Deck 3: Organizational Commitment

Question 1

Affective commitment exists when there is a sense that staying is the "right" or "moral" thing to do.

Answer 1

False
Explanation: Normative commitment exists when there is a sense that staying is the "right" or "moral" thing to do.

Question 2

Loyalty is defined as an active, constructive response to a negative work event in which individuals attempt to improve the situation.

Answer 2

False
Explanation: Loyalty is defined as a passive, constructive response that maintains public support for the situation while the individual privately hopes for improvement.

Question 3

Employees falling under the category of "lone wolves" possess low levels of both organizational commitment and task performance and merely exert the minimum level of effort needed to keep their jobs.

Answer 3

False
Explanation: Lone wolves possess low levels of organizational commitment but high levels of task performance and are motivated to achieve work goals for themselves, not necessarily for their company. They are likely to respond to negative events with exit.

Question 4

Embeddedness summarizes employees' links to their organization and community, their sense of fit with that organization and community, and what they would have to sacrifice for a job change.

Question 5

Psychological contracts reflect employees' beliefs about what they owe the organization and what the organization owes them.

Question 6

Survivor syndrome refers to the anger, depression, fear, distrust, and guilt of the employees who remain after an organization downsizes.

Question 7

Affective commitment is defined as a desire to remain a member of an organization due to an emotional attachment to, and involvement with, that organization.

Question 8

When employees engage in moonlighting, they use work time and resources to complete something other than their job duties, such as assignments for another job.

Question 9

Continuance commitment tends to create more of a passive form of loyalty than affective commitment.

Question 10

The compensatory forms model of withdrawal argues that the various withdrawal behaviors are positively correlated.

Question 11

Employees falling under the category of "lone wolves" tend to respond to negative events with voice because they have the desire to improve the status quo and the credibility needed to inspire change.

Question 12

The most serious form of physical withdrawal is absenteeism.

Question 13

Employees who feel a sense of continuance commitment identify with the organization, accept that organization's goals and values, and are more willing to exert extra effort on behalf of the organization.

Question 14

The social influence model of withdrawal behavior suggests that employees with fewer bonds will be most likely to quit the organization.

Question 15

Research suggests that the continued participation of Baby Boomers in the workforce will subtract a significant amount from the U.S. economic output.

Question 16

Employees in the category of apathetics demonstrate passive, destructive behavior. They exert the minimum level of effort required to keep their jobs.

Question 17

An effective way for organizations to foster affective commitment is through improving salary and benefits packages.

Question 18

Organizational commitment is the desire on the part of an employee to remain a member of the organization.

Question 19

The progression model of withdrawal behavior has received the most scientific support.

Question 20

Employees categorized as citizens demonstrate the highest levels of organizational commitment and behave in an active, constructive manner.

Question 21

The desire to remain a member of an organization due to emotional attachment to, and involvement with, that organization is called ________ commitment.

A) continuance
B) affective
C) evaluative
D) normative
E) associative

Question 22

Chloe loves her job, admires her boss, and believes in the goals and vision of the company she works for. She cannot imagine looking for or finding a better job. Chloe most likely is demonstrating

A) a high level of organizational commitment.
B) a normative level of organizational commitment.
C) high job performance.
D) low job performance.
E) withdrawal behaviors.

Question 23

Maddie has been working as the creative head at Juno Designs for the past 25 years. Although she likes her job, she has begun to feel like she is in a creative slump and has been considering leaving to start her own company. Maddie will be eligible for retirement in five years. After discussing it with her husband, she decides that leaving now would be a mistake. After she retires, she will reconsider the idea of starting her own company. This is an example of ________ commitment.

A) continuance
B) affective
C) ethical
D) normative
E) associative

Question 24

Which of the following is one of the three types of organizational commitment that focuses on personal and family issues more than the other two commitment types?

