Deck 2: Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

Question 1

Which of the following pairs of compounds can be used to illustrate the law of multiple proportions?

A) CaO and CaCl₂
B) NO and NO₂
C) H₂O and HI
D) CH₄ and CO₂
E) NH₃ and NBr₃

Answer 1

NO and NO₂

Question 2

Which are alkaline earth halides?

A) MgO, MgS, CaO
B) NaI, KBr, LiF
C) CaF₂, MgBr₂, SrI₂
D) Al₂O₃, In₂O₃, Ga₂S₃
E) PbI₂, PbBr₂, CdF₂

Answer 2

CaF₂, MgBr₂, SrI₂

Question 3

An element's most stable ion forms an ionic compound with chlorine having the formula XCl₂. If the mass number of the ion is 24 and it has 10 electrons, what is the element and how many neutrons does it have?

A) Mg, 12 neutrons
B) Ne, 16 neutrons
C) O, 16 neutrons
D) Ne, 14 neutrons
E) Na, 11 neutrons

Answer 3

Mg, 12 neutrons

Question 4

Which one of the following statements about atomic structure is false?

A) Almost all of the mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus.
B) The protons and neutrons in the nucleus are very tightly packed.
C) The number of protons and the number of neutrons are always the same in the neutral atom.
D) The electrons occupy a very large volume compared to the nucleus.

Question 5

Which of the following atomic symbols is incorrect?

A) (³¹₁₅P)
B) (²⁰₁₀Ne)
C) (³⁴₁₇Cl)
D) (³⁹₁₉K)
E) (¹³₆N)

Question 6

Which element does not belong to the family or classification indicated?

A) I, halogen
B) K, alkali metal
C) Sn, lanthanides
D) Ar, noble gas
E) Fe, transition metal

Question 7

The ion ³¹P^3- has

A) 15 protons, 15 neutrons, 12 electrons
B) 15 protons, 15 neutrons, 3 electrons
C) 15 protons, 31 neutrons, 15 electrons
D) 15 protons, 16 neutrons, 18 electrons
E) 15 protons, 15 neutrons, 15 electrons

Question 8

Which among the following represent a set of isotopes? Atomic nuclei containing
I. 20 protons and 20 neutrons.
II. 21 protons and 19 neutrons.
III. 22 neutrons and 18 protons.
IV. 20 protons and 22 neutrons.
V. 21 protons and 20 neutrons.

A) I, V
B) III, IV
C) I, II, III
D) I, IV and II, V
E) No isotopes are indicated.

Question 9

According to the law of definite proportions,

A) the ratio of the masses of the elements in a compound is always the same.
B) it is not possible for the same two elements to form more than one compound.
C) if the same two elements form two different compounds, they do so in the same ratio.
D) the total mass after a chemical change is the same as before the change.

Question 10

Which of the experiments listed below did not provide the information stated about the nature of the atom?

A) The Rutherford experiment proved that the Thomson "plum pudding" model of the atom was essentially correct.
B) The Rutherford experiment determined the charge on the nucleus.
C) The cathode-ray tube proved that electrons have a negative charge.
D) Millikan's oil-drop experiment showed that the charge on any particle was a simple multiple of the charge on the electron.

Question 11

The ion ¹²⁷I^- has

A) 53 protons, 74 neutrons, 52 electrons
B) 53 protons, 74 neutrons, 54 electrons
C) 53 protons, 53 neutrons, 53 electrons
D) 53 protons, 74 neutrons, 53 electrons
E) 53 protons, 127 neutrons, 54 electrons

Question 12

The element rhenium (Re) exists as two stable isotopes and 18 unstable isotopes. Rhenium-185 has in its nucleus

A) 75 protons, 110 neutrons.
B) 75 protons, 75 neutrons.
C) 75 protons, 130 neutrons.
D) 130 protons, 75 neutrons.
E) not enough information is given.

Question 13

When 3.0 L of hydrogen gas (H₂) reacts with 1.0 L of nitrogen gas (N₂), 2.0 L of gaseous product is formed. All volumes of gases are measured at the same temperature and pressure. What is the formula of the product?

