Deck 3: Learning and HRD

Question 1

Feedback can be both informational and knowledge forming.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Kolb's Learning Style Inventory assesses an individual's orientation towards each of four modes of the learning process.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Gagne's five categories of human performance are all similar to one another.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Gerontology is the study of old age and aging.

Question 5

If a trainee views training as a remedial event they will learn less than if they view it as an opportunity to advance.

Question 6

Overlearning,or learning something beyond the point of mastery,is always a waste of time.

Question 7

Learning is defined as a short-term change in behavior.

Question 8

Component task achievement means that each task must be fully completed before the entire task is performed correctly.

Question 9

Experiencing negative events on the job prior to training can increase a person's motivation and performance in a training program.

Question 10

Declarative knowledge is forming a mental representation of the task.

Question 11

Expert performance is being very good at almost everything

Question 12

Interference refers to things you learned before the training session,as well as information received after the training.

Question 13

An example of stimulus variability would be allowing the trainees to practice on different types of stoves they may be asked to cook on at work.

Question 14

Cognitive architecture is the only determinant of how people process information.

Question 15

Practice alone will make for a strong association.

Question 16

Trainability is influenced by all of the following factors: motivation,ability,and your level of education.

Question 17

Individuals with low levels of cognitive playfulness are more affected by positive feedback than individuals with high levels of cognitive playfulness.

Question 18

Learning is defined as a permanent change in behavior,cognition,or affect.

Question 19

The attitude treatment interaction theory states that different kinds of training is suited to certain types of people.

Question 20

ACT* theory assumes that the learning process is the same regardless of the material being learned.

Question 21

Which of the following describes the extent to which a trainee can attach a similar meaning to events that occur both in the training session as well as on the job?

A)Environmental fidelity
B)Psychological fidelity
C)Physical fidelity
D)Marital fidelity

Question 22

According to cognitive resource allocation theory skills acquisition occurs in the following three phases?

A)learning knowledge,knowledge compilation,and procedural knowledge
B)declarative knowledge,knowledge compilation,and understanding
C)declarative knowledge,knowledge memorization,and procedural knowledge
D)declarative knowledge,knowledge compilation,and procedural knowledge

Question 23

A relatively permanent change in behavior,cognition or affect that occurs as a result of one's interaction with the environment is referred to as:

A)boundary spanning
B)learning
C)behavioral modeling
D)cognitive effect

Question 24

Conducting an eight-hour training program in one day is an example of:

A)Overlearning
B)Active practice
C)Massed practice
D)Spaced practice

Question 25

A student who studied for this exam for two hours a day for four days would most clearly be using (or demonstrating):

A)whole learning
B)spaced practice
C)overlearning
D)massed practice

Question 26

Overlearning

A)would be good for training emergency procedures (e.g.,CPR)
B)is a waste of the training budget
C)means that training stops once people have achieved basic mastery of the skill
D)means that the training is over the trainees head

Question 27

When learning a new language,pairing a new word with a picture of an object is an example of:

A)The law of effect
B)Contiguity
C)Reinforcement
D)Practice

Question 28

Which of the following is true of mental practice?

A)It involves the trainee repeatedly rehearsing the task to be learned
B)It is effective for both cognitive and physical tasks
C)It should be conducted outside of the training environment as one way to enhance performance
D)All of these statements are true of mental practice

Question 29

Which of the following is true of personality?

A)It is something that changes constantly
B)It does not affect training and is of no interest to trainers in how to conduct training
C)It is a key part of motivation theory
D)It is a stable set of personal characteristics that account for consistent patterns of behavior

Question 30

Trainability is thought to be influenced by all of the following factors EXCEPT:

A)The ability of trainees
B)Perceptions of the supportiveness of the work environment
C)The ability of the trainer to effectively communicate the content of training
D)The motivation level of trainees

Question 31

Research has shown that:

A)Only active practice can help learning
B)Mental practice does not help learning
C)Mental practice is more effective the shorter the time interval between rehearsal and performance
D)Practice is not an effective training for learning

Question 32

Which of the following does research show to be the least effective strategy for learning and retention?

