Deck 11: Human Organization

Question 1

Which of the following tissue types would line the mouth?

A)muscular
B)connective
C)epithelial
D)nervous
E)glandular

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Simple squamous epithelium has

A)a single layer of cube-shaped cells.
B)a single layer of column-shaped cells.
C)a single layer of flat cells.
D)many layers of flat cells.
E)many layers of cube-shaped cells.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following tissues is INCORRECTLY matched with a function?

A)epithelial-capillary lining
B)connective-storage of fat
C)muscle-protection from pathogens
D)nervous-integration of data
E)connective-production of blood cells

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Collagenous and elastic fibers are found in what type of tissue?

A)epithelial
B)muscle
C)nerve
D)connective
E)simple squamous

Question 5

What type of epithelium contains thin,flat cells stacked upon each other?

A)simple squamous
B)stratified squamous
C)simple cuboidal
D)statified cuboidal
E)simple columnar

Question 6

The urine in your bladder is unable to pass out of the bladder through its epithelial lining.Which type of junction exists between these cells?

A)tight junction
B)There is no special junction between these cells.
C)basement membrane
D)gap junction
E)adhesion junction

Question 7

Epithelial tissue can be modified to

A)store fat.
B)perform absorption.
C)receive stimuli.
D)move body parts.
E)carry impulses.

Question 8

Which is NOT a correct association?

A)adhesion junctions-skin
B)adhesion junctions-bladder
C)gap junctions-stomach
D)tight junctions-intestines
E)tight junctions-bladder

Question 9

Which type of tissue contains cells close together and connected to a basement membrane?

A)hyaline cartilage
B)elastic cartilage
C)muscle tissue
D)nerve tissue
E)epithelial tissue

Question 10

Which tissue lacks a direct blood supply and heals very slowly?

A)bone
B)cartilage
C)muscle
D)epithelial tissue
E)nerve

Question 11

Which of the following tissues may be specialized to secrete mucous?

A)epithelial
B)connective
C)muscle
D)nervous
E)cartilage

Question 12

Which two types of tissue come together to make a "basement membrane"?

A)muscle and connective
B)connective and nervous
C)nervous and epithelial
D)epithelial and connective
E)nervous and muscle

Question 13

Which statement is NOT true about epithelial tissue?

A)Epithelial tissue helps to protect the body from bacterial invasion.
B)Epithelial tissue can be glandular.
C)Epithelial tissue can be found lining the tubules of the kidney.
D)Epithelial tissue may contain column-shaped cells.
E)Epithelial cells have spaces between them.

Question 14

Glands that secrete their products into ducts are classified as

A)serous glands.
B)mucous glands.
C)endocrine glands.
D)exocrine glands.
E)salivary glands.

Question 15

Which type of tissue has cube-shaped cells and lines kidney tubules?

A)hyaline cartilage
B)nerve tissue
C)columnar epithelium
D)cuboidal epithelium
E)squamous epithelium

Question 16

Muscles are connected to bones by

A)nerve tissue.
B)epithelial tissue.
C)ligaments.
D)tendons.
E)a basement membrane.

Question 17

Which type of junction permits small molecules to pass between two cells?

A)desmosome
B)tight junction
C)gap junction
D)striations
E)cross junction

Question 18

Which of the following associations is NOT correct?

A)collagen-white fibers
B)elastin-yellow fibers
C)large matrix-epithelial tissue
D)muscle-contraction
E)nerve-impulse conduction

Question 19

A tight junction forms an impermeable barrier between two cells.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a basic type of tissue?

A)muscular
B)nervous
C)urinary
D)epithelial
E)connective

Question 21

Which is NOT a true statement about the blood component?

A)Red blood cells provide the major transport for oxygen.
B)Blood contains a matrix of collagen fibers made by cells.
C)Platelets are not complete cells.
D)White blood cells either engulf disease organisms or form antibodies for immunity.
E)Plasma makes up slightly over half of human blood volume to provide a liquid in which blood solids can flow.

Question 22

Which is NOT a correct description of cartilage?

A)Hyaline cartilage is white and translucent and found at the ends of long bones.
B)Hyaline cartilage contains only very fine collagen fibers.
C)Fibrocartilage contains strong collagen fibers.
D)Fibrocartilage forms the nose.
E)Elastic cartilage forms the flexible outer ear.

Question 23

Which is a correct description of muscle tissues?

A)Cardiac muscle is found in the heart,blood vessels,and nerves leading to the heart.
B)Smooth muscle is voluntary and represented by most skeletal muscles.
C)Skeletal muscle cells are often striated or banded where actin and myosin filaments overlap.
D)Smooth muscle cells are voluntary.
E)Skeletal muscle cells are branched and tangled and bound end-to-end at intercalated disks.