A) NH
B) NH₄
C) N₂H₃
D) N₃H
E) NH₃

Question 14

Which of the following represents a pair of isotopes?

A) (¹⁵₇N, ¹⁵₈O)
B) (¹²₆C, ¹³₆C)
C) (¹⁸₈O, ¹⁹₉F)
D) (³²₁₆S, ³²₁₆S^2-)
E) (O₂, O₃)

Question 15

Which of the following statements is(are) true?
I. O and F have the same number of neutrons.
II. C and N are isotopes of each other because their mass numbers are the same.
III. O^2- has the same number of electrons as Ne.

A) I only
B) II only
C) III only
D) I and II only
E) I and III only

Question 16

Which of the following statements is(are) true?
I. The number of protons is the same for all neutral atoms of an element.
II. The number of electrons is the same for all neutral atoms of an element.
III. The number of neutrons is the same for all neutral atoms of an element.

A) I, II, and III are all true.
B) I, II, and III are all false.
C) Only I and II are true.
D) Only I and III are true.
E) Only II and III are true.

Question 17

How many of the following did Dalton not discuss in his atomic theory?
I. isotopes
II. ions
III. protons
IV. neutrons
V. electrons

A) 2
B) 5
C) 4
D) 1
E) 3

Question 18

An ion is formed
I. by either adding protons to or subtracting protons from the atom.
II. by either adding electrons to or subtracting electrons from the atom.
III. by either adding neutrons to or subtracting neutrons from the atom.

A) Only I is true.
B) Only II is true.
C) Only III is true.
D) All of the statements are true.
E) Two of the statements are true.

Question 19

Which is the symbol for the isotope of nitrogen that has 7 protons and 8 neutrons?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 20

How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does the atom ³¹P have?

A) 16 protons, 15 neutrons, 16 electrons
B) 15 protons, 15 neutrons, 31 electrons
C) 16 protons, 16 neutrons, 15 electrons
D) 15 protons, 15 neutrons, 15 electrons
E) 15 protons, 16 neutrons, 15 electrons

Question 21

Select the group of symbols that would correctly complete the following statements, respectively. ___ is the heaviest noble gas.
___ is the transition metal that has 24 electrons as a 3+ ion.
___ is the halogen in the third period.
___ is the alkaline earth metal that has 18 electrons as a stable ion.

A) Rn, Cr, Br, Ca
B) Ra, Sc, Br, K
C) Ra, Co, Cl, K
D) Rn, Co, Cl, Ca

Question 22

Name the following compounds:
CCl₄

Question 23

Which of the following is not the correct chemical formula for the compound named?

A) Fe₃SO₄ iron(III) sulfate
B) BaBr₂ barium bromide
C) Li₂O lithium oxide
D) HCl hydrogen chloride
E) Mg₃N₂ magnesium nitride

Question 24

Which is not the correct chemical formula for the compound named?

A) iron(II) oxide FeO
B) potassium sulfate K₂SO₄
C) ammonium sulfide NH₄S
D) zinc nitrate Zn(NO₃)₂
E) magnesium carbonate MgCO₃

Question 25

Which formula is not correct?

A) LiF
B) Ba(NO₂)₂
C) ZnBr
D) NaC₂H₃O₂
E) CaO

Question 26

Name the following compounds:
NH₄NO₃

Question 27

Complete the following table.

Question 28

Name the following compounds:
K₂Cr₂O₇

Question 29

______ form ions with a 2+ charge when they react with nonmetals.

A) Halogens
B) Noble gases
C) Alkaline earth metals
D) Alkali metals
E) None of these choices

Question 30

Which of the following formulas is not correct?

A) Ba(OH)₂
B) LiO
C) NaBr
D) CsCl
E) MgSO₃

Question 31

Name the following compounds:
NaH

Question 32

Complete the following table.

Question 33

Which of the following is not the correct chemical formula for the compound named?

