Question 1

Each of the following is a processing error that leads to natural flaws in the way people think,EXCEPT:&#10;A) the representativeness heuristic.&#10;B) the confirmation bias.&#10;C) the better-than-average effect.&#10;D) replication.

Accepted Answer

Replication is not a processing error or a flaw in thinking, but rather a methodological process in research to ensure the reliability and validity of findings by repeating experiments or studies. The other options listed are all cognitive biases or heuristics that can lead to natural flaws in thinking.

Question 2

_____ is gaining knowledge with the use of systematic observation,experience,or measurement.&#10;A) Empirical research&#10;B) Pseudoscience&#10;C) Nonempirical research&#10;D) Introspection

Accepted Answer

Empirical research involves the use of systematic observation, experience, or measurement to gain knowledge. This approach is based on the gathering of objective and quantifiable data, which can be analyzed using statistical methods to test hypotheses and support conclusions. In contrast, pseudoscience relies on untested or unproven claims and does not follow the methods of empirical research, while nonempirical research is based on subjective sources such as personal beliefs and opinions. Introspection involves the examination of one's own thoughts and feelings, but it is not a systematic or objective form of observation.

Question 3

A major goal of this research methods book is for students to learn how to:&#10;A) think differently.&#10;B) feel differently.&#10;C) behave differently.&#10;D) assume differently.

Accepted Answer

A major goal of research methods books is typically to teach students how to think differently, especially in terms of how they approach, analyze, and understand research and data.

Question 4

Psychology majors gain _____,which is the highly sought-after ability to plan,manage,organize,and follow-through on a task by paying attention to the nuances and details.&#10;A) critical thinking skills&#10;B) analytical ability&#10;C) communication skills&#10;D) project management skills

Accepted Answer

The ability to plan, manage, organize, and follow-through on a task is associated with project management skills, which are highly valued in the job market. Psychology majors develop this skill through their coursework, research, and practical experience.

Question 5

The primary avenue by which psychologists share their findings with the larger research community is through:&#10;A) word of mouth.&#10;B) journal articles.&#10;C) websites.&#10;D) infomercials.

Accepted Answer

Journal articles are the primary avenue by which psychologists share their findings with the larger research community. These articles are published in scholarly journals after undergoing a peer-review process to ensure the quality and validity of the research. Word of mouth and infomercials are not typically used to disseminate scientific research, and while some psychologists may share their work on websites or blogs, these are not considered the primary avenue for sharing research with the larger community.

Question 6

Which of the following is a career skill that studying research methods instills in students?&#10;A) emotional intelligence&#10;B) interpersonal acuity&#10;C) artistic ability&#10;D) critical thinking skills

Accepted Answer

Studying research methods instills critical thinking skills in students, which can be valuable in many different career paths. Emotional intelligence and interpersonal acuity are more related to social skills and communication, while artistic ability is related to creativity and aesthetics.

Question 7

All of the following are characteristics of a good scientist,EXCEPT:&#10;A) skepticism.&#10;B) open-mindedness.&#10;C) subjectivity.&#10;D) creativity.

Accepted Answer

Subjectivity is not a characteristic of a good scientist. In fact, good scientists strive to be as objective as possible in their work, minimizing personal biases and emotions. The other choices (skepticism, open-mindedness, and creativity) are all important qualities of a good scientist.

Question 8

_____ is a strategy for judging the likelihood of an event based on how easily one can think of similar instances.&#10;A) Covariation&#10;B) Confirmation bias&#10;C) Availability heuristic&#10;D) Representativeness heuristic

Accepted Answer

The availability heuristic is a mental shortcut where people make judgments about the likelihood of an event based on how easily examples come to mind. Therefore, the probability of an event is judged by the ease with which relevant instances come to mind. This can often lead to biased judgments because people tend to overestimate the likelihood of events that are more memorable or vivid.

Question 9

Applied research:&#10;A) is dedicated to solving a problem and helping people improve their quality of life.&#10;B) uses minimal design to explore a phenomenon.&#10;C) is dedicated to expanding the existing knowledge on a topic.&#10;D) incorporates sophisticated research methodology and design to investigate a topic.

