Deck 20: Endocrine System

Question 1

Steroid hormones always have the same complex of four carbon rings.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Which of the following is not an endocrine gland?

A)hypothalamus
B)salivary glands
C)pituitary
D)thyroid
E)adrenal cortex

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following endocrine glands does NOT produce its own hormones,but stores hormones produced by the hypothalamus?

A)thyroid
B)adrenal cortex
C)adrenal medulla
D)posterior pituitary
E)anterior pituitary

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The production of hormones is usually controlled in what two ways?

A)positive and negative feedback mechanisms
B)neurosecretions and endocrine gland secretions
C)cooperative hormones and antagonist hormones
D)negative feedback and other hormone actions
E)positive feedback and cooperative hormones

Question 5

Which three endocrine glands are affected by hormones from the anterior pituitary?

A)thymus,adrenal cortex,gonads
B)thymus,parathyroids,pancreas
C)thyroid,adrenal cortex,gonads
D)adrenal cortex,gonads,pineal gland
E)pineal gland,pancreas,parathyroid

Question 6

Endocrine glands have no ducts.

Question 7

Which body system coordinates activities of body parts by releasing hormones into the blood?

A)nervous system
B)digestive system
C)respiratory system
D)circulatory system
E)endocrine system

Question 8

The hypothalamus controls the anterior pituitary via

A)nerve stimulation.
B)blood osmotic concentrations.
C)blood glucose concentrations.
D)hormones in a portal blood system.
E)ACTH.

Question 9

The role of the second messenger is to carry the message of the hormone on to surrounding cells.

Question 10

When Lauren reached the age of puberty,she did not undergo the expected changes.Today,at 17,she has still not undergone puberty.What endocrine gland could be the issue?

A)posterior pituitary
B)parathyroid
C)thymus
D)pancreas
E)adrenal cortex

Question 11

If a chemical agent acted to make the nuclear envelope pores impermeable to the passage of hormones,what effect would it have?

A)Neither steroid nor peptide hormones would be effective.
B)Steroid hormones would continue to be effective but peptide hormones would be ineffective.
C)Peptide hormones would continue to be effective but steroid hormones would be ineffective.
D)Both steroid and peptide hormones would continue to be effective.
E)It would depend on the cell being affected.

Question 12

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone

A)causes the mammary glands in the breasts to develop and produce milk.
B)is a major regulator of daily cycles and timing of puberty.
C)is in relatively high concentration in most humans.
D)causes dramatic skin color changes in some fish,amphibians,and reptiles.
E)is responsible for sleep and wake cycles.

Question 13

The part of the brain controlling the anterior pituitary gland secretions is the

A)medulla.
B)thalamus.
C)cerebral cortex.
D)hypothalamus.
E)cerebellum.

Question 14

Which statement is NOT true about steroid hormones?

A)It includes hormones such as estrogen.
B)It does not bind to cell surface receptors.
C)The hormone-receptor complex can enter the nucleus.
D)The hormone-receptor complex can bind to chromatin.
E)Steroid hormones act faster than peptide hormones.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a correct association?

A)thyroid-thyroxine
B)anterior pituitary-FSH and LH
C)adrenal gland-norepinephrine
D)posterior pituitary-growth hormone
E)pancreas-insulin

Question 16

Which of the following does not pertain to hormones?

A)are all carried in the bloodstream
B)affect the behavior by acting on the brain
C)influence the metabolism of cells
D)essential components of the body's response to stress
E)can promote cell division and mitosis

Question 17

In the following pairs,which lists the first messenger followed by a second messenger?

A)insulin; glucagon
B)ACTH; cortisol
C)TSH; thyroxin
D)glucose; insulin
E)peptide hormone; cAMP

Question 18

Which statement is NOT true about peptide hormones?

A)They are derived from peptides,proteins,polypeptides,and derivatives of amino acids.
B)They bind to receptors on the cell surface.
C)They initiate the formation of cyclic AMP inside the cell.
D)They create an enzyme cascade effect.
E)They enter the cell in order to have an effect.