A) evaluative commitment
B) continuance commitment
C) associative commitment
D) affective commitment
E) normative commitment

Question 25

Sanjita is rather quiet at her workplace. Her only friend at work, Marisol, quit the company a month ago. The ________ model suggests that Sanjita is more likely to quit her job because Marisol is no longer working in the same organization.

A) social identity
B) continuance
C) progression
D) embedded
E) social influence

Question 26

Lucy has a good job she likes, and she is always striving to please her boss. This behavior is a result of

A) self-maintenance.
B) employee attrition.
C) normative commitment.
D) organizational satisfaction.
E) organizational commitment.

Question 27

Which of the following terms refers to the work and nonwork forces that bind us to our current employer?

A) normative impact
B) affective influence
C) industry regulations
D) embeddedness
E) social influence

Question 28

Employees who feel a sense of ________ commitment tend to engage in more interpersonal and organizational citizenship behaviors, such as helping, sportsmanship, and boosterism.

A) normative
B) evaluative
C) affective
D) proactive
E) continuance

Question 29

Which of the following terms refers to the various people, places, and things that can inspire a desire to remain a member of an organization?

A) focus of influence
B) focus of commitment
C) focus of attention
D) focus of performance
E) focus of dominance

Question 30

The ________ model suggests that employees who have direct linkages with "leavers" will themselves become more likely to leave.

A) social influence
B) affective
C) continuance
D) decay
E) social identity

Question 31

Which of the following is one of the three types of organizational commitment?

A) reactive commitment
B) associative commitment
C) normative commitment
D) proactive commitment
E) distributive commitment

Question 32

Lamar works for the United Bank at Madison. He feels overworked and dislikes his job, but he cannot quit because he needs the job to repay his college loans. What type of commitment does Lamar have?

A) continuance commitment
B) normative commitment
C) affective commitment
D) cognitive commitment
E) intuitive commitment

Question 33

The ________ model suggests that employees with fewer bonds will be most likely to quit the organization.

A) social influence
B) social impact
C) erosion
D) decay
E) continuity

Question 34

Which of the following terms refers to the desire on the part of an employee to remain a member of the organization?

A) organizational efficacy
B) organizational control
C) organizational efficiency
D) organizational commitment
E) organizational effectiveness

Question 35

Since Ginny's company switched management, they have stopped doing many of the fun, team-building activities they used to do, and the workplace culture has changed for the worse. A few weeks ago, Ginny's friend Surya quit, and now Ginny and her coworker Tom are thinking of quitting too. This shows the power of ________ in affecting employee attitudes.

A) erosion
B) continuance
C) social identity
D) social influence
E) negative influence

Question 36

________ commitment is defined as a desire to remain a member of an organization because of an awareness of the costs associated with leaving it.

A) Continuance
B) Affective
C) Associative
D) Normative
E) Situational

Question 37

The factors that increase normative commitment include

A) salary and other monetary benefits.
B) availability of employment opportunities.
C) a sense that the organization has invested in the employee.
D) links to the local community.
E) organizational culture.

Question 38

The set of actions that employees perform to avoid the work situation that may eventually culminate in the employee quitting the organization are referred to as ________ behavior.

A) productivity
B) commitment
C) performance
D) withdrawal
E) citizenship

Question 39

A desire to remain a member of an organization due to a feeling of obligation is called ________ commitment.

A) continuance
B) affective
C) associative
D) normative
E) evaluative

Question 40

The term "focus of commitment" can refer to each of the following, except

A) supervisors.
B) the company's top management.
C) salary.
D) specific coworkers.
E) industry regulations.

Question 41

Perry was recently hired to join the marketing team at Axon International. He will be starting at the company in two weeks. Perry has the reputation of being an expert in ad campaigns and catching the attention of the target audience. However, he also has the reputation of not getting along with anyone. He does not care much about where or for whom he works and is primarily motivated to achieve goals for himself and beat his own records. Perry can be described as a(n)

A) star.
B) lone wolf.
C) citizen.
D) apathetic.
E) dog.

