Deck 13: Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Question 1

The spleen has a relatively thin outer capsule and can actually burst due to a blow to the abdomen.A person whose spleen has burst

A)cannot survive.
B)cannot synthesize red blood cells.
C)cannot synthesize white blood cells.
D)may need antibiotic therapy.
E)may need blood transfusions to prevent anemia.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which lymphoid organ has sinuses filled with blood instead of lymph?

A)thymus
B)lymph nodes
C)spleen
D)bone marrow
E)kidneys

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The larger lymphatic vessels are most similar in structure to

A)arteries.
B)cardiovascular veins.
C)capillaries.
D)intestinal villi.
E)nephron.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Innate immunity involves B and T cells since you were born with them.

Question 5

Which of the following are NOT considered lymphoid organs?

A)bone marrow
B)thymus
C)spleen
D)lymph nodes
E)kidneys

Question 6

Disease-causing agents like viruses or bacteria are considered a(n)

A)antibody.
B)vaccine.
C)thrombin.
D)allergen.
E)pathogen.

Question 7

Edema can be caused by

A)accumulation of tissue fluid.
B)abnormally high amount of plasma proteins.
C)the kidney excreting too little protein.
D)too much tissue fluid drainage.
E)drinking more water than normal.

Question 8

Inflammation does not involve

A)phagocytes.
B)neutrophils.
C)mast cells.
D)macrophages.
E)B cells.

Question 9

Earlier in the history of Western medicine,surgeons did not know the immune function of the thymus gland and it was sometimes removed in children.What symptoms would you now predict these patients might display afterward?

A)increased inflammatory and allergic responses to foreign material including viruses
B)reduced ability to recognize foreign material and distinguish it from body proteins
C)serious problems after receiving blood transfusions of any type of blood
D)complete rejection of all normal body tissues
E)failure to produce any white blood cells

Question 10

Lymph is

A)excreted by the kidneys.
B)returned to the circulatory system via arteries.
C)returned to the circulatory system at the subclavian vein.
D)absorbed by tissues.
E)excreted as sweat.

Question 11

How is a lymph capillary like a blood capillary?

A)Both contain blood.
B)Both contain valves.
C)Both have thin walls.
D)Both are connected to the vena cava.
E)Both systems run parallel through all body tissues.

Question 12

During surgery for breast cancer,surgeons will often remove lymph nodes in the armpit.What is the most likely reason for this?

A)If any cancer cells have entered the lymph,they will travel to the closest lymph nodes,which are in the armpit.
B)Lymph nodes in the armpit are responsible for breast cancer.
C)Lymph nodes that are close to the surgical incision would prevent healing following the surgery.
D)Lymph nodes in the armpit become useless because of the surgery and can be removed without problem.
E)Lymph nodes do not help a person and are better removed before they become infected.

Question 13

Elephantiasis is a tropical disease where small nematode larvae block the lymphatic ducts.As a result,the legs become large like those of an elephant and the scrotum and arms may also swell.This problem would be a severe form of

A)hemorrhoids.
B)phlebitis.
C)anemia.
D)angina.
E)edema.

Question 14

An antihistamine counters the effects of a histamine.Which of the following is NOT an effect of a histamine?

A)Increased blood flow brings more white blood cells to the site of injury or invasion.
B)Capillary dilation increases blood flow and causes surface redness.
C)Increased blood flow and permeability increase the fluids in the tissues,causing them to swell.
D)Increased blood flow brings more warmth to the area,causing a local "fever" that helps white blood cells and suppresses microbes.
E)Decreased blood flow inhibits a pathogen from spreading throughout the body.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the lymphatic system?

A)The lymphatic system protects the body from disease.
B)The lymphatic system returns excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream.
C)The fluid inside lymphatic vessels is called lymph.
D)The lymphatic system absorbs fats at the villi and transports them to the bloodstream.
E)The lymphatic system consists of blood vessels and lymphoid organs.

Question 16

Which of the following lymphoid organs is largest during a person's childhood but shrinks in adulthood?

A)tonsils
B)lymph nodes
C)spleen
D)bone marrow
E)thymus

Question 17

Which statement is NOT true in regards to the inflammatory reaction?

A)The skin becomes reddened and swollen.
B)Swelling initiates pain nerve impulses.
C)Increased capillary permeability causes more proteins and fluids to escape.
D)Neutrophils phagocytize bacteria in the wound.
E)Neutrophils change into macrophages that act as scavengers.

Question 18

Which lymphatic duct will drain the abdomen?

A)lymph capillaries
B)right lymphatic duct
C)left lymphatic duct
D)thoracic duct
E)inguinal duct

Question 19

Edema cannot be caused by

A)increased amounts of tissue fluid.
B)not enough tissue fluid being drained away.
C)increased blood pressure.
D)increased capillary osmotic pressure.
E)poor circulation such as constricted veins during pregnancy.