Question 19

Jason is having problems with his metabolic rate.He cannot seem to burn calories and gains weight even on a severely reduced caloric intake.What endocrine gland is probably not involved in this problem?

A)anterior pituitary
B)thyroid
C)thymus
D)hypothalamus
E)pancreas

Question 20

In contrast to most other hormones,oxytocin has what unique property?

A)Oxytocin only has one effect on one tissue.
B)Oxytocin is a sex hormone found in equal amounts in both males and females.
C)The action of oxytocin builds in a positive feedback loop,rather than maintaining an equilibrium.
D)Oxytocin affects all cells in the human body,not just one target tissue.
E)Oxytocin is produced by the embryo and transferred across the placenta to the mother.

Question 21

When Rebekah went in to deliver her first child,her labor did not progress.The doctors gave her a hormone to speed the birthing process.Which hormone did they give her?

A)oxytocin
B)prolactin
C)ADH
D)HGH
E)epinephrine

Question 22

What hormones produced by the adrenal cortex regulate salt and water balance?

A)adrenal steroids
B)adrenalins
C)glucocorticoids
D)thymosins
E)mineralocorticoids

Question 23

Cortisone is derived from the hormone cortisol that is released from the

A)adrenal medulla.
B)adrenal cortex.
C)thyroid.
D)parathyroid.
E)posterior pituitary.

Question 24

Which of the following hormones is produced by the thyroid gland and controls blood calcium levels?

A)mineralocorticoids
B)parathyroid hormone
C)T₄
D)calcitonin
E)T₃

Question 25

Which statement is NOT correct about PTH?

A)When calcium level rises,PTH secretion is inhibited.
B)When calcium level lowers,PTH secretion is stimulated.
C)PTH has the opposite effect of calcitonin.
D)PTH stimulates calcium absorption from the gut.
E)PTH decreases the activity of osteoclasts.

Question 26

Which of the following hormones will allow us to react to emergency situations?

A)estrogen
B)progesterone
C)testosterone
D)atrial natriuretic hormone
E)norepinephrine

Question 27

Weakened bones can result from an oversecretion of the

A)thyroid gland.
B)adrenal gland.
C)pancreas.
D)parathyroid gland.
E)pituitary.

Question 28

Too much urine indicates

A)too little ADH.
B)too much ADH.
C)too little ACTH.
D)too much ACTH.
E)an imbalance between the ADH and ACTH levels.

Question 29

We purchase and consume iodized salt because the thyroid needs iodine and the lack of iodine interferes with thyroid function.

Question 30

Which of the following statements about T₃ and T₄ is not true?

A)T₄ has more potent activity than T₃.
B)They are both produced from tyrosine.
C)They are both considered peptide hormones.
D)T₃ contains 3 iodine atoms while T₄ contains 4 iodine atoms.
E)Both increase the metabolic rate.

Question 31

Which structure is NOT stimulated by the anterior pituitary?

A)thyroid
B)adrenal cortex
C)adrenal medulla
D)testes and ovaries
E)mammary glands

Question 32

In the past,the parathyroid glands were sometimes mistakenly removed during surgery when another part of the body was removed.Which part was intended to be removed?

A)thyroid
B)tonsils
C)adenoids
D)appendix
E)uterus

Question 33

Where are the adrenal glands located?

A)near the thyroid gland
B)near the kidneys
C)near the posterior pituitary
D)near the pancreas
E)near the gonads

Question 34

Which hormone stimulates the rate at which amino acids enter the cell,increasing protein synthesis?

A)oxytocin
B)melanocyte-stimulating hormone
C)anti-diuretic hormone
D)growth hormone
E)gonadotropic hormone

Question 35

Which hormone is mismatched?

A)thyroxin-thyroid
B)parathyroid-calcium
C)insulin-glucose
D)aldosterone-iodine
E)thymus-thymosin

Question 36

The thyroid is in the abdomen,on top of the kidneys.

Question 37

Which of the following glands has both an endocrine and an exocrine function?

