Deck 17: Nervous System

Question 1

Language is NOT dependent on

A)memory.
B)the thalamus.
C)Broca's area.
D)Wernicke's area.
E)the spinal cord.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which part of the brain contains centers for the heartbeat and respiration?

A)medulla oblongata
B)hypothalamus
C)cerebellum
D)cerebrum
E)pons

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which part of the brain is used to integrate incoming information and send it to the appropriate portion of the cerebrum?

A)hypothalamus
B)cerebellum
C)thalamus
D)limbic system
E)basal nuclei

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What are the two parts of the diencephalon?

A)the cerebellum and the cerebrum
B)the hypothalamus and the thalamus
C)the midbrain and the pons
D)the third and fourth ventricles
E)the medulla oblongata and the brain stem

Question 5

Consciousness is best associated with the

A)whole brain.
B)frontal lobe only.
C)cerebrum.
D)whole central nervous system.
E)cerebellum.

Question 6

The sodium-potassium pump is primarily responsible for the

A)resting potential.
B)action potential.
C)excretion of salts.
D)contraction of muscle fibers.
E)maintenance of isotonic water balance.

Question 7

What are the interconnecting spaces that produce and serve as a reservoir for cerebrospinal fluid in the brain called?

A)meninges
B)ventricles
C)corpus callosum
D)insula
E)ganglia

Question 8

In Figure 17.4,number 3 represents

A)depolarization.
B)repolarization.
C)action potential.
D)threshold.
E)resting potential.

Question 9

A nerve is

A)a neuron.
B)composed of sensory axons and motor dendrites.
C)composed of the long fibers of long axons.
D)a part of the central nervous system.
E)any cell located in the brain or spinal region.

Question 10

The primary functions of the spinal cord involve

A)intelligence and memory.
B)speech,taste,smell,vision,and hearing.
C)reflex actions and communication between the brain and peripheral nerves.
D)controlling muscle activity and maintaining balance.
E)local control and decision making for local anatomy.

Question 11

The enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine within the synaptic cleft is

A)acetylcholinesterase.
B)monoamine oxidase.
C)GABA.
D)lipase.
E)maltase.

Question 12

Which part of the brain is a seahorse-shaped structure deep in the temporal lobe?

A)ganglia
B)medulla
C)corpus callosum
D)hippocampus
E)occipital area

Question 13

Dendrites

A)may be several feet in length.
B)are always myelinated.
C)are found only in the CNS.
D)are solely responsible for nervous conduction.
E)carry impulses toward a cell body.

Question 14

Which lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for vision?

A)frontal
B)parietal
C)temporal
D)occipital
E)insular

Question 15

In Figure 17.4 of an action potential,number 1 indicates the movement of

A)Na⁺ to the inside.
B)Na⁺ to the outside.
C)K⁺ to the inside.
D)K⁺ to the outside.
E)Cl^- to the outside.

Question 16

The summing up of excitatory and inhibitory signals in a neuron is called

A)repolarization.
B)inhibition.
C)synapse.
D)synaptic integration.
E)sympathetic response.

Question 17

The cerebrum is the largest portion of the brain in humans.

Question 18

The membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord are called

A)cerebrospinal membranes.
B)meninges.
C)ventricles.
D)epithelium.
E)gray matter.

Question 19

A nerve impulse is caused by

A)the movement of a sodium ion all the way from dendrite to axon tip.
B)the movement of a potassium ion all the way from dendrite to axon tip.
C)the movement of an electron all the way from dendrite to axon tip.
D)a change in the difference in positive and negative ions on the outer and inner surfaces of the neuron membrane,a change that opens adjacent channels and propagates its flow.
E)a change in the difference in sugar molecules on the outer and inner surfaces of the neuron membrane that opens adjacent channels.

Question 20

In the axon,the nerve impulses travel

A)toward the cell body.
B)away from the cell body.
C)bidirectionally toward AND away from the cell body.
D)away from the synapse.
E)toward the dendrites.

Question 21

Which is NOT a correct association of structure and function?

A)axons-outgoing signals
B)sensory neuron-controls sensory organs such as eyes
C)cell body-nucleus and organelles
D)dendrites-incoming signals
E)interneuron-sums up input before sending signals to muscle or gland

Question 22

Which description best fits the central nervous system (CNS)?

A)consists of the brain and spinal cord,located in the midline of the body
B)consists of the brain and spinal cord,connecting the muscles and the brain
C)consists of the spinal cord,located in the midline of the body
D)onsists of the brain and spinal cord,located on the edges of the body
E)transmits sensory impulses to the PNS and motor impulses to the brain

Question 23

In Figure 17.16,the structure at "a" is a(n)

A)interneuron.
B)sensory neuron.
C)receptor.
D)motor neuron.
E)effector.

