Deck 6: Observational Research: Part 2

Question 1

The book,My Freshman Year: What a Professor Learned by Becoming a Student,is a prime example of:

A) laboratory observation.
B) systematic observation.
C) analogue observation.
D) participant observation.

Answer 1

participant observation.

Question 2

MTV's The Real World was a reality show that premiered in 1992.Research suggests that reactivity _____ as individuals such as those on The Real World become accustomed to being observed.

A) increases
B) diminishes
C) stays the same
D) becomes absent

Answer 2

diminishes

Question 3

Studies that involve active deception and concealment rarely _____ at the beginning of a study.

A) provide informed consent
B) operationalize variables
C) obtain IRB approval
D) discuss ethical obligations

Answer 3

provide informed consent

Question 4

A trial run used to assess and refine the design,methods,and instruments for a study is called:

A) informed consent.
B) a pilot test
C) debriefing.
D) interval testing.

Question 5

Which of the following is the symbol for median?

A) M
B) Mo
C) Mdn
D) kappa

Question 6

Bernardo received grant funding to transform his lab to look like a daycare room,equipped with toys,decorations,and staff.Bernardo wanted to ensure a high degree of _____ validity in his laboratory experiments.

A) external
B) internal
C) ecological
D) peripheral

Question 7

Which of the following variables would pose the most challenges to a naturalistic observation?

A) automatic thoughts
B) discipline behaviors
C) clothing styles
D) nonverbal language

Question 8

The most frequently occurring score in a set of data is referred to as the:

A) mean.
B) median.
C) deviation.
D) mode.

Question 9

Approximately _____ countries have banned the use of physical punishment,such as spanking,on moral grounds.

A) 20
B) 22
C) 24
D) 26

Question 10

If a variable is labeled "high" or "low" in a coding system,that variable is:

A) continuous.
B) categorical.
C) ordinal.
D) interval.

Question 11

Which of the following would NOT be considered a situational factor?

A) setting
B) weather
C) time of day
D) socioeconomic status

Question 12

Bribes,operationally defined as verbal promises to give a child something,are considered:

A) negative reinforcement.
B) negative punishment.
C) positive reinforcement.
D) positive punishment.

Question 13

Descriptive statistics do NOT permit:

A) one to draw conclusions beyond the data.
B) objectivity in the data.
C) description of the data.
D) analysis of the data.

Question 14

When using bar charts to represent data,bar lengths are _____ the values they represent.

A) greater than
B) proportional to
C) less than
D) double

Question 15

The average total yards run by the university's football team refers to the:

A) median.
B) mode.
C) standard deviation.
D) mean.

Question 16

The consensus between two observers' ratings of the same event is referred to as:

A) intra-observer reliability.
B) inter-observer reliability.
C) pilot testing.
D) interval recording.

Question 17

Artificially introducing a variable that is of interest to the researchers and then observing the consequences is a:

A) blind observation.
B) continuous observation.
C) analogue observation.
D) contrived observation.

Question 18

A value that best represents all of the other values for a particular variable is referred to as:

A) a continuous value.
B) central tendency.
C) a categorical value.
D) a frequency distribution.

Question 19

Cohen's _____ coefficient is a statistical measure of inter-observer agreement between two observers for categorical items.

A) delta
B) alpha
C) kappa
D) theta

Question 20

Shirley and Lorene are lab assistants helping to code behaviors in an experiment.The main researcher has not informed them as to the overall purpose of these observations.This is an example of:

A) blind observation.
B) concealment.
C) intra-observer reliability.
D) laboratory observation.