Question 24

Dendrites and an axon are parts of a(n)

A)epithelial cell.
B)muscle cell.
C)reproductive cell.
D)neuron.
E)cartilage cell.

Question 25

The tissue that has a white,translucent appearance and is found at the ends of long bones is called

A)hyaline cartilage.
B)fibrocartilage.
C)elastic cartilage.
D)compact bone.
E)dense fibrous connective tissue.

Question 26

Which type of muscle is involuntary and lacks striations?

A)skeletal
B)smooth
C)cardiac
D)triceps
E)the heart

Question 27

The muscle group in your upper arm is composed of what type of muscle tissue?

A)skeletal muscle
B)smooth muscle
C)cardiac muscle
D)both cardiac and skeletal
E)adipose

Question 28

Which are cell fragments that help initiate blood clotting?

A)erythrocytes
B)leukocytes
C)platelets
D)osteocytes
E)fibroblasts

Question 29

Which function is NOT correctly matched to its type of tissue?

A)Adipose tissue stores fat.
B)Reticular connective tissue produces blood cells.
C)Connective tissues bind organs together and provide support and protection.
D)Loose,fibrous connective tissue encloses internal organs,including muscles.
E)Dense connective tissue is muscle that contracts.

Question 30

Bone

A)is made of only a hard matrix of inorganic (mainly calcium)salts.
B)lacks the collagen fibers found in cartilage.
C)is lacking blood vessels and canaliculi that deliver nutrients.
D)is built by bone cells called osteons.
E)is formed by concentric rings of bone cells in canaliculi.

Question 31

Some very important persons such as Japanese Emperor Hirohito and China's Premier Zhou Enlai were kept alive during their last days by many transfusions of blood.Without knowing further details of their ailments,which of the following functions most likely provided the most significant contribution to keeping them alive?

A)oxygen and carbon dioxide carrying capacity
B)supplement of hormone levels
C)provision of organic nutrients such as glucose,amino acids,and fats
D)provision of albumin and fibrinogen
E)provision of immune antibodies

Question 32

Some anesthetics are also very effective in stopping the food from moving through the intestine.Therefore,after an operation,the surgeon will not permit a patient to eat until the digestive system is moving food again,and a patient has to suck on ice until there is some evidence the digestive tract is functioning.Without knowing more about the anesthetics,what is the likely mode of action of the anesthetic?

A)The anesthetic probably slows the cardiac muscle,which in turn slows all other organ systems.
B)The anesthetic probably affects nerves that slow all skeletal muscle actions.
C)The anesthetic probably affects nerves that slow all smooth muscle actions.
D)The anesthetic probably affects nerves that stop all homeostatic actions.
E)The anesthetic probably affects nerves that stop all muscle contraction.

Question 33

What type of bone contains numerous bony plates separated by irregular spaces?

A)compact
B)spongy
C)marrow
D)elastic
E)fibrous

Question 34

Name the tissue in which the cells are separated by a liquid.

A)cartilage
B)nerve
C)blood
D)muscle
E)bone

Question 35

What tissue is found in pads between the vertebrae?

A)bone
B)elastic cartilage
C)fibrocartilage
D)hyaline cartilage
E)stratified squamous epithelial tissue

Question 36

Until recently,we only described neurons as cellular units of the nervous system.Which is a probable reason science overlooked the importance of neuroglial cells?

A)Neuroglial cells have long processes and look just like neurons.
B)Neuroglial cells are rare compared to neurons and make up a very small volume of the brain.
C)Neuroglial cells were thought to merely support neurons and their complex chemical role was not yet detected.
D)Neuroglial cells are distant from the other neuron tissue.
E)Neuroglial cells are developing larger today as people use more memory.

Question 37

In which direction does a nerve impulse usually move?

A)cell body $\rightarrow$ dendrite $\rightarrow$ axon
B)dendrite $\rightarrow$ axon $\rightarrow$ cell body
C)dendrite $\rightarrow$ cell body $\rightarrow$ axon
D)axon $\rightarrow$ cell body $\rightarrow$ dendrite
E)axon $\rightarrow$ dendrite $\rightarrow$ cell body

Question 38

What is the numerical relationship of neuroglial cells compared to neurons?

A)Because they are big,one neuroglial cell can serve many neurons,so there are about nine neurons for every neuroglial cell.
B)There are about an equal number of both; each neuron has a companion neuroglial cell.
C)There are about nine neuroglial cells for every neuron.
D)The numbers vary widely from animal to animal and depend on the size of the animal.
E)Brain volume is made of approximately two-thirds neurons and one-third neuroglial cells.

Question 39

What is the function of neuroglial cells?

