Deck 14: Digestive System and Nutrition

Question 1

Which layer of the intestinal wall will first absorb nutrients from the lumen?

A)serosa
B)longitudinal muscle
C)circular muscle
D)submucosa
E)mucosa

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which of the following types of lipids do not promote cardiovascular disease?

A)cholesterol
B)trans saturated fatty acids
C)saturated fatty acids
D)unsaturated fatty acids
E)animal fats

Answer 2

D

Question 3

In Figure 14.1,which structure is the liver?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which structure in Figure 14.1 stores food,has limited digestion,and secretes HCl?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 5

The main function of the esophagus is to

A)digest proteins.
B)digest carbohydrates.
C)transport food from the small intestine to the large intestine.
D)transport food from the mouth to the stomach.
E)transport food from the stomach to the large intestine.

Question 6

Inflammation of the gums is called

A)gingivitis.
B)periodontitis.
C)dental caries.
D)gumma infections.
E)gummitis.

Question 7

The pH of the stomach is usually about

A)2.0.
B)4.0.
C)7.0.
D)9.0.
E)11.0.

Question 8

Which organ in the human body produces maltase and peptidases?

A)mouth
B)esophagus
C)stomach
D)small intestine
E)large intestine

Question 9

Which organ of the digestive tract functions to store food,kill bacteria,and partially digest proteins?

A)mouth
B)esophagus
C)stomach
D)small intestine
E)large intestine

Question 10

The body is unable to make any amino acids so all 20 of them must be acquired from a balanced diet.

Question 11

Which of the following is responsible for the storage of extra bile?

A)small intestine
B)liver
C)stomach
D)gallbladder
E)pancreas

Question 12

In the body,glucose is stored in the liver as

A)starch.
B)protein.
C)glycogen.
D)fat.
E)amino acids.

Question 13

Muscles that encircle tubes and act as valves are called

A)constrictors.
B)dilators.
C)sphincters.
D)lacteals.
E)mucosa.

Question 14

Antioxidants are

A)toxic chemicals that must be avoided in the diet.
B)the breakdown products of protein digestion.
C)another name for free radicals.
D)chemicals found in fruits and vegetables that defend against free radicals.
E)only found in food supplements in pill form.

Question 15

In Figure 14.1,which structure is the primary site for digestion and absorption of food?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Question 16

Sodium is considered one of the major minerals needed in the human diet.

Question 17

Water is absorbed primarily by the

A)large intestine.
B)duodenum.
C)stomach.
D)anal canal.
E)esophagus.

Question 18

In what order does a dentist drill through tooth layers?

A)dentin $\rightarrow$ enamel $\rightarrow$ pulp
B)enamel $\rightarrow$ dentin $\rightarrow$ pulp
C)enamel $\rightarrow$ pulp $\rightarrow$ dentin
D)pulp $\rightarrow$ dentin $\rightarrow$ enamel
E)dentin $\rightarrow$ pulp $\rightarrow$ enamel

Question 19

The fingerlike projections along the surface of the small intestine are called

A)mucosa.
B)lacteals.
C)capillaries.
D)villi.
E)appendices.

Question 20

Food is prevented from entering the trachea by the

A)pharynx.
B)larynx.
C)epiglottis.
D)glottis.
E)sphincter muscle.

Question 21

Which of the following features is associated with pica?

A)person is a greater risk for various poisoning
B)person has an irrational fear of getting fat
C)individual engages in extreme physical activity to avoid weight gain
D)person conducts self-induced vomiting and laxative abuse
E)individual frequently eats large amount of foods while feeling a loss of control

Question 22

In humans,digestion of starch begins in the

A)mouth.
B)esophagus.
C)stomach.
D)duodenum.
E)large intestine.

Question 23

The digestive system does NOT function in the

A)chemical breakdown of food.
B)mechanical breakdown of food.
C)elimination of waste products.
D)absorption of food molecules.
E)manufacture of food molecules.

Question 24

Which eating disorder is most commonly diagnosed among people who seek treatment?

A)EDNOS (eating disorders not otherwise specified)
B)anorexia nervosa
C)purging episodes
D)bulimia nervosa
E)binge-eating followed by purging

Question 25

Which item will most likely be eaten by an individual who suffers from pica?

A)charcoal
B)cookies
C)cakes
D)ice cream
E)All of the answer choices are associated with pica.

Question 26

People who are obese lack self-control and should just not eat as much.

Question 27

The digestive juices found in the stomach include

A)trypsin and bile.
B)trypsin and pepsin.
C)bile and hydrochloric acid.
D)amylase and trypsin.
E)pepsin and hydrochloric acid.

Question 28

Which of the following is not involved in digestion?