A)mammary gland
B)pancreas
C)pituitary
D)adrenal gland
E)thyroid gland

Question 38

What is the cascade of events that follows a stress or trauma to produce adrenal reaction?

A)hypothalamus (ACTH-releasing hormone) $\rightarrow$ anterior pituitary (ACTH) $\rightarrow$ adrenal cortex (glucocorticoids)
B)hypothalamus (ACTH-releasing hormone) $\rightarrow$ anterior pituitary (ACTH) $\rightarrow$ adrenal medulla (epinephrine and norepinephrine)
C)anterior pituitary (ACTH) $\rightarrow$ hypothalamus (ACTH-releasing hormone) $\rightarrow$ adrenal medulla (epinephrine and norepinephrine)
D)adrenal cortex (glucocorticoids) $\rightarrow$ anterior pituitary (ACTH) $\rightarrow$ hypothalamus (ACTH-releasing hormone)
E)adrenal medulla (epinephrine and norepinephrine) $\rightarrow$ hypothalamus (ACTH-releasing hormone) $\rightarrow$ anterior pituitary (ACTH)

Question 39

Which of the following hormones is considered a glucocorticoid?

A)aldosterone
B)insulin
C)thyroxin
D)cortisol
E)parathyroid hormone

Question 40

The sex hormones produced by the gonads will create negative feedback and regulate the production of hormones from the anterior pituitary.

Question 41

The condition that results when there is an increased production of human growth hormone in an adult is termed

A)Cushing syndrome.
B)Addison disease.
C)gigantism.
D)dwarfism.
E)acromegaly.

Question 42

A hormone that acts on the hypothalamus to signal satiety is

A)melatonin.
B)thymosin.
C)leptin.
D)growth hormone.
E)prostaglandin.

Question 43

Leptin,growth factors,and prostaglandins are not produced by organs we call "glands."

Question 44

Which gland will produce melatonin?

A)pancreas
B)pineal gland
C)adrenal gland
D)thyroid gland
E)pituitary

Question 45

Exophthalmia can sometimes be cured by

A)injections of thyroid hormone.
B)adding iodine to the diet.
C)a pancreatic implant.
D)surgically removing a portion of the pancreas,or destroying part of it with radiation.
E)surgically removing a portion of the thyroid,or destroying part of it with radiation.

Question 46

Somatostatin is produced by the pancreas,stomach,and small intestine.

Question 47

Which is NOT a correct association for hormonal disorders?

A)acromegaly-overproduction of GH in adult
B)pituitary dwarf-too little GH produced during childhood
C)Cushing syndrome-oversecretion of ACTH due to an adrenal cortex tumor
D)diabetes-either the pancreas produces too much insulin or liver and muscle cells have too many receptors
E)goiter-thyroid is unable to produce thyroxine due to too little iodine in diet

Question 48

Which is NOT a correct association?

A)leptin-signals satiety
B)platelet-derived growth factor-increases the size of platelets
C)nerve growth factor-promotes growth of nerves
D)epidermal growth factor-stimulates growth of skin
E)granulocyte and macrophage colony-stimulating factor-helps stem cells decide on blood cell production

Question 49

College students are notorious for having a reversed day-night schedule.They stay up all night and sleep during the day.This alteration changes what hormone levels?

A)melatonin
B)leptin
C)growth hormone
D)testosterone in males; estrogen in females
E)prostaglandins

Question 50

Prostaglandins

A)are distributed by blood like other hormones.
B)cause muscles to relax.
C)alleviate pain.
D)are proteins produced in the brain.
E)act locally.

Question 51

One side effect of taking testosterone as a steroid to increase muscle bulk is that the testes often shrink.Since the testes also produce testosterone,what is the likely mechanism for this shrinkage?

A)The anterior pituitary assumes overproduction and drops the level of hormones that cause the testes to develop.
B)Artificial testosterone causes a negative feedback to the anterior pituitary that in turn tries to stimulate ovary development.
C)Testosterone has a negative feedback effect directly on testes.
D)Artificial testosterone is toxic to testicular cells.
E)Excess testosterone actually backfires and reverses the effects of puberty.

