Deck 7: The Primates

Question 1

Monkeys __________.

A)tend to swing from branch to branch
B)travel by vertical clinging and leaping
C)move mostly on the ground
D)run and leap along branches

Answer 1

run and leap along branches

Question 2

Most living nonhuman primate species are under threat of extinction.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The strepsirhine infraorder includes __________.

A)lemurs
B)tarsiers
C)monkeys
D)none of these

Answer 3

lemurs

Question 4

All primates have a fully opposable thumb and hallux.

Question 5

Members of the haplorhine infraorder closely resemble the earliest primates.

Question 6

Mammals in the __________ group reproduce without a placenta.

A)prototheria
B)eutheria
C)metatheria
D)all of these

Question 7

About __________ mammal species exist today.

A)400
B)2,000
C)4,000
D)200

Question 8

There are a total of more than __________ primate taxa.

A)350
B)1,000
C)1,700
D)2 million

Question 9

A mammal from the eutheria group __________.

A)will carry young in an abdominal pouch
B)lays eggs
C)does not produce milk
D)nourishes the embryo via a placenta

Question 10

Primates are members of the __________ group.

A)prokaryotic
B)eutheria
C)prototheria
D)metatheria

Question 11

The primate order can be broken down into two suborders including the suborder __________.

A)strepsirhines Strepsirhini
B)prosimians Prosimii
C)haplorhines Haplorhini
D)all of these

Question 12

Biological anthropologists are interested in nonhuman primates because __________.

A)we share a common ancestry
B)studying their evolutionary history can teach us about evolutionary processes in general
C)because they are intrinsically interesting
D)all of these

Question 13

Nonhuman primates exhibit a surprising lack of diversity of size and form.

Question 14

The primate body plan is highly specialized.

Question 15

The Australian platypus is a member of the prototheria group.Therefore,it __________.

A)gives birth to live young and feeds them from a nipple in an abdominal pouch
B)lays eggs
C)has a placenta
D)does not produce milk

Question 16

All nonhuman primates are quadrupeds.

Question 17

Primates achieve stereoscopic vision by having __________.

A)forward-facing eyes
B)large eyes
C)eyes that see well at night
D)round eyes

Question 18

Humans and apes are members of the __________ infraorder.

A)prosimian
B)anthropoid
C)haplorhine
D)strepsirhine

Question 19

Many strepsirhines move __________.

A)with bipedal walking
B)by arm swinging
C)by vertical clinging and leaping
D)by mostly swimming

Question 20

In general,primates are typified by __________.

A)large brains
B)a high degree of learned behavior
C)grasping hands
D)all of these

Question 21

The petrosal bulla __________.

A)covers and protects parts of the inner ear
B)is only found in primates
C)is a part of the skeletal system
D)all of these

Question 22

What do prosimians and strepsirhines have in common?

A)a reliance on olfaction
B)diurnality
C)complex social systems
D)speech

Question 23

Unlike many mammals,primates tend to be __________.

A)diurnal
B)nocturnal
C)olfactory-based
D)small

Question 24

Most haplorhines have a dental formula including __________.

A)2 incisors,1 canine,2 premolars,and 3 molars
B)2 incisors,2 canines,3 premolars,and 2 molars
C)2 incisors,1 canine,2 premolars,and 2 molars
D)2 incisors,2 canines ,2 premolars,and 2 molars

Question 25

Lemur species __________.

A)are all nocturnal
B)eat only fruit
C)range in size from two ounces to 20 pounds
D)can be found from Africa to India

Question 26

is perhaps the most fundamental social adaptation that characterizes most primates.

A)A nocturnal lifestyle
B)Solitary living
C)Sociality
D)Extended ontogeny

Question 27

The tarsier is a

A)haplorhine and an anthropoid
B)strepsirhine and a hominin
C)strepsirhine and a prosimian
D)haplorhine and a prosimian

Question 28

Which of the following is associated more with haplorhines?

A)a less complete bony orbital closure
B)diurnal behavior
C)a petrosal bulla
D)smaller brains

Question 29

The arm of a

A)ape
B)strepsirhine
C)monkey
D)vertical clinger and leaper

Question 30

Primates usually have at the ends of their digits.

A)claws
B)suction pads
C)flat nails
D)chemo receptors

Question 31

Which of the following is true of primates?

A)Primates live longer lives than all the other mammals.
B)Primates grow up faster than other mammals.
C)Primates rely on instinct more so than other mammals.
D)Primates have an extended ontogeny.

Question 32

Diurnal primates __________.

A)see only in black and white
B)rarely eat fruits
C)have a greater need for color vision
D)rarely have bony eye sockets

Question 33

Which of the following is true of galagos and lorises?

A)they are nocturnal
B)they use olfactory communication
C)they are largely solitary
D)all of these

Question 34

The bony orbital closure is more complete in haplorhines than it is in strepsirhines.

Question 35

Primate teeth are __________.

A)highly specialized
B)include enormous canine teeth
C)include heavy grinding molars similar to those of grazing animals
D)none of these

Question 36

Which of the following can be found on Madagascar?

A)tarsiers
B)lorises
C)monkeys
D)lemurs

Question 37

Encephalization refers to __________.