A)support and nourish neurons
B)conduction of nerve impulses
C)production of new neurons
D)deposition of inorganic salts
E)produce the matrix

Question 40

What is the name of the cavity that contains the bone cells themselves?

A)osteons
B)fibrocartilage
C)lacunae
D)central canals
E)adipose

Question 41

Melanin is a substance responsible for

A)cell growth.
B)muscle contraction.
C)nerve impulses.
D)skin pigmentation to protect from harmful light.
E)increases blood flow to the epidermis.

Question 42

Which layer of the skin protects the body from bacterial infection and water loss?

A)dermis
B)epidermis
C)connective tissue layer
D)hyaline cartilage
E)basement membrane

Question 43

During a medical test for spinal meningitis the physician orders a "spinal tap".What cavity would he be removing the fluid from?

A)thoracic
B)abdominal
C)pericardial
D)dorsal
E)pleural

Question 44

Usually it is not possible to penetrate inside a body cavity without cutting through protective tissues.However,sperm reach the egg via the vagina,uterus,and fallopian tubes (oviducts).Without crossing any epidermal barrier,the sperm can find itself inside which body cavity?

A)thoracic
B)pelvic
C)pericardial
D)dorsal
E)pleural

Question 45

Which of these organs are found in the coelom?

A)brain,spinal cord,kidneys,heart
B)salivary glands,vertebrae,heart
C)intestines,heart,lungs,liver
D)intestines,brain,lungs,liver
E)reproductive organs,heart,lungs,brain

Question 46

Which of these is NOT a part of a neuron?

A)cell body
B)dendrite
C)axon
D)neuroglial cell
E)nucleus

Question 47

"Goose bumps" are caused by the arrector pili muscles making the hair follicles stand up.

Question 48

The endocrine system is the only system that is involved in coordinating and regulating the functioning of all the body's other systems.

Question 49

Which type of tissue will respond to stimuli and transmit impulses?

A)epithelial
B)connective
C)nervous
D)muscle
E)blood

Question 50

Which molecule is responsible for the waterproofing of the skin?

A)mucus
B)keratin
C)hyaline cartilage
D)myosin
E)lanolin

Question 51

The type of membrane that covers the heart is called a

A)mucous membrane.
B)serous membrane.
C)basement membrane.
D)pleural membrane.
E)plasma membrane.

Question 52

Which of the following is matched to the incorrect body system?

A)helps control pH of body fluids-urinary system
B)protects against disease and infections-cardiovascular system
C)produces body heat-muscular system
D)helps regulate metabolism-endocrine system
E)produces blood cells-skeletal system

Question 53

If a burn victim loses most of his skin,what symptom would NOT be present?

A)a decrease in thirst and water intake due to dry surface tissues
B)intense pain from exposed nerve endings
C)constantly cold due to a lack of body insulation
D)serious risk of infection from microbial agents
E)vitamin D deficiency

Question 54

The part of the skin that has adipose tissue to help insulate the body is the

A)epidermis.
B)dermis.
C)subcutaneous layer.
D)connective tissue.
E)muscle layer.

Question 55

Which of the following body systems is NOT involved in the control of fluid balance in the body?

A)cardiovascular
B)muscular
C)lymphatic
D)urinary
E)endocrine

Question 56

Which is a type of neuroglial cell?

A)astrocyte
B)lacunae
C)dendrocytes
D)macroglia
E)myelin

Question 57

Which is NOT a correct description of body cavity partitioning?

A)The meninges protect and isolate the brain and spinal cord.
B)The diaphragm separates the pericardial cavity from the thoracic cavity.
C)The cranial cavity contains the brain.
D)The intestines must share space with the liver and stomach in the abdominal cavity.
E)Reproductive organs are in the pelvic cavity or an extension of it.

Question 58

Which of the following functions would not be lost or seriously compromised if someone suffered a severe burn over most of their body?

A)prevention of heat and water loss
B)prevention of massive and continuous infection from invasion by external bacteria,viruses,and parasites
C)production of sweat that evaporates and cools the body when it is overheating
D)protection of muscle and other surface tissues from abrasion and pain
E)exchange of gases

Question 59

If you wash your skin and hair many times a day,you will soon have dry skin that cracks and bleeds because you have removed the _____ secreted by ______ that is necessary to keep the skin supple.

A)salty sweat; sweat glands
B)pili; erectors
C)lymph; lymphatic ducts
D)sebum; sweat glands
E)sebum; oil glands

Question 60

A person enters a heat chamber carrying a raw egg on a plate.As the temperature is gradually increased,the exposed egg is cooked while the subject continues to have a normal internal temperature by mouth thermometer.What mechanism is lacking in the egg but is present in the human subject that maintains homeostasis?