A) HF hydrogen fluoride
B) MgO magnesium oxide
C) Fe₃PO₄ iron(III) phosphate
D) Li₂O lithium oxide
E) BaCl₂ barium chloride

Question 34

Which of the following is not the correct name for the formula given?

A) HClO hypochlorous acid
B) Cr₂O₃ chromium(III) oxide
C) NCl₃ nitrogen trichloride
D) CoO cobalt(II) oxide
E) CaSO₄ calcium sulfite

Question 35

Which of the following is not the correct chemical formula for the compound named?

A) Al(OH)₂ aluminum hydroxide
B) Mg(C₂H₃O₂)₂ magnesium acetate
C) ZnS zinc sulfide
D) Fe₂O₃ iron(III) oxide
E) LiCN lithium cyanide

Question 36

Which is the correct formula for gold(I) sulfide?

A) AuS
B) AuS₂
C) Au₂S₂
D) Au₂S
E) Au₂S₃

Question 37

Which of the following is not the correct name for the formula given?

A) PCl₅ phosphorus pentachoride
B) Fe₂O₃ iron(III) oxide
C) HClO hypochlorous acid
D) BaSO₃ barium sulfate
E) CoO cobalt(II) oxide

Question 38

What is the correct formula for chromium(VI) oxide?

A) CrO₆
B) CrO₂
C) Cr₂O₃
D) Cr₆O
E) CrO₃

Question 39

Name the following compounds:
Al₂(SO₄)₃

Question 40

What is the correct formula for barium phosphate?

A) Ba₂PO₄
B) Ba₃(PO₄)₂
C) Ba₂(PO₄)₃
D) Ba₃PO₄
E) BaPO₄

Question 41

Name the following compounds:
CaSO₄

Question 42

Which nuclide has more protons than neutrons?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 43

Name the following compounds:
HNO₃

Question 44

Write the names of the following compounds:

A) FeSO₄__________________________________________
B)NaC₂H₃O₂__________________________________________
C) KNO₂__________________________________________
D) Ca(OH)₂__________________________________________
E) NiCO₃__________________________________________

Question 45

An isotope of an element is formed
I. by adding protons to, or removing protons from, the atom.
II. by adding neutrons to, or removing neutrons from, the atom.
III. by adding electrons to, or removing electrons from, the atom.

A) Only I is true
B) Only II is true
C) Only III is true
D) All of the statements are true
E) Two of the statements are true

Question 46

Write the formula for:
sulfurous acid

Question 47

Name the following compounds:
N₂O₃

Question 48

Write the formula for:
aluminum hydroxide

Question 49

Write the chemical formulas for the following compounds or ions.

A) nitrate ion_________________
B) aluminum oxide_________________
C) ammonium ion_________________
D) perchloric acid_________________
E) copper(II) bromide_________________

Question 50

Write the formula for:
cobalt(II) chloride

Question 51

Write the formula for:
phosphoric acid

Question 52

Write the formula for:
sodium dichromate

Question 53

Write the formula for:
iron(III) oxide

Question 54

Write the formula for:
nitric acid

Question 55

Write the formula for:
dinitrogen trioxide

Question 56

Name the following compounds:
SnI₂

Question 57

Write the formula for:
hydrosulfuric acid

Question 58

Name the following compounds:
AgCl

Question 59

Write the formula for:
acetic acid

Question 60

Which statement or statements regarding Antoine Lavoisier and his discovery of the conservation of mass in chemical reactions must be false.

A) Lavoisier conducted his experiment in an apparatus that trapped all reaction products.
B) Lavoisier was able to make accurate mass measurements.
C) Lavoisier was able to make precise mass measurements.
D) Lavoisier did not trap gases in his experiments because their mass was negligible.
E) A and D

Question 61

The experiments of what two scientists were instrumental in determining the mass and charge of the electron?

A) Lavoisier and Dalton
B) Rutherford and Curie
C) Thompson and Rutherford
D) Millikan and Cannizzaro
E) Thompson and Millikan