Question 42

Hector works as an assistant coach for the Boise Geysers in the U.S. Basketball Association. Recently, he was offered the position of head coaching duties with the Boulder Mountain Goats. Though their offer was very attractive, and it would have been a huge career move for Hector, he declined the offer. He felt it was with Geysers that he had learned and developed as a coach and that staying with the team was the right thing to do. This is an example of ________ commitment.

A) continuance
B) intuitive
C) evaluative
D) normative
E) affective

Question 43

Employees that possess high commitment and high performance and are held up as role models for other employees are

A) dogs.
B) apathetics.
C) stars.
D) lone wolves.
E) citizens.

Question 44

Organizational commitment should decrease the likelihood that an individual will respond to a negative work event with

A) exit or neglect.
B) loyalty or neglect.
C) neglect or voice.
D) exit or voice.
E) exit or loyalty.

Question 45

Organizational commitment increases the likelihood that an individual will respond to a negative work event with

A) loyalty or neglect.
B) exit or loyalty.
C) voice or exit.
D) loyalty or voice.
E) neglect or exit.

Question 46

A passive, constructive response to negative events that maintains public support for the situation while the individual privately hopes for improvement is referred to as

A) voice.
B) exit.
C) neglect.
D) loyalty.
E) ignorance.

Question 47

When Faisal asks Tad how he feels about Margo's leaving and about his own reasons for staying with the company, Tad replies that for him, it is the company's relaxed atmosphere and his best friends at Crossroads that keeps him working there. Tad is exhibiting ________ commitment.

A) continuance
B) affective
C) evaluative
D) normative
E) associative

Question 48

________ commitment exists when there is a sense that staying at a firm is the "right" or "moral" thing to do.

A) Normative
B) Evaluative
C) Social
D) Continuance
E) Affective

Question 49

Normative commitment from employees can result from all of these except

A) the personal work principles of employees.
B) organizational socialization.
C) the creation of a feeling that the employee is in the organization's debt.
D) an increase in the organization's charitable activities.
E) implementation of a matrix structure in the organization.

Question 50

Which of the following types of employees possesses high commitment and low task performance but performs many of the voluntary "extra-role" activities that are needed to make the organization function smoothly?

A) stars
B) citizens
C) lone wolves
D) apathetics
E) dogs

Question 51

Which of the following terms refers to a passive, destructive response in which interest and effort in the job decline?

A) exit
B) loyalty
C) voice
D) ignorance
E) neglect

Question 52

Sofia, Faisal, and Tad are coworkers at Crossroads, Inc. All three have worked at Crossroads for five years now. One day while eating lunch together, Sofia remarks that she heard their colleague Margo recently quit and went to work for a competitor. Each of the three has a different opinion about Margo's leaving, and they all have their own reasons for continuing to stay at Crossroads. Faisal remarks that it is not worthwhile for him to leave like Margo because he has put in the time and hard work for a promotion. If he left for another company, he would not likely get this opportunity again soon. Faisal is exhibiting ________ commitment.

A) continuance
B) affective
C) obligation-based
D) normative
E) skill-based

Question 53

Omar and Sari work as designers at Hologram Marketing. Recently, Sari's husband got a new job in a city fifty miles away, and they have decided to move there. Sari already has a new job lined up that pays about the same as her current one and has a better benefits package, but she is sad about leaving because she has made so many close friends during her fifteen years at Hologram. Omar is relatively new to the company, having just completed his design degree a few months ago. He completed an internship while in school, but Hologram was the first agency to make him a job offer. Sari tells him she has considered turning down the job offer in the new city and commuting to Hologram instead. She then asks Omar how he feels about working at Hologram. How would Omar most likely respond?

A) "I'm just thrilled to have any job, even if it's not my ideal in the long run. The job market is terrible right now."
B) "Even though the pay isn't what I hoped for, I can apply for a raise in six months. Most companies make you wait a year."
C) "You should take the new job. I like it here, but the salary's not all that great. If I got a better offer, I'd leave in a heartbeat."
D) "It's a great offer, but I'd never leave unless I had to. Even though I haven't been here as long as you, I felt welcomed right away."
E) "I think if you decide to take that other job, I will probably leave as well. Hologram is great, but I'm sure there's something else out there for me."