A)Lack of a circulatory system prevents the egg from distributing the heat.
B)The egg cannot "breathe away" hot air to "air condition" its body.
C)The surface-area-to-volume ratio prevents the smaller body from losing heat as fast.
D)Increased sweating causes evaporation that carries away heat.
E)The human subject contains more fluid volume to absorb heat.

Question 61

Which structure can be classified as an endocrine and reproductive organ?

A)testes
B)lungs
C)lymphocytes
D)uterus
E)oocytes

Question 62

List the subdivisions of the ventral body cavity and indicate the main organs that are found within each of the subdivisions.

Question 63

Which of the following is an example of homeostasis?

A)Lymph nodes regulate homeostasis.
B)Human oral body temperature is always close to 37^o C (98.6 $\degree$ F).
C)There are more red cells than white cells.
D)An organism is limited in how high it can jump.
E)An organism makes about as many turns to the right as to the left.

Question 64

Which membrane is composed of loose connective tissue and lines moveable joint cavities?

A)synovial
B)serous
C)mucous
D)meninges
E)pleurae

Question 65

Which skin disorder is the result of a proliferation caused by the human papillomavirus?

A)warts
B)psoriasis
C)acne
D)All of the answer choices are caused by the human papillomavirus.
E)None of the answer choices is caused by the human papillomavirus.

Question 66

List the four major tissue types found in the human body.

Question 67

The disruption of homeostasis can lead to what type of disease that can be life-threatening,but usually occurs and is resolved quickly?

A)chronic
B)systemic
C)acute
D)localized
E)simple

Question 68

What is the main reason for the presence of a pimple?

A)All of the answer choices are reasons for the presence of a pimple.
B)increased production of sebum
C)increased levels of hormones
D)the presence of Propionibacterium acnes
E)inflammatory response

Question 69

An example of a negative feedback system is when there is too much of a particular chemical in the body and a sensor detects it and brings about a response that causes the levels to drop.

Question 70

A home heating system is an example of a positive feedback mechanism.

Question 71

When you drink coffee,which is more acidic than your bloodstream,the pH of your blood drops.

Question 72

Which feature(s)helps distinguish the subcutaneous layer from the epidermis and dermis?

A)The subcutaneous layer is composed of loose connective tissue and adipose tissue.
B)The subcutaneous layer is composed of loose connective tissue and contains various sensory receptors.
C)The epidermis is composed of loose connective tissue and adipose tissue.
D)The subcutaneous layer is composed of fibrous connective tissue,such as collagen and elastic fibers.
E)The subcutaneous layer contains melanocytes,which will give skin its pigmentation.

Question 73

When discussing homeostasis in body temperature,it is NOT true to state that the body responds to

A)heat by stimulating sweat release.
B)heat by constricting the blood vessels in the skin.
C)cold by contracting the arrector pili muscles.
D)cold by contracting skeletal muscles,causing shivering.
E)cold by rerouting blood away from the skin.

Question 74

To which system do the kidneys and bladder belong?

A)urinary
B)nervous
C)integumentary
D)endocrine
E)musculoskeletal

Question 75

Why would it make sense to have the birthing process controlled by a positive feedback loop?

A)because there is a definite cutoff point to be reached
B)because birth is a positive experience
C)because there is no sensor involved
D)because there is no stimulus involved
E)because there is a fluctuation of hormones above and below the level necessary to induce birth

Question 76

List the three layers of the integumentary system and indicate the main functions of each layer.

Question 77

Which organ is not part of the digestive system?

A)kidneys
B)mouth
C)esophagus
D)large intestine
E)pancreas

Question 78

Which of the following statements is FALSE about homeostasis?

A)Homeostasis is controlled by hormones.
B)Homeostasis is primarily controlled by the circulatory system.
C)Homeostasis holds fluctuations near to the body's average levels.
D)Homeostasis requires coordination between internal organs.
E)Homeostasis is often controlled by negative feedback.

Question 79

Which system is one of the two main body systems that helps maintain homeostasis by regulating other body systems?

A)digestive
B)endocrine
C)respiratory
D)lymphatic
E)cardiovascular

Question 80

During a football game an offensive lineman is hit in the legs from the side.Upon examination by the physical trainer it was determined that the player has a dislocated knee.There was a significant amount of damage to the entire knee joint.What is the main muscle,tissues,and membrane that would have been damaged?

A)skeletal muscle,connective tissues,and the synovial membrane
B)skeletal muscle,connective tissues,and the mucous membrane
C)smooth muscle,connective tissues,and the synovial membrane
D)skeletal muscle,connective tissues,and the serous membrane
E)None of the answer choices is correct.