

A)TCTAG
B)AUCCT
C)GUGCCU
D)CCTTC

Question 19

Which structure represents a nucleotide?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 20

Which base is at the 5' end of the structure shown?

A)Adenine
B)Cytosine
C)Guanine
D)Thymine
E)Uracil

Question 21

Which statement about RNA codons is not true?

A)It is possible for two different codons to code for the same amino acid.
B)There are 64 different codons.
C)Three codons are "stop" codons, signaling the termination of protein synthesis.
D)Three codons are "start" codons, signaling the start of protein synthesis.

Question 22

Which is not a type of RNA molecule?

A)mRNA
B)dRNA
C)tRNA
D)rRNA

Question 23

Hydrogen bonding plays an important role in all but one of the items below. Which one does not involve hydrogen bonding?

A)DNA replication
B)DNA double helix
C)DNA primary structure
D)Synthesis of mRNA from DNA

Question 24

Which codon does not code for alanine?

A)GCG
B)GCU
C)GCC
D)GCA
E)GAC

Question 25

DNA is a double-stranded nucleic acid that exists as a double helix. Which is responsible for holding the double helix of DNA together?

A)phosphodiester bonds between complementary base pairs on each strand
B) $\beta$ -N-glycosidic linkages between the sugar-phosphate backbone of each strand
C)disulfide bonds between the cysteine residues on each strand
D)hydrogen bonding between complementary bases on each strand

Question 26

A DNA sequence segment is initially AAA ATG TGA CCC. Which mutation would have the most significant effect on the resultant protein synthesized?

A)AAG ATG TGA CCC
B)AAA ATT TGA CCC
C)AAA ATG GAC CCU
D)AAA ATG TGA CGC

Question 27

Which is not one of the elements needed to amplify DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

A)two primers-short polynucleotides that are complementary to the two ends of the segment to be amplified
B)a restriction endonuclease enzyme that cleaves DNA at specific locations
C)the segment of DNA that must be copied
D)a DNA polymerase enzyme that will catalyze the synthesis of a complementary strand of DNA from a template strand
E)nucleoside triphosphates that serve as the source of the nucleotides A, T, C, and G needed in the synthesis of the new strands of DNA

Question 28

Which is a genetic disease?

A)Tay-Sachs disease
B)Sickle cell anemia
C)Galactosemia
D)Huntington's disease
E)All of the diseases above are genetic diseases.

Question 29

Which is not one of the three stages in translation?

A)termination
B)initiation
C)elongation
D)mutation

Question 30

How many different mRNA sequences code for the dipeptide Leu-Ile?

A)1
B)2
C)9
D)18

Question 31

Which is the smallest type of RNA?

A)mRNA
B)dRNA
C)tRNA
D)rRNA

Question 32

Which statement concerning the biomolecules DNA is incorrect?

A)DNA stands for diribonucleic acid.
B)DNA stores the genetic information of an organism and transmits that information from one generation to another.
C)DNA molecules are located in the nucleus of a cell.
D)Four common bases are found in DNA: adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine.

Question 33

Which mRNA sequence codes for the amino acid sequence Leu-Gly-Asp-Arg?

A)5' CUA GGU GAU AGC 3'
B)5' CUA CAG GAU AGA 3'
C)5' AGA GAU GGA UUA 3'
D)5' UUA GGA GAU AGA 3'

Question 34

What polypeptide would be synthesized from the following template strand of DNA: 3' CGG AGA CGG ACG 5'?

A)Ala-Ser-Ala-Cys
B)Arg-Arg-Arg-Cys
C)Gln-Lys-Gln-Met
D)Ala - Ser - Ala - Thr
E)Cys-Ala-Ser-Ala

Question 35

Which statement concerning the replication of DNA is not true?

A)The first step in replication is unwinding the DNA to expose the bases on each strand.
B)A new phosphodiester bond is formed between the 5'-phosphate of the nucleoside triphosphate and the 3'-OH group of the new DNA strand.
C)Replication occurs in only one direction on the template strand, from the 5' end to the 3' end.
D)In replication, the lagging strand is synthesized in small fragments which are then joined together by a DNA ligase enzyme.

Question 36

Which amino acid sequence is coded for by the mRNA sequence 5' AAG GCU AGU GGC 3'?

A)Thr-His-Asn-Asp
B)Lys-Ala-Ser-Gly
C)Asp-Asn-His-Thr
D)Gly-Ser-Ala-Lys

Question 37

Which type of mutation occurs when a DNA sequence changes from GGA TCA CCG GAA…. to GGA TCC CGG….?

A)a deletion mutation
B)an insertion mutation
C)a point mutation
D)a transcription mutation

Question 38

A DNA sequence segment is initially AAA ATG TGA CCC. Which mutation would have the least effect on the resultant protein synthesized?

A)AAG ATG TGA CCC
B)AAA ATT TGA CCC
C)AAA ATG GAC CCU
D)AAA ATG TGA CGC

Question 39

DNA isolated from human cheek cells was found to contain 21% guanine. Which statement concerning the base composition of this DNA sample is true?

A)It contains 79% cytosine.
B)It contains 21% adenine, 21% cytosine, and 21% thymine.
C)It contains 21% cytosine, 29% adenine, and 29% thymine.
D)It is impossible to say anything specific about the percentages of adenine, cytosine, and thymine without further analysis of composition.

Question 40

Each individual tRNA contains _____

A)a base sequence that is identical to the informational strand of DNA.
B)the sequence of codons that determines the order of amino acids in the protein.
C)an anticodon of three nucleotides that is complementary to the codon in mRNA and identifies individual amino acids.
D)an anticodon complementary to any of the three stop codons.