A)Overlearning
B)Active practice
C)Massed practice
D)Spaced practice

Question 33

In choosing between whole versus part learning:

A)Whole learning is always better than part learning
B)Part learning is always better then whole learning
C)The choice depends on the nature of the task to be learned
D)It simply does not matter which method you select

Question 34

Suppose an attribute-treatment interaction was found between the type of computer training provided (lecture versus self-paced)and the learning styles of different trainees.In particular,trainees who were strong in Abstract Conceptualization (AC)did much better in the self-paced training than did trainees who scored lower on this attribute.Based on this,if the trainer wants the most effective outcomes possible,which of the following statements is TRUE?

A)all trainees should receive lecture-based training
B)all trainees should receive self-paced training
C)trainees who score low on AC should not be placed in the self-paced training condition
D)trainees who score low on AC should not be placed in the lecture-based training

Question 35

Learning to ride a bike is an example of which of the following types of learning?

A)skill-based
B)cognitive
C)affective
D)physical maturation

Question 36

Active practice involves

A)The trainee repeatedly performing the task to be learned
B)The trainee mentally rehearsing what is being learned
C)Both A and B are active practice
D)Neither A or B is active practice

Question 37

The argument that teaching adults requires a different set of instructional techniques than those typically used to teach children is called:

A)gerontology
B)andragogy
C)pedagogy
D)contiguity

Question 38

When something that you learned prior to training inhibits your recall of the newly-learned material,it is called:

A)interference
B)meaningfulness
C)physical fidelity
D)zero transfer

Question 39

Describing the learning goal,analyzing the initial state of the learner,finding out what conditions foster learning,and monitoring and assessing progress are part of what field of learning?

A)Social psychology
B)Educational psychology
C)Organizational behavior
D)Instructional psychology

Question 40

Gagne argued that training could be improved using three principles.They are:

A)Task association,component task achievement,task sequencing
B)Task analysis,component task achievement,task spacing
C)Task analysis,component task achievement,task sequencing
D)Task analysis,component task analysis,task sequencing

Question 41

Which of the following is true of the degree of original learning?

A)It does not influence retention
B)Information that is initially learned is better retained
C)It does not reinforce the research on learning
D)It is easy to learn things that you have no experience with ​

Question 42

The law of effect means that:

A)many people are motivated by punishment
B)rewards can still be achieved by those with bad behavior
C)punishable behavior is usually repeated due to the enjoyment factor
D)we repeat actions that give us a pleasurable consequence

Question 43

Which is true about 'near transfer' and 'far transfer' of training?

A)Near transfer is training that can be applied right away to the job
B)Far transfer is training that can be applied right away to the job
C)Near transfer is also called 'skill generalization'
D)Far transfer is also called 'skill reproduction'

Question 44

According to Lim and Johnson the number one reason for failure of training to transfer to work was:

A)A bad instructor in the training process
B)A poor quality video was shown during a training lecture
C)Lack of effective handouts to illustrate work processes
D)Lack of practice in the actual work environment

Question 45

Which of the following is true of 'traditional' learners?

A)They are highly motivated to learn
B)The tend to focus on getting good grades
C)They question presented content
D)They tend to be practical and are interested in relevant content

Question 46

The theory of instruction that focuses on the kinds of things people learn and how they learn them,arguing that there is not one best way to learn everything is known as:

A)Myers-Briggs Theory
B)Maslow's Theory
C)Gagne-Brigg's Theory
D)Senge's Social Leaning Theory

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT a principle to follow when training older workers?

A)Older workers can and do develop
B)Supervisors need to be aware of their own bias about not training older workers
C)The organization does not need to pay attention to the rewards structure for learning new skills
D)Training must be considered within a total career perspective

Question 48

A learning situation where tasks are arranged so that each task is learned in the appropriate order before the total task is attempted is called:

A)task analysis
B)component task achievement
C)step learning
D)task sequencing

Question 49

Training a firefighter to do their job by showing them videos of a fire,rather than active training,would violate the principle of:

A)Transfer of training
B)Identical elements
C)Contiguity
D)Fidelity

Question 50

An experienced plumber is having trouble learning the installation of a new product that has been requested by many of his new clients.He can install the old model with ease but it has been discontinued.This is an example of which of the following?

A)meaningfulness of training
B)degree of original material
C)interference
D)transfer or training

Question 51

Which of the following is true about transfer of training?