A)transport of nutrients from food via the blood
B)chewing of the food
C)churning and mixing of the food in the stomach
D)chemical digestion
E)enzymes breaking down proteins

Question 29

Which eating disorder is characterized by an irrational fear of getting fat,often associated with a perceived body defect?

A)anorexia nervosa
B)bulimia nervosa
C)binge-eating and purging
D)binge-eating
E)pica

Question 30

A correct function of the human stomach is

A)to produce highly basic fluids to kill most bacteria.
B)to begin the absorption of most small food molecules,especially sugars.
C)storage of food and mixing with digestive fluids to allow chemical digestion.
D)to pass food from the esophagus to the large intestine.
E)absorption of iron to build hemoglobin for red blood cells.

Question 31

If the large intestine becomes irritated and peristalsis increases,what disease may result?

A)constipation
B)diarrhea
C)appendicitis
D)ulcers
E)hernias

Question 32

Which of the following is not true of the tongue?

A)The tongue functions to mix food with saliva and assist in swallowing.
B)A person's tongue is moved by external muscles.
C)The tongue consists of skeletal muscle under voluntary control.
D)The tongue is attached to the floor of the mouth.
E)The tongue secretes salivary amylase.

Question 33

Which eating disorder is the most common?

A)binge-eating disorder
B)pica
C)anorexia nervosa
D)bulimia nervosa
E)stomach ulcers

Question 34

Name the structure and organ of the digestive tract that contain microvilli and maltase,and absorb nutrients.

A)villus,large intestine
B)villus,small intestine
C)villus,stomach
D)folds,stomach
E)pyloric sphincter,appendix

Question 35

In humans,fats are absorbed

A)in the large intestine.
B)in the rugae of the stomach.
C)primarily into the blood capillaries.
D)primarily into the ducts of the lacteal of the small intestine.
E)by the liver.

Question 36

Which of these organs has contact with food for the least amount of time and does not participate in digestion?

A)mouth
B)esophagus
C)stomach
D)small intestine
E)large intestine

Question 37

Starting from the inside of the esophagus and going to the outside,the layers of the digestive tract in sequence are

A)serosa $\rightarrow$ smooth muscle $\rightarrow$ submucosa $\rightarrow$ mucosa.
B)serosa $\rightarrow$ submucosa $\rightarrow$ smooth muscle $\rightarrow$ mucosa.
C)mucosa $\rightarrow$ smooth muscle $\rightarrow$ submucosa $\rightarrow$ serosa.
D)mucosa $\rightarrow$ submucosa $\rightarrow$ serosa $\rightarrow$ smooth muscle.
E)mucosa $\rightarrow$ submucosa $\rightarrow$ smooth muscle $\rightarrow$ serosa.

Question 38

Which eating disorder is most likely due to a person being depressed?

A)binge-eating disorder
B)bulimia nervosa
C)pica
D)anorexia nervosa
E)None of the answer choices is associated with depression.

Question 39

Which is NOT true of human salivary glands?

A)They produce an enzyme to begin the digestion of starch.
B)The set near the ears swell when infected by the virus that causes mumps.
C)There are three pairs that open by ducts into the mouth.
D)Paired ducts open into the mouth near the ear,the inside back cheek,and under the tongue.
E)They can become inflamed and cause tonsillitis.

Question 40

Which eating disorder is associated with a binge of high-calorie foods and feelings of guilt followed by a purge cycle.

A)bulimia nervosa
B)binge-eating disorder
C)pica
D)anorexia nervosa
E)All of the answer choices are associated with a binge of high-calorie foods,and a feeling of guilt followed by a purge cycle.

Question 41

Secretin functions to stimulate the

A)release of bile.
B)release of pancreatic juices,particularly sodium bicarbonate.
C)release of gastrin.
D)release of CCK.
E)release of bile from the gallbladder and the release of pancreatic juices from the pancreas.

Question 42

Which of the following will NOT increase the risk of obesity?

A)sedentary activities
B)poor eating habits as a family
C)exercise and sensible diet
D)excessive intake of fatty foods
E)body fat content above 20% ideal body weight

Question 43

Which of the following is an infectious cause of jaundice?

A)trauma
B)gallstones
C)cancer
D)alcoholism
E)hepatitis B

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT a mineral required by the body?

A)iron
B)folic acid (folacin)
C)copper
D)sodium
E)calcium

Question 45

As food is processed and moved through the digestive tract,what is the correct order that it is seen?

