Deck 12: Archaic Homo Sapiens and Neandertals

Question 1

Compared to those of H.erectus,anatomically modern H.sapiens limb bones are more robust.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Fossil evidence indicates that archaic H.sapiens postcranial anatomical traits include __________.

A)a strongly buttressed pelvis
B)robust bones
C)strong muscle attachments
D)all of these

Answer 2

all of these

Question 3

Compared to those of other members of the genus Homo,the anatomically modern H.sapiens skull is __________.

A)large
B)rounded
C)lacking an occipital bun
D)all of these

Answer 3

all of these

Question 4

Evidence of the use of fire by archaic H.sapiens is similar to that for H.erectus.

Question 5

The finds at the Boxgrove site in England support the hypotheses that archaic H.sapiens __________.

A)hunted big game
B)was an aggressive scavenger
C)ate mostly vegetable matter
D)relied on fish and other aquatic resources

Question 6

Which of the following is associated with the Middle Stone Age?

A)the Mousterian point
B)prepared cores
C)the Levallois technique
D)all of these

Question 7

Which of the following is associated with the Middle Stone Age?

A)soft hammer techniques
B)stylized tool shapes
C)retouched tools
D)all of these

Question 8

Neandertal remains have been recovered from sites dating between __________ years ago.

A)130,000 and 230,000
B)13,000 and 100,000
C)27,000 and 150,000
D)130,000 and 1.3 million

Question 9

Most archaic H.sapiens found in Africa bear a strong resemblance to Neandertals.

Question 10

Asian specimens of archaic H.sapiens differ from classic H.erectus in __________.

A)cranial capacity
B)body size
C)jaw shape
D)molar size

Question 11

Recent finds in Germany indicate that archaic Homo sapiens __________.

A)made tools from bone
B)never used organic materials to fashion tools
C)used wood to make some tools
D)used mostly Oldowan type tools

Question 12

The greatest number and oldest of the archaic H.sapiens fossils recovered from a single locality come from __________.

A)England
B)Spain
C)Indonesia
D)France

Question 13

The midfacial prognathism and double-arched supraorbital torus of some archaic H.sapiens indicates their possible relationship to __________.

A)H.erectus
B)modern humans
C)Neandertals
D)H.heidelbergensis

Question 14

Which of the following in not true of the anatomically modern human skull?

A)the jaws and teeth are relatively large
B)it has a high forehead
C)the supraorbital ridges are poorly developed or absent altogether
D)all of these

Question 15

The Mauer mandible __________.

A)is clearly that of a H.sapiens
B)is quite gracile
C)lacks a chin
D)is considered to be that of a Neandertal

Question 16

In Schoeningen,Germany,what particularly significant finding was made?

A)wooden spears
B)scarce Lower Paleolithic hominin remains
C)flint tools
D)all of these

Question 17

Archaic H.sapiens usually have __________.

A)H.erectus size cranial capacities
B)robust supraorbital tori
C)more gracile bones than H.erectus
D)limb proportions similar to A.robustus

Question 18

Middle Paleolithic tool making techniques could produce more cutting surface from a given amount of raw material than could earlier techniques.

Question 19

Cranial capacities of mid-Pleistocene European fossils are between __________.

A)1,100 and 1,590 cc
B)500 and 890cc
C)700 and 1,390 cc
D)1,050 and 1,390 cc

Question 20

H.heidelbergensis __________.

A)is a form of archaic H.sapiens
B)is widely agreed to be a type of H.erectus
C)closely resembles some species of Australopithecine
D)was probably a type of Neandertal

Question 21

Early depictions of Neandertals in the popular press portray the hominin as __________.

A)angelic and peaceful
B)giant white men
C)gentle geniuses
D)none of these

Question 22

Neandertal bodies are typical of __________ populations.

A)cold-adapted
B)altitude-adapted
C)heat-adapted
D)UV-adapted

Question 23

Neandertals can be found in __________.

A)western Europe
B)the Near East
C)western Asia
D)all of these

Question 24

Neandertal DNA __________.

A)has never been collected
B)indicates that they are actually modern humans
C)appears to be quite different from that of living peoples
D)none of these

Question 25

Neandertals had a more gracile superior pubic ramus than modern humans.

Question 26

Evidence of the existence of Neandertals was presented to the public before the publication of Darwin's On the Origin of Species.

Question 27

Neandertals have the same inner-ear anatomy as H.erectus.

Question 28

The postcranial skeleton of the Neandertals was __________ compared with that of modern humans.

A)small
B)the same size
C)massive
D)more gracile

Question 29

Neandertal teeth __________.

A)were more fragile than H.sapiens teeth
B)show similar wear patterns to those of modern human populations
C)show excessive wear and may have been used to hold objects
D)were much smaller than those of modern human populations

Question 30

Which of the following is typical of Neandertal postcranial anatomy?

A)a barrel-shaped chest
B)long limbs
C)heights in excess of 6 feet
D)evidence of small muscle mass

Question 31

Comparative anatomic analysis suggests that the large Neandertal nose evolved to warm cold Middle Paleolithic air as it was inhaled.

