Deck 14: Bronchiectasis

Question 1

Irregularly dilated and constricted bronchi are the key anatomic alterations found in which type of bronchiectasis?

A) Cystic
B) Varicose
C) Tubular
D) Saccular

Answer 1

Varicose

Question 2

Rigid and dilated bronchi are the key anatomic alterations found in which type of bronchiectasis?

A) Varicose
B) Cystic
C) Emphysematous
D) Cylindrical

Answer 2

Cylindrical

Question 3

One of the main challenges in caring for a patient with bronchiectasis is:

A) contending with bronchospasm.
B) removing excessive bronchopulmonary secretions.
C) returning the FRC to within normal limits.
D) maximizing gas exchange across the alveolar-capillary membrane.
E) rehydrating dried secretions.

Answer 3

removing excessive bronchopulmonary secretions.

Question 4

Severe bronchiectasis is associated with all of the following EXCEPT:

A) vesicular breath sounds.
B) cor pulmonale.
C) distended neck veins.
D) polycythemia.

Question 5

Congenital causes of bronchiectasis include:

A) influenza.
B) cystic fibrosis.
C) COPD.
D) rheumatic disease.

Question 6

A patient with long-standing bronchiectasis also has pneumonia. Which of the following hematology test results would be expected?
1) Decreased red blood cell (RBC) count
2) Decreased white blood cell (WBC) count
3) Elevated WBC count
4) Increased hemoglobin and hematocrit

A) 1, 2
B) 3, 4
C) 2, 4
D) 1, 3, 4

Question 7

The preferred radiographic method to evaluate a patient's bronchiectasis is:

A) posterior-anterior radiograph (x-ray).
B) anterior-posterior radiograph (x-ray).
C) computed tomography (CT).
D) bronchogram.

Question 8

Management of the patient with bronchiectasis may include:
1) expectorants.
2) early childhood immunizations.
3) lung resection.
4) lung transplant.

A) 1, 3
B) 3, 4
C) 1, 2, 3
D) 1, 2, 3, 4

Question 9

Which of the following is the hallmark of bronchiectasis?

A) Chronic cough with production of large quantities of foul-smelling sputum
B) Bronchospasm
C) Decreased DLCO with normal to decreased expiratory flow rates on pulmonary function
D) Dyspnea on exertion

Question 10

For religious reasons, a young couple has not given their 4-year-old daughter the usual childhood immunizations. She has been repeatedly hospitalized with pulmonary infections. What should the respiratory therapist caring for the child tell the parents that the child is at risk of developing?

A) Chronic bronchitis
B) Asthma
C) Bronchiectasis
D) Left ventricular hypertrophy

Question 11

Which of the following is the usual characteristic of the sputum of a patient with bronchiectasis?

A) It is usually sweet or musky smelling.
B) When examined microscopically there are Kirshman's spirals.
C) It contains eosinophils.
D) It is usually voluminous and tends to settle into several different layers.

Question 12

Which form of bronchiectasis causes the greatest amount of damage to the tracheobronchial tree?

A) Triphasic
B) Varicose
C) Cystic
D) Fusiform

Question 13

Which of the following pulmonary function testing values would be found in a patient with severe, obstructive bronchiectasis?

A) Decreased RV/TLC ratio
B) Increased PEFR
C) Increased FEF25%-75%
D) Decreased FEF25%-75%

Question 14

Patients with bronchiectasis can have which of the following anatomic alterations?
1) Hyperinflation
2) Pulmonary embolism
3) Consolidation
4) Pneumothorax

A) 1, 3
B) 1, 4
C) 2, 3, 4
D) 1, 2, 3

Question 15

A mother brought her 2-year-old son to the physician. He has been coughing up secretions and having wheezy breathing ever since choking on food 6 months ago. The physician diagnosed the boy with bronchiectasis. What could be the cause?

A) Cystic fibrosis
B) Measles
C) Asthma
D) Aspiration

Question 16

A patient with severe bronchiectasis may show all of the following signs EXCEPT:

A) distended neck veins.
B) pitting edema.
C) enlarged and tender liver.
D) S₃ heart sound.

Question 17

Which of the following should a patient with bronchiectasis do to reduce the risk of the condition worsening?
1) Avoid air pollution.
2) Get an influenza vaccination.
3) Take an antibiotic every day.
4) Avoid smoking.

A) 3, 4
B) 1, 2, 4
C) 2, 3, 4
D) 1, 2, 3, 4

Question 18

In developed countries, the most common cause of acquired bronchiectasis is:

A) emphysema.
B) lung abscess.
C) cystic fibrosis.
D) pulmonary fibrosis.