A)bolus $\rightarrow$ feces $\rightarrow$ chyme
B)bolus $\rightarrow$ chyme $\rightarrow$ feces
C)chyme $\rightarrow$ feces $\rightarrow$ bolus
D)chyme $\rightarrow$ bolus $\rightarrow$ feces
E)feces $\rightarrow$ bolus $\rightarrow$ chyme

Question 46

The hepatic portal vein is located between

A)the gallbladder and the liver.
B)the gallbladder and the small intestine.
C)the pancreas and the small intestine.
D)the small intestine and the liver.
E)the large intestine and the small intestine.

Question 47

Obesity,bulimia nervosa,and anorexia nervosa are alike in that

A)all are difficult to treat and may be caused by a number of factors.
B)all involve eating far less than is required for the body to function.
C)all involve vomiting or purging after eating.
D)in all cases the person is actually starving to death regardless of their outside appearance.
E)in all cases the person is on a very restrictive diet.

Question 48

Crohn's disease is considered an autoimmune disease.

Question 49

Which of the following human digestive enzymes is incorrectly matched to its substrate?

A)pepsin-protein
B)trypsin-nucleic acid
C)salivary amylase-starch
D)lipase-fat
E)maltase-maltose

Question 50

The importance of dietary fiber includes all of the following EXCEPT

A)dilution of bile salts.
B)addition of bulk to the digestive tract.
C)a decreased risk of constipation.
D)a possible decreased risk of polyp formation.
E)increased blood cholesterol levels.

Question 51

Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

A)the production of bile
B)the production of digestive enzymes
C)the production of blood proteins
D)the removal of blood toxins
E)the storage of iron and certain vitamins

Question 52

Which of the following statements about proteins in the diet is not true?

A)Complete protein sources include meat,milk,and eggs.
B)Legumes,seeds,nuts,and grains can be good protein sources,but contain insufficient amounts of at least one essential amino acid.
C)The body is harmed if an excess of protein is consumed.
D)Amino acids are stored in the body,so we do not need a regular supply of protein in the diet.
E)Two servings of meat a day,each approximately the size of a deck of cards,is considered enough protein.

Question 53

Bacteria living in the large intestine

A)are a source of fiber.
B)can produce vitamins.
C)are found only in the appendix.
D)can produce excess acid.
E)are found only in the rectum.

Question 54

Which is NOT a correct association of intestinal disorders?

A)diarrhea-rapid movement of feces that may result in dehydration
B)constipation-too slow movement of feces,permitting hard and dry feces
C)polyps-small growths on the epithelial lining that can become cancerous
D)hemorrhoids-a sexually contracted disease
E)hepatitis-inflammation of the liver

Question 55

Which of the following is considered an accessory gland in the digestive system?

A)pharynx
B)esophagus
C)stomach
D)cecum
E)pancreas

Question 56

What is the function of sodium bicarbonate in the digestive tract?

A)destruction of bacteria
B)digestion of fat in the small intestine
C)neutralization of chyme arriving at the small intestine
D)breakdown of connective tissue in the stomach
E)activation of pepsin in the stomach

Question 57

The hepatic portal vein empties into the inferior vena cava.

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT true of the duodenum?

A)It is a duct from the liver that introduces bile.
B)It is a pancreatic duct that introduces basic fluids to neutralize the stomach acid.
C)Highly acidic stomach contents enter the small intestine here.
D)It contains villi for absorption.
E)It produces HCl.

Question 59

Protein digestion takes place in the

A)mouth,stomach,and small intestine.
B)stomach and small intestine.
C)stomach,esophagus,and small intestine.
D)mouth and large intestine.
E)small intestine,large intestine,and mouth.

Question 60

The release of secretin is stimulated by the action of

A)the alkaline material in the duodenum.
B)bile.
C)muscular contractions in the stomach.
D)nerves to the duodenum.
E)acid in the chyme within the duodenum.

Question 61

If we set up an experimental design to explore the full digestion of starch to glucose,we would need to include which enzymes?

A)pepsin and hydrochloric acid
B)amylase and maltase
C)trypsin and maltase
D)pepsin and lipase
E)trypsin and lipase

Question 62

Considering the U.S.D.A.recommended diet,which of the following statements is NOT true?

A)Protein should come from poultry,fish,and plant sources.
B)Whole grain products are a good source of complex carbohydrates and fiber.
C)The daily diet should contain large amounts of saturated fats.
D)White bread and other refined carbohydrates should be eaten rarely,if at all.
E)Salt intake should be low.

Question 63

Heartburn occurs when

A)the heart responds painfully to chemical changes due to diet.
B)bacteria cause the stomach lining to ulcerate.
C)the glottis fails to prevent food from entering the trachea.
D)some of the stomach contents escape back into the lower esophagus.
E)the bile duct is blocked.

Question 64

Soft drinks are a good source of carbohydrates for the body.