Question 54

An active, constructive response to a negative situation in which individuals attempt to improve the situation, is referred to as

A) voice.
B) neglect.
C) loyalty.
D) exit.
E) honesty.

Question 55

"Stars" are one of the four types of employees based on the degree of organizational commitment and task performance. Stars are likely respond to negative events with ________ because they have the desire to improve the status quo and the credibility needed to inspire change.

A) loyalty
B) exit
C) neglect
D) voice
E) ignorance

Question 56

Thurston's friend Bao is thinking of applying for a job at Thurston's company. Thurston tells Bao it's a great place to work, but secretly Thurston dislikes his boss and is hoping he will retire soon. Thurston is demonstrating

A) apathy.
B) neglect.
C) loyalty.
D) passivity.
E) withdrawal.

Question 57

When Faisal and Tad ask Sofia her thoughts on the matter, she notes that Margo had no bonds to CI. She was relatively new and had not invested any time there. Sofia says, "Crossroads gave me an opportunity and invested so much in mentoring me, preparing me for the position, and showing me the ropes. There is no way that I could desert them by leaving for another company." Sofia is exhibiting ________ commitment.

A) continuance
B) intuitive
C) evaluative
D) normative
E) affective

Question 58

An active, destructive response by which an individual either ends or restricts organizational membership is referred to as

A) voice.
B) exit.
C) loyalty.
D) neglect.
E) ignorance.

Question 59

Hung and Suzanne's company has instituted a new volunteering program where more experienced employees mentor the youngest employees, many of whom are fresh from college or internships. Hung signs up, but Suzanne does not. A few months later, how does Hung likely feel about having become a volunteer?

A) She feels resentful, since she is essentially working for free.
B) She feels more engaged in the company and in her primary role.
C) She likes it but finds the extra time commitment a major problem.
D) She enjoys it, but her colleagues think she is kissing up to the management.
E) She likes it but feels her mentees take advantage of her time, becoming a distraction.

Question 60

"Citizens" are one of the four types of employees based on the degree of organizational commitment and task performance. "Citizens" are likely to respond to negative events with ________ because they may not have the credibility needed to inspire change but possess the desire to remain a member of the organization.

A) loyalty
B) exit
C) neglect
D) voice
E) ignorance

Question 61

Tariq and Noelle work in the sales department at CTI Telecommunications. Tariq is the star salesman of the department and makes it his mission to motivate the rest of the team when sales numbers are down or when there are problems interacting with other departments. Meanwhile, Noelle consistently ranks in the middle or near the bottom in terms of sales, and she often gets distracted by calls from her teenage son. She also spends more time than she should socializing with friends in other departments. However, everyone, including the bosses, loves Noelle because of her True-blue loyalty to the company and her team. What else is most likely True of Noelle?

A) Because she is so well-liked, her suggestions for improvements to the company or team culture are taken very seriously.
B) She will do minor office tasks, like going out to get supplies, but she does them grudgingly and after a lot of complaining.
C) She functions better as part of a team than as an individual worker, but sometimes her lack of "stepping up" annoys her co-workers.
D) She volunteers to do the mundane tasks others avoid, and she does things like buying birthday cards for co-workers and organizing parties.
E) She gets easily discouraged by negative events at work, such as team disagreements or in-fighting, and it affects her work performance.

Question 62

Which of the following is a psychological withdrawal behavior?

A) tardiness
B) missing meetings
C) long breaks
D) moonlighting
E) absenteeism

Question 63

________ is a form of withdrawal in which employees appear to be working but are actually distracted by random thoughts or concerns.

A) Moonlighting
B) Cyberloafing
C) Socializing
D) Satisficing
E) Daydreaming

Question 64

Missing meetings is a form of ________ withdrawal.

