Deck 10: D: Within-Subjects Designs: Can Watching Reality Tv Shows Be Good for Us

Question 1

What are baseline measurements and why are they important to within-subjects designs?

Answer 1

Baseline measurements are initial assessments of the participants at the beginning of the study with regard to the variables of interest.Baseline measurements are extremely important,especially in pretest-posttest within-subjects designs because baseline assessments provide a starting point and allow comparisons of the variables of interest at different times.Without baseline measurements researchers would not have a standardized point of comparison to determine if an intervention or treatment had any meaningful effect.

Question 2

Why is a thorough literature review so important to current research?

Answer 2

It is important to perform a thorough literature review to ensure that the appropriate terms have been identified and operationalized and to make sure that the current research question has not already been addressed and answered.Researchers want to add to the literature base of knowledge.

Question 3

Describe what internal validity refers to and identify one example of a threat to internal validity.

Answer 3

Internal validity typically refers holistically to the entire study and whether the experiment limited confounds and threats.Strong internal validity of a study allows researchers to be confident in the explanations generated from the results.One threat to internal validity is history and this is due to an external event-such as World War II,the Great Depression,the September 11^th attacks,among many others-that occur and potentially bias or influence participants' responses.These tend to be among generations and cohorts and limit comparing these participants to others who did not experience the same external event.

Question 4

Provide a simple example of maturation.

Question 5

Describe the potential solutions to the following order effects: practice effect and fatigue effect.

Question 6

Define longitudinal design and describe an example of such a design.

Question 7

What is counterbalancing and how does it help minimize order effects?

Question 8

Describe the Rosenberg self-esteem scale used in the study throughout Chapter 10 and how you would interpret participant's scores.

Question 9

What is the difference between a repeated-measures analysis of variance and a t-test for dependent means?

Question 10

Describe the possible solutions to the following threats to internal validity: maturation and testing effects.

Question 11

Describe attrition and provide an example of when it is likely within an experiment.

Question 12

Define instrumentation and provide an example.

Question 13

What is the difference between a one-way ANOVA and a repeated-measures ANOVA?

Question 14

What is the sensitization effect?

Question 15

What information is included in a write up for a t-test for dependent means?