Question 52

A simple goiter can be prevented by

A)surgery to remove the thyroid gland.
B)removal of the pituitary.
C)administration of ACTH.
D)administration of insulin.
E)increasing intake of iodine in the diet.

Question 53

The beta cells of the pancreas produce somatostatin,the alpha cells produce glucagon,and the delta cells produce insulin.

Question 54

Aspirin interferes with the synthesis of which molecule?

A)leptin
B)growth factors
C)prostaglandins
D)melatonin
E)thymosins

Question 55

Which hormone will decrease blood glucose levels?

A)thyroxin
B)aldosterone
C)cortisol
D)insulin
E)glucagons

Question 56

Which of the following is not an effect of insulin?

A)The small intestine decreases the absorption of nutrients from the digestive tract.
B)The liver stores glucose from the blood as glycogen.
C)Muscle cells store glycogen and build protein.
D)Adipose tissue uses glucose from blood to form fat.
E)The glucose level drops.

Question 57

Which is NOT an effect of the hormone estrogen?

A)accumulation of a fat layer beneath the skin
B)pelvic girdle grows wider
C)breast development
D)egg maturation and menstrual cycle control
E)growth of hair and muscular tissue

Question 58

Oversecretion of thyroid hormone results in

A)Cushing syndrome.
B)Addison disease.
C)Graves disease.
D)a simple goiter.
E)acromegaly.

Question 59

Glucagon stimulates the liver to take up glucose in order to store it as glycogen.

Question 60

Older people tend to be more susceptible to infections because their immune systems get weaker.Which gland decreases in size as we age and could be responsible for this?

A)thymus
B)thyroid
C)parathyroid
D)pancreas
E)testes in male; ovaries in females

Question 61

Which statement is correct about the location of the parathyroid glands?

A)The parathyroid glands are located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland.
B)The parathyroid glands are located on the anterior surface of the thyroid gland.
C)The parathyroid glands are located on the posterior surface of the thymus gland.
D)The parathyroid glands are located on the anterior surface of the thymus gland.
E)The parathyroid glands are located on the superior surface of the thyroid gland.

Question 62

Type 1 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes in the United States.

Question 63

List and explain the role of the main growth factors.

Question 64

Which group of pituitary hormones will act upon other endocrine glands?

A)TSH,ACTH,and gonadotropic hormones
B)TSH,ADH,and gonadotropic hormones
C)oxytocin,ACTH,and gonadotropic hormones
D)ADH,oxytocin,and gonadotropic hormones
E)PRL,MSH,and gonadotropic hormones

Question 65

Which statement is correct about the role of the ovaries?

A)Under the influence of gonadotropic hormones,the ovaries produce eggs as well as estrogen and progesterone.
B)Under the influence of gonadotropic hormones,the ovaries produce eggs as well as androgens.
C)The gonadotropic hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary that will influence the ovaries to produce eggs as well as estrogen and progesterone.
D)Under the influence of gonadotropic hormones,the ovaries produce sperm as well as estrogen and progesterone.
E)Under the influence of gonadotropic hormones,the ovaries produce eggs as well as testosterone.

Question 66

What is the role of the epidermal growth factors?

A)stimulate the healing of wounds
B)increase the number of fibroblasts
C)increase the number of smooth muscle cells
D)Bone marrow stem cells form into different types of white blood cells.
E)increase the chances of developing a wound

Question 67

Which of the following symptoms is NOT characteristic of diabetes mellitus?

A)cells unable to take up glucose
B)increased breakdown of fats and protein
C)frequent urination
D)sugar in the urine
E)bronzing of the skin

Question 68

Absence of the parathyroid hormone causes

A)lethargy and hair loss.
B)tetany.
C)sleepiness.
D)mental retardation.
E)cretinism.

Question 69

What is the potential benefit for a woman to choose a mate who has a different major histocompatibility complex than themselves?