A)bones in the inner ear
B)color vision and a bony eye socket
C)visual communication
D)the volume of the neocortex

Question 38

Nearly all primate species give birth to single offspring.

Question 39

The arboreal hypothesis attributes primate characteristics to __________.

A)living on the ground
B)giving birth to live young
C)preying on insects
D)none of these

Question 40

At least __________ primate species are critically endangered.

A)250
B)150
C)50
D)25

Question 41

Catarrhine species share __________.

A)ischial callosities
B)bilophodont molars
C)a greater degree of sexual dimorphism than Platyrhine species
D)all of these

Question 42

Which of the following is not true of gorillas?

A)gorillas are extremely sexually dimorphic
B)gorilla infanticide is rare
C)females give birth every four years
D)gorillas live in highly cohesive groups

Question 43

The Hominoid superfamily includes __________.

A)humans
B)New World monkeys
C)Old World monkeys
D)tarsiers

Question 44

Animals in the hominoid taxon __________.

A)all form large societies
B)are all exclusively frugivorous
C)all have brachiator anatomy
D)are all highly arboreal

Question 45

Threats to primates include

A)forest clearing
B)the bushmeat trade
C)poaching for the live animal trade
D)all of these

Question 46

All platyrrhines __________.

A)have a relatively large body size
B)have three premolar teeth
C)are primarily terrestrial
D)all of these

Question 47

Nearly all threatened nonhuman primate species live __________.

A)in developing countries
B)near cities
C)in Central America
D)in Africa

Question 48

The Chimpanzee diet includes __________.

A)fruit
B)insects
C)meat
D)all of these

Question 49

Which of the following is true of most chimpanzee females?

A)They are bigger than chimp males.
B)They emigrate after reaching maturity.
C)They band together in polyandrous societies.
D)They travel in large independent groups.

Question 50

Which of the following is largest?

A)gibbons
B)orangutans
C)gorillas
D)bonobos

Question 51

Orangutans are highly sexually dimorphic.

Question 52

There are no New World monkey species with prehensile tails.

Question 53

Humans belong to the __________ family.

A)Hylobatidae
B)Pongidae
C)Hominoidea
D)Homininae

Question 54

Which of the following are more closely related to ourselves?

A)gorillas
B)lemurs
C)orangutans
D)bonobos

Question 55

The New World monkeys are classified in the infraorder __________.

A)Prosimii
B)Catarrhinii
C)Platyrrhinii
D)Pingidae

Question 56

Old World monkeys,apes,and humans are in the infraorder __________.

A)Prosimii
B)Catarrhini
C)Platyrrhinii
D)Pongidae

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT true of gibbons?

A)they sometimes have secretive matings outside of their pair bonds
B)they are among the least vocal of all nonhuman primates
C)they are highly arboreal
D)they range in size from 10 - 25 pounds

Question 58

Which of the following is true of orangutans?

A)they are highly arboreal
B)they are very solitary
C)their reproduction is strongly influenced by food supply
D)all of these

Question 59

Chimpanzee societies are less cohesive and stable than those of most other nonhuman primates.

Question 60

Old World monkeys can be found in __________.

A)Central Mexico
B)South America
C)the Middle East
D)Australia

Question 61

How do primates differ from other mammals in terms of encephalization and ontogeny? How are these related?

Question 62

Most primates are herbivores.

Question 63

Citing specific examples,relate the characteristics shared by haplorhines.

Question 64

A frugivorous primate must contend with __________.

A)secondary compounds
B)high fiber
C)competition
D)thorns

Question 65

The very largest primates tend to eat __________.

A)leaves
B)insects
C)meat
D)fruit

Question 66

The special area used by a primate group is its __________.

A)territory
B)core area
C)home range
D)shelter boundary

Question 67

Citing specific examples,relate the characteristics shared by strepsirhines.

Question 68

Outline and describe the three mammal groups.Where do primates fit into this taxonomy?

Question 69

Which of the following is a difference between chimpanzees and bonobos?

A)bonobos do not hunt
B)only bonobo males engage in border clashes
C)bonobo females do not emigrate
D)bonobo females can achieve more dominance status

Question 70

Explain two possible reasons why nonhuman primates are territorial.

Question 71

From a tree's perspective,what is preferred-frugivore neighbors or folivores neighbors? How does this relate to primate diet and ecology?

Question 72

Describe the main differences between New World monkeys and Old World monkeys.

Question 73

Trees and frugivores are in a long-running symbiosis.

Question 74

Activity budgets are tightly linked to __________.

A)animal size
B)dietary quality
C)group size
D)habitat

Question 75

Explain how such things as niche separation and the formation of polyspecific groups help primate species coexist.

Question 76

Crepuscular primates forage __________.

A)mostly at night
B)only at midday
C)on an irregular schedule
D)at dawn and dusk

Question 77

What are the major primate characteristics? How are these features explained by the arboreal hypothesis? How does Cartmill's visual predation hypothesis explain these features?

Question 78

Citing examples,explain the relationship between activity budget and dietary quality.What is a possible relationship between activity budget,dietary quality,and brain evolution?