Accepted Answer

Applied research is focused on using research techniques to solve real-world problems and improve people's lives. This type of research is often driven by practical concerns and a desire to make a meaningful impact in a particular field, such as education, healthcare, or social policy. Applied research may use advanced research methods and design, but its primary goal is to address practical problems and improve outcomes for individuals and communities.

Question 10

Jerico attended the Kentucky Derby but decided not to bet on any of the horses.When American Pharoah won,he said to his friends,"I should have put money on that horse,because I knew he was going to win!" Jerico's behavior is an example of:

A) the availability heuristic.
B) the representativeness heuristic.
C) hindsight bias.
D) the overconfidence phenomenon.

Accepted Answer

Jerico's behavior is an example of hindsight bias, which refers to the tendency to overestimate one's ability to have predicted an outcome after the outcome is known.

Question 11

According to the representativeness heuristic,which of the following are you most likely to think of as an Olympic athlete?&#10;A) a curvaceous woman in her mid-30s&#10;B) a physically fit man in his early 20s&#10;C) an elderly woman who wears her hair in a bun&#10;D) a middle-aged man who is overweight

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the representativeness heuristic,which of the...

Question 12

Which of the following classes relies the heaviest on using the scientific method to answer questions?&#10;A) biopsychology&#10;B) abnormal psychology&#10;C) developmental psychology&#10;D) research methods

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following classes relies the...

Question 13

Fiona wants to study motivation for achievement by asking her friends to reflect on their own drives for success.In this example,Fiona is using which research technique?&#10;A) introspection&#10;B) experiment&#10;C) pseudoscience&#10;D) the scientific method

Accepted Answer

The answer of Fiona wants to study motivation for achievement...

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of the better-than-average effect?&#10;A) Most people think they drive better than other people.&#10;B) People often seek to confirm their current opinions.&#10;C) Individuals maintain beliefs even in the face of contradictory evidence.&#10;D) People often prioritize some information while undervaluing other information in a given situation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is an example...

Question 15

The _____ you believe pseudoscience claims,the _____ likely you are to make well-informed decisions.&#10;A) more;more&#10;B) more;less&#10;C) less;more&#10;D) less;less

Accepted Answer

The answer of The _____ you believe pseudoscience claims,the _____...

Question 16

The availability heuristic is responsible for people's tendency to overestimate memorable occurrences like each of the following,EXCEPT:&#10;A) plane crashes.&#10;B) car accidents.&#10;C) shark attacks.&#10;D) earthquakes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The availability heuristic is responsible for people's...

Question 17

Generally speaking,human thinking is _____ flawed.&#10;A) not&#10;B) a little&#10;C) very&#10;D) all

Accepted Answer

The answer of Generally speaking,human thinking is _____ flawed.&#10;A) not&#10;B)...

Question 18

In psychology,how do researchers avoid making mistakes?&#10;A) They trust their gut instinct,but only when it is strong.&#10;B) They use deliberate and conscientious approaches.&#10;C) They base findings off the anecdotal evidence of respected others.&#10;D) They use their personal experience as evidence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In psychology,how do researchers avoid making mistakes?&#10;A)...

Question 19

Penny is a smoker.Although she has heard of the data linking smoking to lung cancer and emphysema,she does not feel concerned.Penny's belief that she will not get sick is an example of:&#10;A) the availability heuristic.&#10;B) the representativeness heuristic.&#10;C) the overconfidence phenomenon.&#10;D) hindsight bias.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Penny is a smoker.Although she has heard...

Question 20

Using appropriate research methods to examine how people think,feel,and behave is important because:&#10;A) it decrease the likelihood that we draw empirically sound conclusions.&#10;B) it decreases the likelihood that we make poor decisions.&#10;C) biases in how we think make the study of psychology more like real life.&#10;D) it makes us more likely to use the availability heuristic.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Using appropriate research methods to examine how...

Deck 1: Psychology As Science: Part 1