Question 41

Which of the following best describes the primary function of mRNA in a cell?

A)to serve as a coenzyme in the enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis of proteins
B)to serve as the template strand in the synthesis of DNA
C)to transcribe the instructions for protein synthesis from DNA and carry this information to the ribosomes
D)to transport amino acids to the ribosomes for protein synthesis

Question 42

The strand of DNA used for RNA synthesis is called the information strand.

Question 43

The structure shown is a segment of an RNA strand.

Question 44

The "cartoon" shown below is an example of an rRNA cloverleaf.

Question 45

A)by reduced coenzymes that match the codons found on the DNA template strand
B)by the transport protein coenzyme A
C)by tRNA molecules that contain the complementary sequence of an mRNA codon in their anticodon loop
D)amino acids are synthesized at the ribosomes by the hydrolysis of proteins
Ans: C Difficulty: Medium
Which structure correctly represents the dinucleotide sequence GU that is found in RNA?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 46

A chromosome is a segment of a DNA molecule that codes for a specific protein.

Question 47

The dipeptide produced from the DNA segment CAGCTA is the same as the dipeptide from the DNA segment CAGCTT.

Question 48

In the transcription "cartoon" shown, the direction of transcription is from right to left.

Question 49

In the process of translation, the genetic code contained in DNA is rewritten in mRNA, which leaves the nucleus and carries the information to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Question 50

DNA consists of two polynucleotide strands that wind into a left-handed double helix.

Question 51

The dipeptide produced from the DNA segment CAGCTA is the same as the dipeptide from the DNA segment CAGCTG.

Question 52

During replication, the two strands of DNA separate and each serves as a template for a new strand. Thus, the original DNA molecule forms two DNA molecules, each of which contains one strand from the parent DNA and one new strand.

Question 53

Polynucleotides are named by the sequence of the bases they contain, beginning at the 3' end and using the one-letter abbreviation for the bases.

Question 54

Transcription forms a messenger RNA molecule with a sequence that is identical to the DNA template strand from which it is prepared.

Question 55

When a mutation causes a protein deficiency or results in a defective protein, and the condition is inherited from one generation to another, a genetic disease results.

Question 56

Individual mRNAs bring specific amino acids to add to the growing peptide chain.

Question 57

All mutations result in a change in the amino acid sequence coded for by the DNA molecule.

Question 58

For the DNA segment 3'-ACCTGCCTACCCG-5', the sequence of the mRNA molecule synthesized is 5'-UGGACGGAUGGGC-3'.

Question 59

The three key elements needed to form recombinant DNA are: a DNA molecule into which a new DNA segment will be inserted; an enzyme that cleaves DNA at specific locations; and an enzyme from a second organism that will be inserted in the original DNA molecule.

Question 60

How are the correct amino acids brought to the ribosomes for protein synthesis?

Question 61

Insulin, a hormone used by millions of individuals with diabetes, was the first genetically engineered protein available in significant quantities by recombinant DNA methods.

Question 62

A triplet codon is a sequence of three amino acids in a protein that signals for transcription.

Question 63

If a single strand of a gene contains 726 bases, 242 amino acids will make up the polypeptide prepared from it, assuming every base of the gene is transcribed and then translated.

Question 64

The primary structure of a polynucleotide is the sequence of nucleotides that it contains, which is determined by the identity of the bases.

Question 65

A virus that contains a core of RNA is called a retrovirus.

Question 66

When the base guanine is added to the 2'-OH of the monosaccharide ribose, the product is guanosine.

Question 67

If 22% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA contain the base adenine (A), then 22 % of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA contain the base thymine (T).

Question 68

The restriction enzyme BamHI recognizes the DNA sequence GGATCC and cuts the DNA between the two G's. Given the segment of double-stranded DNA shown below ,
the sticky ends that result from cleavage with this enzyme are .

Question 69

When inserted into a bacterium, recombinant DNA can be used to prepare large quantities of useful proteins.

Question 70

A gene is a portion of a DNA molecule responsible for the synthesis of a single protein.

Question 71

The nucleic acid DNA stores the genetic information of a particular organism, while the nucleic acid RNA translates this genetic information into the synthesis of proteins needed by cells for proper function and development.

Question 72

The double-stranded DNA helices wind around a core of protein molecules called _____ to form a chain of _____.

Question 73

Nucleic acids are formed by joining the 3'-OH group of one nucleotide with the 5'-phosphate of a second nucleotide in a phosphodiester linkage.

Question 74

There was a mix-up in the hospital nursery and there is a question as to which baby belongs to a set of new parents. The given gel contains the DNA fingerprint of the new mother (Lane 1), the new father (Lane 2), and two infants (Lanes 3 and 4). The DNA fingerprinting indicated that the infant tested in Lane 4 is the child of these parents.

Question 75

A nucleoside is formed by joining the anomeric carbon of the monosaccharide with a nitrogen atom of the base.

Question 76

A virus is an infectious agent consisting of a DNA molecule and an RNA molecule that is contained within a protein coating.

Question 77

Cidofovir (structure shown)is an antiviral medication for the treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV)retinitis in patients with AIDS that suppresses CMV replication by selective inhibition of viral DNA synthesis. Cidofovir contains the nucleoside cytidine.

Question 78

If 22% of the nucleotides in a sample of DNA contain the base adenine (A), then 22% of the nucleotides in the same sample of DNA contain the base guanine (G).

Question 79

Almost any type of cell-skin, saliva, semen, blood, etc.-can be used to obtain a DNA fingerprint of an individual.

Question 80

Nucleosides are formed by adding a phosphate group to the 5'-OH of a nucleotide.