A)increased immune response for their offspring
B)increased intellectual ability of the offspring
C)greater chance of fertility
D)greater chance for attracting a successful mate
E)increased chance of producing multiple offspring

Question 70

Which of the following is NOT true of type I diabetes?

A)It is caused when the pancreas is not producing insulin.
B)It is likely due to an environmental agent,perhaps a virus,that causes cytotoxic T cells to destroy islets.
C)It is treated with insulin injections and pancreatic transplants.
D)It is dangerous due to risk of acidosis,coma,and death.
E)It is caused by obesity.

Question 71

What is an endocrine function of the pancreas?

A)The pancreas secretes glucagon that stimulates the liver to break down glycogen to glucose.
B)The pancreas secretes glucagon that stimulates the liver to break down glucose into glycogen.
C)The pancreas secretes digestive juices into the small intestine.
D)The pancreas secretes digestive juices into the stomach.
E)The pancreas secretes digestive juices into the large intestine.

Question 72

Which statement is correct about the role of mineralocorticoids?

A)Mineralocorticoids are used to regulate salt and water balances in the body,leading to an increase in the blood volume and blood pressure.
B)Mineralocorticoids are used to regulate salt and water balances in the body,leading to a decrease in the blood volume and blood pressure.
C)Mineralocorticoids are used to regulate carbohydrate,protein,and fat metabolism,leading to an increase in the blood glucose levels.
D)Mineralocorticoids are used to regulate carbohydrate,protein,and fat metabolism,leading to an increase in the blood glucose levels.
E)Mineralocorticoids are used to regulate carbohydrate,protein,and fat metabolism,leading to a decrease in the blood glucose levels.

Question 73

What is "tetany"?

A)continuous muscle contractions due to high blood calcium
B)continuous muscle contractions from low blood calcium
C)the random contractions of fibers in a muscle that keep a person upright
D)inability to function caused by low blood sugar due to diabetes
E)ultimate muscle fatigue where the oxygen debt exceeds all ATP available

Question 74

What is the exocrine role of the pancreas?

A)The pancreas secretes digestive juices into the small intestine.
B)The pancreas secretes digestive juices into the stomach.
C)The pancreas secretes digestive juices into the large intestine.
D)The pancreas produces insulin that is secreted into the bloodstream.
E)The pancreas produces glucagon that is taken up by the liver.

Question 75

Which statement is correct about the location of adrenal glands in the body?

A)The adrenal glands sit on the superior surface of the kidneys.
B)The adrenal glands sit on the inferior surface of the kidneys.
C)The adrenal glands sit on the superior surface of the thyroid.
D)The adrenal glands sit on the lateral surface of the thyroid.
E)The adrenal glands sit on the lateral surface of the kidneys.

Question 76

Which is NOT a correct consequence of surgical removal of portions of these glands?

A)adrenal cortex-bronzing of skin,no increase in blood glucose levels in response to stress,dehydration and death
B)pineal gland-decrease in T cell immune function
C)parathyroid glands-drop in blood calcium level and tetany (muscles shake)
D)ovaries-alteration in menstrual cycle and change in secondary sex characteristics
E)adult thyroid-low pulse rate and body temperature and lethargy

Question 77

What are the chemical signals that act between two individuals of the same species?

A)pheromones
B)first messenger
C)second messenger
D)growth factors
E)None of the answer choices are chemical signals that communicate between two individuals of the same species.

Question 78

Which disease results when the adrenal cortex produces too much hormone?

A)diabetes insipidus
B)diabetes mellitus
C)Cushing syndrome
D)Addison disease
E)myxedema

Question 79

Which region of the human body is least likely to produce pheromones?

A)palms
B)scalp
C)oral cavity
D)axilla
E)genital area

Question 80

What is the role of the second messenger?

A)to set in motion the enzyme cascade
B)convey information between two individuals of the same species
C)binds to the cell surface
D)All of the answer choices are functions of the second messenger.
E)None of the answer choices are functions of the second messenger.