Question 20

Which statement is NOT true about the lymphatic system?

A)It takes up excess tissue fluid at the site of capillaries.
B)Lymph contains the same proteins as found in the blood.
C)It helps defend the body against disease.
D)It contains lymph that may have fat in it.
E)Lymph is tissue fluid that has entered a lymph vessel.

Question 21

If we inject three different antigens into a human at the same time,

A)one plasma cell will produce three different antibodies.
B)plasma cells will produce three times the amount of one antibody.
C)at least three different plasma cells will be involved in antibody production since each plasma cell only produces one specific antibody.
D)three different immunoglobulins will assist one plasma cell in responding to the antigen.
E)three complement plasma proteins will assist one plasma cell in responding to the antigen.

Question 22

Which type of cell will produce antibodies that are released into the bloodstream?

A)B cell
B)T cell
C)plasma cell
D)memory cell
E)mast cell

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT considered to be an innate defense mechanism against infection?

A)stomach acids
B)skin
C)mucus in respiratory tract
D)normal bacteria in intestine
E)antibodies in mother's milk

Question 24

Which statement is NOT true of the B cells?

A)B cells develop and mature in the bone marrow.
B)B cells carry receptor molecules on their cell surfaces.
C)B cells,when stimulated and changed into plasma cells,produce antibodies.
D)B cells require presentation of antigens by macrophages before they are able to recognize the antigen.
E)B cells,when stimulated,divide into memory cells.

Question 25

The clonal selection theory states that

A)all B cells are exact clones of one another.
B)all T cells are exact clones of one another.
C)when a B or T cell is activated by binding to/recognizing an antigen,then that cell will be cloned into cells that recognize the same antigen.
D)when a B or T cell is stimulated by encountering the correct antibody,it divides to form a clone of cells that will respond to the same antibody.
E)T cells are stimulated by B cells to divide and form plasma cells,which secrete antibodies.

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT true about T cells?

A)They are responsible for cell-mediated immunity.
B)They can stimulate B cells.
C)They produce antibodies.
D)Helper T cells can secrete cytokines.
E)They require an antigen-presenting cell.

Question 27

Which portion of the antibody binds to the antigen?

A)variable region
B)constant region
C)heavy chain
D)light chain

Question 28

In order to decrease the effects of inflammation,you would take what type of medication?

A)antihistamine
B)vaccine
C)interferon
D)immunoglobulin
E)thromboplastin activator

Question 29

Which of the following is specifically responsible for antibody-mediated immunity?

A)T cell
B)B cell
C)platelets
D)RBC
E)complement

Question 30

The complement system contains

A)either half of an antigen-antibody complex.
B)certain plasma proteins.
C)a serious infection.
D)an autoimmune reaction.
E)cells that secrete antibodies.

Question 31

Which is NOT part of a description of an antibody molecule?

A)contains a constant and a variable region on each chain
B)forms an X-shaped protein molecule
C)contains an antigen-binding site on each arm
D)contains two light chains and two heavy chains
E)contains hypervariable regions where antigens bind

Question 32

Inflammation or the inflammatory response is a harmful process that should be avoided.

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT an example of innate immunity?

A)natural killer cells
B)complement
C)inflammation
D)histamine
E)plasma cells

Question 34

A cell that is responsible for the ability of an organism to produce a rapid antibody response against a foreign protein when it is encountered years after the first encounter is a(n)

A)memory B cell.
B)memory T cell.
C)cytotoxic T cell.
D)plasma cell.
E)antigen-presenting cell.

Question 35

Adaptive immunity depends upon the activity of what type of cells?

A)natural killer cells and B cells
B)natural killer cells and T cells
C)neutrophils and B cells
D)neutrophils and T cells
E)B cells and T cells

Question 36

Which of these statements is NOT true about complement?

A)Complement is a complex of proteins.
B)Complement is required for the formation of antigen-antibody complexes.
C)Complement forms pores in bacterial membranes and allows fluid and salts to enter the bacterial cell.
D)Complement attracts phagocytes to the bacterial cell and enhances its likelihood of being engulfed.
E)Complement can assist in the inflammatory response.

Question 37

Which protein forms pores in bacterial cell membranes?

A)interferon
B)cytokines
C)histamine
D)complement
E)thrombin

Question 38

Most antibodies found in the blood belong to what class of immunoglobulins?

A)IgA
B)IgD
C)IgE
D)IgG
E)IgM

Question 39

Which of the following is true about the clonal selection theory?

A)An antigen selects certain B cells to produce a clone of plasma cells.
B)An antibody stimulates the multiplication of B cell antigens against it.
C)T cells select those B cells that should produce antibodies,regardless of antigens.
D)T cells suppress all those B cells except the ones that should multiply and divide.
E)One B cell will give rise to plasma cells that produce antibodies against several antigens.