Question 65

If you vomit and stomach contents move out through the nose,there has been a failure of the

A)reflex action of reverse peristalsis.
B)trachea to move up under the epiglottis to cover the glottis.
C)soft palate to move back to close off the nasopharynx.
D)larynx to move up.
E)glottis to retain food.

Question 66

Stacey is 5 foot 8 inches tall and weighs approximately 80 pounds,yet she thinks she is very fat.Which of the following statements is probably not true about Stacey?

A)Stacey most likely suffers from anorexia nervosa.
B)Stacey is actually starving.
C)Stacey has probably stopped menstruating.
D)Stacey is in danger of dying.
E)Stacey probably binge-eats and then forces herself to throw up.

Question 67

A person can fulfill all of their protein requirements without consuming any animal products.

Question 68

If the hepatic portal vein was blocked,where would the blood that was supposed to flow into the hepatic portal vein back up?

A)the inferior vena cava
B)the capillaries of the small intestine
C)the capillaries of the liver
D)the hepatic artery
E)the hepatic vein

Question 69

Which of the following does NOT represent a category of the MyPlate food guide symbol?

A)skim milk
B)orange
C)chicken breast
D)whole wheat bread
E)coffee

Question 70

You suddenly develop explosive and frequent diarrhea.Which of the following is most likely not the cause?

A)stress
B)consumption of spicy food
C)infection by a protozoan
D)infection by a virus
E)infection by a bacteria

Question 71

Which of the following diseases is not associated with deficient or excess nutrients in the diet?

A)scurvy
B)anemia
C)cardiovascular disease
D)hepatitis
E)osteoporosis

Question 72

At body temperature,which of these combinations is most likely to result in the digestion of fat?

A)bile salts,sodium bicarbonate,lipase
B)bile salts,sodium bicarbonate,pepsin
C)HCl,maltase
D)bile salts,HCl,sodium bicarbonate,and trypsin
E)sodium bicarbonate,lipase

Question 73

You can eliminate all fat from your diet without suffering any harmful effects.

Question 74

At body temperature,which of these combinations is most likely to result in the digestion of proteins?

A)water,pepsin
B)HCl,pepsin
C)bile,pepsin
D)sodium bicarbonate,pepsin
E)pepsin,HCl,sodium bicarbonate

Question 75

Which association is NOT correct?

A)Periodontitis is a loss of bone and loosening of teeth that occurs in old age.
B)Gingivitis is an inflammation of the gums that can spread to the periodontal membrane.
C)The loss of 20 deciduous teeth is a natural process that occurs as a child.
D)Tooth decay or dental caries is a natural erosion of teeth from wear and tear.
E)Tonsillitis is an inflammation of the tonsils.

Question 76

Secretin,gastrin,and CCK in humans are

A)all enzymes used to digest food.
B)all hormones that control digestive secretions.
C)all breakdown products of digestion.
D)produced in the gut by an acid pH.
E)proteins found in the intestinal submucosa.

Question 77

Which is NOT a correct association of structure with function among layers of the digestive tract?

A)The outermost serosa lubricates most of the tract among other abdominal organs.
B)The inner mucosa contains goblet cells that secrete mucus.
C)The submucosa contains blood vessels and Peyer's patches that circulate lymphatic fluid.
D)The muscularis consists of two layers of smooth muscles to force food through the tract.
E)The mucosa and submucosa are made of epithelial tissue.

Question 78

In humans,what is the sequence of fat digestion from the lumen of the small intestine to the bloodstream?

A)lipids $\rightarrow$ fatty acid and glycerol (converted in liver) $\rightarrow$ bloodstream
B)lipids $\rightarrow$ fatty acid and glycerol (converted in lacteal) $\rightarrow$ bloodstream
C)lipids $\rightarrow$ fatty acid and glycerol (converted in epithelial cell) $\rightarrow$ bloodstream
D)lipids F $\rightarrow$ fatty acid and glycerol (converted in epithelial cell) $\rightarrow$ lacteal $\rightarrow$ bloodstream
E)lipids $\rightarrow$ fatty acid and glycerol (converted in liver) $\rightarrow$ lacteal $\rightarrow$ bloodstream

Question 79

Public health workers look for ways to prevent diseases.Which of the following jaundice-causing diseases has the potential to be reduced by public health measures?

A)obstructive jaundice caused by gallstones
B)obstructive jaundice caused by a cancerous tumor
C)hepatitis A by sewage control
D)cirrhosis caused by excessive alcohol consumption
E)hemolytic jaundice by blood screening

Question 80

A woman is not getting enough calcium in her diet.One of the first symptoms she may experience would be

A)a broken bone.
B)anemia
C)irregular heart beat
D)muscle spasms
E)night blindness