Question 32

Today,scientists agree that Neandertals should be designated as the separate species H.neandertalensis.

Question 33

The majority of Neandertal sites are from western Asia.

Question 34

The Neandertal head is characterized by __________.

A)a pentagon shape when viewed from behind
B)a small juxtamastoid eminence
C)a lack of an occipital bun
D)all of these

Question 35

Neandertal faces __________.

A)are typically tall
B)have a pronounced midfacial prognathism
C)without a chin
D)all of these

Question 36

Newer evidence from Neandertal dental growth rates indicate that Neandertal children may have had a __________ to/than human children

A)faster growth rate
B)similar growth rate
C)slower growth rate
D)none of these

Question 37

What do the two earliest Neandertal discoveries have in common?

A)they were both found in Germany
B)they were both remains of thought to be Australopithecines
C)they were both not recognized as examples of Neandertal
D)all of these

Question 38

Besides modern humans,Neandertals are by far the most thoroughly represented hominins in the fossil record.

Question 39

Taurodontism is a quality of Neandertal __________.

A)teeth
B)crania
C)jaws
D)limbs

Question 40

The derived features of Neandertals include __________.

A)long and low braincase
B)a larger brain than H.erectus
C)a larger brain than modern H.sapiens
D)all of these

Question 41

The labels "archaic Homo sapiens" and "Neandertal" are not formal designations.

Question 42

Which of the following potential Neandertal behaviors is best supported by the archaeological evidence?

A)ritual behavior
B)burials
C)symbolic behavior
D)hunting

Question 43

Investigation of Neandertal skeletons reveals abundant evidence __________.

A)that they were not at all different from H.sapiens
B)of bodies adapted to warm sunny climes
C)of a relatively easy and painless lifestyle
D)of traumatic injuries associated with rough terrain

Question 44

Explain the ways Neandertals physiologically and culturally coped with the cold climates in which they lived.

Question 45

Blade-based technology is associated with the __________ Paleolithic.

A)Early
B)Middle
C)Upper
D)Australian

Question 46

Discuss the evidence to support the claim that archaic H.sapiens hunted big game animals.

Question 47

Neandertal tools included __________.

A)blades
B)their dentition
C)Mousterian tools
D)all of these

Question 48

Evidence for Neandertal symbolic behavior includes __________.

A)musical instruments
B)engraved items
C)extensive personal adornment
D)cave paintings

Question 49

There is much evidence that Neandertals engaged in ritualized and symbolic behaviors.

Question 50

Neandertal tool traditions represent a revolutionary advance on past tool cultures.

Question 51

Which of the following best describes the "lumpers' perspective"?

A)Neandertals represent one of many distinct Middle Paleolithic hominin species.
B)Archaic H.sapiens are actually members of the species H.heidelbergensis.
C)Neandertals and archaic H.sapiens were all part of one potentially interbreeding species.
D)Neandertals and archaic H.sapiens could not and did not interbreed.

Question 52

If the splitters are correct __________.

A)H.heidelbergensis was an ancestor of H.neandertalensis
B)Neandertals and archaic H.sapiens were all part of one potentially interbreeding species
C)Neandertals and modern H.sapiens are the same species
D)all of these

Question 53

According to the so-called 'splitters' __________.

A)Neandertals represent one of many distinct Middle Paleolithic hominin species
B)archaic H.sapiens are actually members of the species H.heidelbergensis
C)Neandertals and archaic H.sapiens could not and/or did not interbreed
D)all of these

Question 54

Unlike the burials of the Upper Paleolithic,the Neandertal burial sites __________.

A)always occur in caves
B)have copious grave goods
C)rarely include children
D)all of these

Question 55

Citing specific fossil examples,describe the general physiological characteristics of the archaic forms of H.sapiens.How do these hominins physically differ from the Neandertal?

Question 56

The archaeological evidence suggests that Neandertals did engage in cannibalism.

Question 57

Neandertal burials __________.

A)all contain grave goods
B)indicate a belief in an afterlife
C)possibly include the burial of infants
D)are no different from Upper Paleolithic burials

Question 58

Neandertals were incapable of producing Upper Paleolithic tools.

Question 59

Which of the following is not an element of the "splitters' perspective"?

A)Neandertals represent one of many distinct Middle Paleolithic hominin species.
B)Archaic H.sapiens are actually members of the species H.heidelbergensis.
C)Neandertals and archaic H.sapiens were all part of one potentially interbreeding species.
D)Neandertals and archaic H.sapiens could not and did not interbreed.

Question 60

What sorts of tools were used by Neandertals?

A)bifaces
B)Mousterian
C)Châtelperronian
D)all of these

Question 61

Citing physiological,chemical,and/or archaeological evidence outline and describe the basic elements of Neandertal burial practices.

Question 62

Citing physiological,chemical,and/or archaeological evidence outline and describe the basic elements of Neandertal cannibalism.

Question 63

Citing physiological,chemical,and/or archaeological evidence outline and describe the basic elements of Neandertal tool use.

Question 64

Explain the difference between the "lumpers' perspective" and the "splitters' perspective.