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT true of both T cells and B cells?

A)They are both lymphocytes.
B)They both pass through the thymus.
C)They both function in immunity.
D)They both are specific.
E)They both originated in bone marrow.

Question 41

Which type of lymphocyte is sometimes called a "killer cell" that brings about destruction of antigen-bearing cells?

A)helper T cell
B)suppressor T cell
C)cytotoxic T cell
D)memory T cell
E)macrophage

Question 42

A vaccine contains

A)penicillin.
B)horse serum.
C)antigens that are no longer virulent.
D)antibodies made by plasma cells.
E)antibiotics against a particular bacterial strain.

Question 43

The textbook describes the problem with Rh factor hemolytic disease of the newborn in the case where the mother is Rh^- and the father is Rh⁺.Which of the following statements is true?

A)This would also be a problem where the father is Rh^- and the mother is Rh⁺.
B)This would be a problem any time the mother is Rh^-,regardless of the father's blood type,since the mother has the immune problem.
C)This is only a problem in the given case because the Rh^- mother lacks the Rh⁺ protein and only a Rh⁺ father could produce an Rh⁺ child.
D)This is simply a matter of a mother having a lower threshold for rejecting foreign tissues since all babies have half-foreign tissues.
E)The problem is substantially more complicated since the hemolytic disease is also dependent on ABO blood groups.

Question 44

In the later 1800s,the brilliant French chemist Louis Pasteur worked with chicken cholera,passing the disease agent from sick to healthy chickens.He suspended his research and went on vacation for several weeks.When he returned,the old cholera culture he gave to healthy chickens failed to kill them.He assumed his culture was bad and injected these same chickens with a fresh culture of chicken cholera.These chickens remained healthy while new chickens injected with the fresh culture of chicken cholera rapidly became sick and died.From our current knowledge of immunity,how would these observations be explained?

A)Pasteur had accidentally discovered a strain of chickens that had natural immunity.
B)His first disease culture had weakened over time and stimulated the development of active immunity.
C)His first disease culture had weakened over time and the chickens developed a form of passive immunity.
D)The chickens apparently had better B cells for development of more effective antibodies.
E)The first set of chickens served as a control group to the second set that showed the development of antibodies.

Question 45

Which type of T cell improves the immune response?

A)helper T cell
B)suppressor T cell
C)cytotoxic T cell
D)memory T cell
E)IgT cell

Question 46

In the late 1800s,a Frenchman observed that individuals who recovered from a disease were not susceptible to that same disease again.Therefore,he proposed that the agent that caused syphilis should be given to all young,healthy people as a vaccine to prevent them from getting a serious case of the disease.Although the mode of action of vaccines was not yet known,Pasteur argued vehemently against this proposal.Today,we do not follow this procedure for syphilis.Why?

A)Vaccines only work against a few pathogens.
B)Vaccines do not work for pathogens that are vulnerable to antibiotics.
C)Syphilis is an autoimmune disease.
D)It might work,but Pasteur was a famous authority and his ideas prevail today.
E)Vaccines are made from weakened disease agents and using the syphilis organisms would spread a full-blown serious disease agent.

Question 47

Anaphylactic shock may occur due to

A)exposure to the AIDS virus.
B)a bee sting.
C)organ donation.
D)use of interferon.
E)antihistamines.

Question 48

In order to prevent an allergic reaction,injections of the allergen are sometimes given.

Question 49

A response that does not occur immediately cannot be considered an allergic response,even if it appears like one.

Question 50

The AIDS virus attacks

A)helper T cells.
B)suppressor T cells.
C)cytotoxic T cells.
D)memory T cells.
E)B cells.

Question 51

Babies generally appear to be immune to diseases for approximately the first six months of life.After this,they develop more diseases.What could be responsible for this immunity?

A)active immunity due to the mother
B)passive immunity from the mother
C)babies not being exposed to diseases until around six months
D)babies born with excellent active immunity that wanes the older the child gets
E)active immunity due to being exposed to numerous antigens during the birthing process

Question 52

Which of the following statements is NOT true in regard to active immunity?

A)It forms a specific defense against a particular antigen.
B)It will last for some time.
C)The particular antibody that is formed will react against any virus or bacterial cell.
D)It is the result of B and T lymphocyte activity.
E)An antigen-antibody reaction must occur.

Question 53

Tissue rejection following organ transplantation is due to all of the following except

A)MHC incompatibility between donor and recipient.
B)transplantation of tissues from one part of the body to another in the same person.
C)the destruction of transplanted tissue by the immune system.
D)B cells and plasma cells that do not recognize the transplanted tissue as "self."
E)T cells that do not recognize the transplanted tissue as "self."