A) psychological
B) physical
C) cultural
D) community
E) social

Question 65

Annalise worked with Perry five years ago at a different company, and they had constant personality clashes. Annalise is a team player who prizes loyalty to the team above individual accomplishments. She has been unhappy at Axon for some time and has been considering sending out her CV to other companies. However, when she discovers that Perry is joining the team, she turns in her resignation. Annalise's response is best described as an example of

A) ignorance.
B) neglect.
C) loyalty.
D) voice.
E) exit.

Question 66

________ possess low levels of both organizational commitment and task performance.

A) Stars
B) Citizens
C) Lone wolves
D) Apathetics
E) Dogs

Question 67

Lone wolves are likely to respond to negative events with

A) loyalty.
B) exit.
C) neglect.
D) voice.
E) ignorance.

Question 68

Tonya is a new hire at The Eagleton Eye, a local weekly publication. She does not like her job and is not committed to the organization. She hardly exerts even the effort that is required to keep her job. Tonya is staying with the paper because she does not want to be unemployed. Tonya is a(n)

A) star.
B) citizen.
C) lone wolf.
D) apathetic.
E) dog.

Question 69

Sunil, another Axon team member, calls Perry and meets him for lunch to express all the team members' concerns and to smooth things out before Perry formally joins the team. Sunil actions best exemplify

A) ignorance.
B) neglect.
C) loyalty.
D) voice.

Question 70

________ merely exert the minimum level of effort needed to keep their jobs.

A) Apathetics
B) Citizens
C) Dogs
D) Stars
E) Lone wolves

Question 71

________ is an intentional desire on the part of employees to appear like they are working, even when they are not performing work tasks.

A) Looking busy
B) Moonlighting
C) Daydreaming
D) Socializing
E) Cyberloafing

Question 72

________ possess low levels of organizational commitment but high levels of task performance and are motivated to achieve work goals for themselves, not necessarily for their company.

A) Stars
B) Citizens
C) Dogs
D) Apathetics
E) Lone wolves

Question 73

________ refers to conversations about nonwork topics that go on in cubicles and offices, in the mailroom, or at vending machines.

A) Satisficing
B) Moonlighting
C) Daydreaming
D) Socializing
E) Cyberloafing

Question 74

The talented employees who display high level of task performance but never seem to want to get involved in important decisions about the future of the company are most likely to be

A) citizens.
B) dogs.
C) apathetic.
D) lone wolves.
E) stars.

Question 75

Bryce continually breaks off from his assigned tasks to check sports news or check his friends' Facebook updates. He is engaging in

A) cyberloafing, which is a type of psychological withdrawal.
B) psychological withdrawal, which is a type of daydreaming.
C) cyberloafing, which is a type of antisocial behavior.
D) socializing, which is a type of psychological withdrawal.
E) psychological absenteeism, which is a type of negative organizational behavior.

Question 76

Apathetics tend to respond to negative events with ________ because they are low performers who lack marketable skills and who do not have a high enough level of organizational commitment needed to engage in acts of citizenship.

A) loyalty
B) exit
C) influence
D) voice
E) neglect

Question 77

Which of the following is a form of physical withdrawal?

A) daydreaming
B) moonlighting
C) tardiness
D) socializing
E) cyberloafing

Question 78

When employees engage in ________, they use work time and resources to complete something other than their job duties, such as assignments for another job.

A) daydreaming
B) moonlighting
C) social loafing
D) satisficing
E) cyberloafing

Question 79

The most widespread form of psychological withdrawal among white-collar employees is ________, using Internet, e-mail, and instant messaging access for their personal enjoyment rather than work duties.

A) moonlighting
B) cyberloafing
C) satisficing
D) socializing
E) daydreaming

Question 80

Thalia works in the accounting department at a major department store. Though she does her job reasonably well, she is often late to work and frequently calls in sick. She's cordial with other employees and her boss but is not given to socializing. Thalia is a(n)

A) citizen.
B) apathetic.
C) lone wolf.
D) seat-warmer.
E) daydreamer.