Question 24

In Figure 17.16,the structure at "c" is a(n)

A)interneuron.
B)sensory neuron.
C)receptor.
D)motor neuron.
E)effector.

Question 25

Which body part is associated with only the primary somatosensory area?

A)genitals
B)pharynx
C)tongue
D)face
E)thumb

Question 26

A stroke results from a disruption of the blood supply to the brain.

Question 27

Which types of cells are found only in the central nervous system?

A)interneurons
B)sensory neurons
C)motor neurons
D)interneurons and sensory neurons
E)interneurons and motor neurons

Question 28

Heroin binds to receptors on neurons that travel from the spinal cord to the region of the brain that feels pleasure.These receptors are normally meant for

A)epinephrine.
B)norepinephrine.
C)dopamine.
D)endorphins.
E)acetylcholine.

Question 29

A reflex

A)is an automatic,involuntary response.
B)does not require the central nervous system.
C)is normally controlled consciously.
D)has no protective value.
E)involves only sensory neurons.

Question 30

Myasthenia gravis can be treated with immunosuppressive drugs,although there is no cure.

Question 31

Which type of memory is associated with specific facts,persons,and events?

A)episodic
B)skill
C)semantic
D)short term
E)All of the answer choices are associated with specific facts,persons,and events.

Question 32

Due to experimentation,it was discovered that which structure was involved in the conversion of short-term memories to long-term memories?

A)hippocampus
B)diencephalon
C)amygdala
D)brain stem
E)cerebellum

Question 33

Which description best fits the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

A)nerves that carry sensory messages to the CNS and motor commands to the muscles and glands
B)nerves that carries motor commands to the CNS and sensory messages to the muscles and glands
C)consists of the brain and spinal cord,located in the midline of the body
D)consists of the brain and spinal cord,located on the peripheral aspect of the body
E)None of the answers are descriptions of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS).

Question 34

Which of the following drugs is a powerful CNS stimulant?

A)methamphetamine
B)heroin
C)marijuana
D)alcohol
E)All of the answer choices are powerful CNS stimulants.

Question 35

What is the definition of learning?

A)ability to retain and utilize past memories
B)ability to hold a thought in mind or recall events from the past
C)ability to forget unfavorable experiences
D)ability to store information
E)ability to retain and form memories

Question 36

Which structure communicates with the prefrontal area of the brain and is involved in learning and memory?

A)hippocampus
B)amygdala
C)pineal gland
D)thalamus
E)hypothalamus

Question 37

Which part of a simple reflex takes the message away from the CNS?

A)sensory neuron
B)receptor
C)interneuron
D)motor neuron
E)effector

Question 38

Which structures are associated with the limbic system?

A)cerebral lobes,basal nuclei,and diencephalon
B)cerebral lobes,basal nuclei,and spinal cord
C)cerebral lobes,peripheral nerves,and diencephalon
D)cerebellum,basal nuclei,and diencephalon
E)spinal cord,basal nuclei,and diencephalon

Question 39

Both meningitis and kuru involve infectious agents.

Question 40

Which disease is associated with mild tremors in one or more limbs,abnormally high levels of glutamate in the cerebrospinal fluid,and onset between the ages of 40 and 60?

A)amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
B)Guillain-Barre syndrome
C)myasthenia gravis
D)multiple sclerosis
E)Parkinson disease

Question 41

Which statement is NOT true about the development of an action potential?

A)There is a rapid change in polarity from about -65 mV to about +40 mV.
B)It requires two types of gated channels.
C)The action potential ends when the polarity across the membrane reaches +40 mV.
D)Depolarization occurs when sodium gates open and allow sodium ions to enter the cell.
E)Potassium gates open after the sodium gates and allow potassium ions to leave the cell.

Question 42

The main function of the cerebrospinal fluid is

A)to provide saltatory transmission.
B)to provide nutrients for the neurons.
C)defense of the nervous system against pathogens.
D)to produce gray matter.
E)to cushion and protect the central nervous system.

Question 43

An impulse traveling up the spinal cord first enters the brain at the

A)medulla.
B)thalamus.
C)hypothalamus.
D)cerebellum.
E)cerebrum.

Question 44

Since the membrane is more permeable to K⁺ than to Na⁺,

A)there are always more positive ions outside the membrane than inside.
B)there are always more negative ions outside the membrane than inside.
C)the outside of the membrane is always negative.
D)the outside of the membrane is always neutral.
E)there really is never a resting potential.