Question 54

When you have been bitten by a highly venomous snake and received a dose of venom sufficient to kill several people,you do not have a week to build up your own immunity.However,hospitals carry "antivenom" made from injecting horses with small-to-larger dosages of snake venom,and then harvesting the antibodies from the horse plasma.This is a case of

A)passive immunity.
B)active immunity.
C)developing an inflammatory response to increase the IgG production.
D)high levels of complement.
E)high levels of interferon.

Question 55

Edward Jenner promoted the use of cowpox infection,which is very similar to the more dangerous smallpox,as a vaccination to provide patients immunity from future smallpox epidemics.This was a case of these subjects

A)developing passive immunity.
B)developing active immunity.
C)developing an inflammatory response that increased the IgG production.
D)developing high levels of complement.
E)developing high levels of interferon,although Jenner did not realize these diseases were viral.

Question 56

Which antibody class is most responsible for the allergic reaction?

A)IgA
B)IgD
C)IgE
D)IgG
E)IgM

Question 57

A person who is blood type AB has

A)only antigen A on the surface of RBCs.
B)only antigen B on the surface of RBCs.
C)antigens A and B on the surface of RBCs.
D)antibodies A and B on the surface of RBCs.
E)only antibody A on the surface of RBCs.

Question 58

When a person is bitten by a venomous snake,a donation of blood plasma from another person who has recently survived the same type of snake bite would provide some passive immunity.

Question 59

Cytokines may be used in cancer and AIDS because they stimulate white blood cell formation and/or function.

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT true regarding monoclonal antibodies?

A)The antibodies produced are all of the same type.
B)They are produced from plasma cells derived from different B cells.
C)They are formed when B lymphocytes are fused with malignant plasma cells.
D)They are used in the diagnosis of various diseases.
E)They are used to treat some cancers.

Question 61

During organ transplant,which feature is the most important to recognize?

A)the difference between the MHC proteins of the donor and the recipient
B)the difference between the blood types of the donor and the recipient
C)the similarities between the blood types of the donor and the recipient
D)the type of organ being transplanted
E)the age of the recipient of the transplanted organ

Question 62

What are the two most common applications of cytokine therapies?

A)stimulation of blood cells and treatment of cancer
B)stimulation of blood cells and treatment of HIV
C)treatment of cancer and HIV
D)production of antibodies
E)providing immunization against various diseases

Question 63

What is the major drawback to cytokine therapies?

A)Side effects can be life-threatening.
B)The therapies are still untested.
C)The treatments are very expensive.
D)The therapies only work for women.
E)The therapies only work for men.

Question 64

Which blood cells are usually the first to arrive at the site of an infection?

A)neutrophils
B)natural killer cells
C)red blood cells
D)interferons
E)monocytes

Question 65

Which of the following is NOT an autoimmune disease?

A)multiple sclerosis
B)systemic lupus
C)rheumatoid arthritis
D)inflammation
E)type I diabetes

Question 66

Which type of T cell has a TCR that can recognize an antigen fragment presented by antigen-presenting cells with MHC class II proteins?

A)helper T cells
B)cytotoxic T cells
C)major histocompatibility complex
D)B cells
E)monocytes

Question 67

Which of the following health problems are likely to occur if a person is unable to form the IgE antibodies?

A)The person would have problems defending themselves against parasitic worm infections as well as lacking an immediate allergic response.
B)The person would be unable to activate the complement.
C)Pathogens would be able to attach to their epithelial cells much easier.
D)They would be unable to have their cells clump.
E)Their B cells would be unable to respond to antigens.

Question 68

Xenotransplantation is the use of animal organs instead of human organs in transplant patients.Scientists are considering using dogs as organ donors because they have long been domesticated by humans.

Question 69

List the steps involved with the production of monoclonal antibodies.

Question 70

What is the originator cell for monoclonal antibodies?

A)B cells
B)T cells
C)red blood cells
D)white blood cells
E)macrophages

Question 71

An autoimmune disease means that the body attacks itself because it does not recognize itself.

Question 72

Which of the following is an example of a mechanical barrier to infection?

A)mucous membrane
B)oil gland secretions
C)pH of the stomach
D)bacteria that live in the intestine
E)inflammatory response

Question 73

In the movie Bubble Boy,Jimmy lives inside a plastic bubble where he is protected from all outside agents.Which type of disease would require a child to live inside a plastic bubble?

A)an autoimmune disease
B)systemic lupus erythematosus
C)multiple sclerosis
D)AIDS
E)a total immune deficiency

Question 74

Which of the following is an example of an acquired immunodeficiency?

A)AIDS
B)SCID
C)flu
D)None of the answer choices is an example of an acquired immunodeficiency.
E)All of the answer choices are examples of an acquired immunodeficiency.

Question 75

Which of the following would not lead to an immunodeficiency?

A)inherited lack of B cells
B)blood transfusion
C)surgical removal of the thymus
D)SCID
E)AIDS