A)Zero transfer means nothing changed after training
B)Positive transfer means performance got worse after training
C)Negative transfer means performance got better after training
D)None of the above are true

Question 52

Change as it applies to learning is defined as:

A)acquiring something new
B)modifying something that already exists
C)long-lasting before it can be said that learning has really occurred
D)All of the above are correct definitions

Question 53

Andragogy is based on all of the following assumptions about adults EXCEPT:

A)adults are self-motivated
B)adults have acquired a large amount of experience that can be used a resource
C)adults look to apply learned tasks later in life
D)adults are motivated to learn

Question 54

The meaningfulness of material,the degree of original learning,and interference influences which of the following?

A)retention
B)initial learning
C)task performance
D)mastery

Question 55

Before training Joe produced 20 widgets per day.Four months after training he is producing 30 widgets per day.This is an example of:

A)Zero transfer
B)Positive transfer
C)Negative transfer
D)None of the above

Question 56

Which of the following is true of learning styles?

A)They tend to be the same for all people at the same age level
B)They explain why some individuals are more comfortable and successful with some training approaches
C)They are the same as a mode of learning
D)They are unimportant to consider when training adults

Question 57

Which of the following has to do with the ability to directly apply,back on the job,what has been learned in training with little or no modification?

A)positive transfer
B)near transfer
C)far transfer
D)immediate transfer

Question 58

Which of the following is true of 'non-traditional' learners?

A)They need to be motivated to learn
B)They tend to focus on getting good grades
C)They do not question presented content
D)They tend to be practical and are interested in relevant content

Question 59

Which of the following is correct?

A)Concrete experiences focuses on thinking
B)Abstract conceptualization focuses on feeling
C)Reflective observation focuses on watching
D)Active experimentation focuses on feeling and watching

Question 60

For individual trainees a learning curve will be:

A)The same - curving sharply upward at first and then slowing down
B)Different for all trainees
C)The same - curving sharply downward at first and then speeding up
D)The same - curving sharply upward at first and then speeding up

Question 61

Kolb's learning strategies include all of the following EXCEPT:

A)Rehearsal strategies
B)Organizational strategies
C)Team work strategies
D)Comprehension monitoring strategies

Question 62

Trainability testing is used to determine if the trainees have which of the following?

A)Basic principles and language skills
B)Intelligence and language skills
C)Motivation and skill knowledge
D)Motivation and ability

Question 63

According to the ACT* theory knowing what to do is described as which of the following?

A)Process knowledge
B)Acquired knowledge
C)Declarative knowledge
D)Procedural knowledge

Question 64

Gestalt psychologists believe that learning occurs by:

A)Insight or epiphany
B)Trial and error
C)Association of facts and ideas
D)Practice

Question 65

Which of the following is NOT one of Gagne's categories of human performance?

A)Attitudes
B)Motor skills
C)Technical skills
D)Verbal information

Question 66

The VARK stands for:

A)Video - aural - read/write - kinesthetic
B)Visual - aural - read/write - kinesthetic
C)Visual - aural - read/write - know and tell
D)Visual - aural - reflect - kinesthetic

Question 67

Supervisor support for training includes all of the following EXCEPT:

A)Goal setting
B)Encouragement to attend training
C)Team building
D)Reinforcement for attending training

Question 68

According to Kluger and DeNisi which of the following is NOT a level of control that individuals go through when learning and performing tasks?

A)Self-regulatory action
B)Self analysis
C)Task learning
D)Task motivation

Question 69

Ability and self-efficacy are better predictors of performance:

A)Late in the skill acquisition phase
B)Early in the skills acquisition phase
C)At all phases of skill acquisition
D)They are never good predictors

Question 70

A continuous-learning work environment means that:

A)Supervisors require training each week for all members of their work team
B)Training goes on every day
C)Members share perceptions that learning is an important part of everyday work life
D)Training is rewarded by paying bonuses each week

Question 71

James and Galbraith's seven primary perceptual preferences include:

A)The VARK
B)Reflective and perceptive
C)Aural,visual and olfactory
D)Thinking and sensing

Question 72

Research suggests that experts develop what through experience?

A)A reputation as an expert
B)Self-efficacy
C)More knowledge
D)Self-regulation and control strategies

Question 73

Exceptional performance is acquired through which of the following?

A)Deliberate practice
B)Trial and error
C)Age and seniority
D)Formal education

Question 74

Increasing the likelihood that training will transfer back to the job uses all of the following EXCEPT:

A)Provide support in the work environment
B)Develop and state only general learning objectives
C)Provide opportunity to perform what is learned on the job
D)Use a variety of examples including both positive and negative examples