Question 45

Transmission of a nerve impulse from one neuron to another neuron is NOT dependent on

A)the presence of calcium ions.
B)a neurotransmitter substance.
C)a synaptic cleft.
D)a presynaptic and postsynaptic membrane.
E)a refractory period.

Question 46

In dissection,most nerve fibers appear gray to white because

A)the neuron is gray to white colored.
B)sodium ions are part of the salt compound and they flow along the surface.
C)they rapidly die and dead tissues soon become gray or white.
D)they are mostly myelin sheath made of lipid or fat molecules.
E)they consume large amounts of energy in the form of sugar.

Question 47

A postsynaptic membrane rev: 05_21_2014_QC_42523

A)can be a myelin sheath.
B)can be a cell body membrane.
C)can be an axon membrane.
D)can be a dendrite membrane.
E)can be all of the answer choices,except being a myelin sheath.

Question 48

Which of the following is not part of the brain?

A)the cerebrum
B)the diencephalon
C)the cerebellum
D)the brain stem
E)the meninges

Question 49

The difference between a weak stimulus and an intense stimulus is

A)the action potential is gradated and a weak stimulus causes a small change in polarity.
B)weak stimuli only open sodium gates,and strong stimuli also open potassium gates.
C)the axon fires at a greater frequency for an intense stimulus.
D)a strong stimulus does not allow repolarization,but sends a constant flow of ions.
E)an intense stimulus causes more sodium ions to diffuse into the cell.

Question 50

Which of the following does NOT pertain to neurons?

A)sodium pumps
B)Schwann cells
C)myelin
D)nodes of Ranvier
E)cell walls

Question 51

People claim that once you have learned to ride a bicycle you can always ride a bicycle,even if you haven't ridden for a long time.What type of memory is associated with this?

A)short-term memory
B)episodic memory
C)semantic memory
D)long-term memory
E)skill memory

Question 52

Saltatory conduction occurs when

A)salt (or sodium)levels are highest.
B)the sodium (salt)gates open.
C)the resting potential fails to be reset.
D)there is no synapse and the axon is continuous with the next dendrite.
E)the action potential jumps from node to node.

Question 53

Which of the following is not a function of the cerebrum?

A)maintains posture and balance
B)higher thought processes required for learning and memory
C)higher thought processes required for language and speech
D)receives sensory input
E)commands voluntary motor responses

Question 54

Myelinated axons that run together in bundles in the CNS are

A)ventricles.
B)meninges.
C)cortices.
D)tracts.
E)ganglia.

Question 55

Which is NOT a correct association of brain structures and functions?

A)midbrain-reflex centers for visual,auditory,and tactile responses
B)cerebellum-coordinates smooth and coordinated motions
C)cerebrum-higher thought processes,including learning,memory,and speech
D)pons-regulates breathing rate
E)thalamus-regulates heartbeat and blood pressure

Question 56

In order for transmission across the synapse to occur,

A)synaptic vesicles fuse with the postsynaptic membrane.
B)neurotransmitters are released from the postsynaptic membrane.
C)synaptic vesicles fuse with the presynaptic membrane.
D)neurotransmitters are actively transported from the presynaptic to the postsynaptic membrane.
E)the postsynaptic membrane must be in the refractory period.

Question 57

The limbic system is a separate part of the brain located behind the cerebellum on top of the brain stem.

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT true about the cerebrum?

A)It is the largest part of the human brain.
B)The gray matter is the outermost.
C)It is responsible for maintenance of breathing and heart rate.
D)The two cerebral hemispheres are connected by the corpus callosum.
E)Association areas integrate information from different lobes.

Question 59

When individuals experience fear and pleasure,what part of the brain has been stimulated?

A)hypothalamus
B)pons
C)reticular activating system
D)limbic system
E)thalamus

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT true about the myelin sheath?

A)It is composed of layers of cellular membrane,containing myelin around nerve fibers.
B)It gives nerve fibers their white,glistening appearance.
C)It provides a pathway for new fiber growth if the axon is severed.
D)It decreases the speed of nerve impulse conduction.
E)It is formed from Schwann cells.

Question 61

The brains of Alzheimer disease patients show no abnormalities postmortem.

Question 62

Which of the following is NOT true about the autonomic nervous system?

A)It uses two motor neurons and one ganglion for each impulse.
B)It uses preganglionic and postganglionic axons.
C)It is a part of the peripheral nervous system.
D)It functions voluntarily and consciously.
E)It innervates all internal body organs.

Question 63

The likely effect on a neuron of 2 excitatory signals and 20 inhibitory signals is

A)transmission of a nerve impulse.
B)transmission of a nerve impulse,releasing excitatory neurotransmitters at the next synapse.
C)transmission of a nerve impulse,releasing inhibitory neurotransmitters at the next synapse.
D)prohibiting the axon from firing at all.
E)confused integration.

Question 64

If you have extreme difficulties learning how to hit a baseball or play the piano,there may be a problem with your cerebellum.

Question 65

How fast a person can type or play the piano is ultimately limited by the number of impulses a person can send to their finger muscles per second.This in turn is limited by

A)primarily the type of muscle.
B)whether the signal is pain,sound,motor,etc.
C)the magnitude or strength of the nerve impulse.
D)the number of neurons and synapses involved.
E)the speed with which sodium ion can be pumped back outside the neuron membrane.

Question 66

When the dorsal root of a spinal nerve is cut,

A)the organism is killed.
B)incoming sensory nerve impulses are lost.
C)outgoing motor nerve impulses are lost.
D)incoming motor nerve impulses are lost.
E)impulses do not cross over to the other side of the body.

Question 67

When anyone severs his spinal cord,as Christopher Reeve did in a horse riding accident,they suffer a loss of sensation and a loss of voluntary control.

Question 68

Which of the following is a long-term effect of heroin use?

A)The body decreases the production of endorphins.
B)The body increases the production of endorphins.
C)a decrease in dopamine production
D)a release of excess dopamine
E)All of the answer choices are long-term side effects of heroin use.

Question 69

Which of the following is the best description of the cause of multiple sclerosis (MS)?

A)gradual death of brain cells due to calcium influx
B)myelin sheath lesions impair normal coordination of impulses
C)synaptic uptake of dopamine is inhibited
D)degeneration of dopamine-releasing neurons in the brain
E)excessive excitatory signals from the motor cortex

Question 70

You spray an insect with common insecticide that destroys the ability of acetylcholinesterase to recycle acetylcholine.What then happens?

A)This kills the neuron directly.
B)The lack of recycled acetylcholine brings the cell metabolism to a halt.
C)The insect is unable to move anything because nerve impulses quit flowing.
D)The insect runs out of acetylcholine and becomes paralyzed.
E)The insect loses control of body functions as nerve impulses flow continuously.

Question 71

What are the potential effects of heavy marijuana usage?

A)hallucinations,anxiety,depression,body image distortion,and other psychotic symptoms
B)a decrease in dopamine production
C)The body decreases the natural production of endorphins.
D)the release of excess dopamine production
E)All of the answer choices are potential effects of heavy marijuana usage.

Question 72

Which brain structure serves as a bridge between the sensory association areas and the prefrontal area?

A)hippocampus
B)amygdala
C)pons
D)brain stem
E)cerebellum

Question 73

Which limbic structure allows us to respond to and display anger and also prompts the release of adrenaline into the bloodstream?

A)amygdala
B)hippocampus
C)cerebellum
D)cerebrum
E)pons

Question 74

Which is NOT a correct association of memory type?

A)skill memory-ability to perform motor activities
B)long-term memory-telephone number you "know by heart"
C)short-term memory-brief or temporary recall of recent events
D)semantic memory-non-language memory
E)episodic memory-persons or events

Question 75

Carpal tunnel syndrome results in damage to the median nerve,resulting in lack of control to the wrist and also numbness.This indicates that

A)the nerve contained sensory neurons.
B)the nerve contained motor neurons.
C)the nerve contained both sensory and motor neurons.
D)the damage was to a central body in a ganglion.
E)the damage was to the spinal cord interneuron.

Question 76

Which of these is NOT true of the autonomic nervous system?

A)It controls heartbeat,peristalsis,and secretion of glands.
B)It is composed of sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.
C)It is composed only of fibers that have an inhibitory function on various organs of the body.
D)The impulses require two motor neurons to reach their destination.
E)The system coordinates organ responses.

Question 77

Nicotine is not considered a drug because it does not affect the body physically.

Question 78

What are the long-term consequences associated with the use of cocaine?

A)a decrease in dopamine production
B)a decrease in the natural production of endorphins
C)the release of excess dopamine
D)hallucinations,anxiety,depression,body image distortion,and other psychotic symptoms
E)All of the answer choices are consequences associated with the use of cocaine.

Question 79

Spinal nerves contain

A)only sensory fibers.
B)only motor fibers.
C)both sensory and motor fibers.
D)only parasympathetic fibers.
E)only ganglia.

Question 80

Most illicit drugs affect the action of the brain by interfering with the Na⁺-K⁺ pump and nerve impulses.