Deck 21: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis

Question 1

The base sequence of the strand of DNA complementary to the segment 5'-T-G-G-C-A-A-C-3' is:

A) 3'-T-G-G-C-A-A-C-5'
B) 3'-A-C-C-G-T-T-G-5'
C) 3'-A-C-C-G-U-U-G-5'
D) 3'-U-C-C-G-T-T-G-5'
E) 3'-A-C-G-C-T-U-G-5'

Answer 1

3'-A-C-C-G-T-T-G-5'

Question 2

What is the process in which the DNA double helix unfolds, and each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new strand?

A) transcription
B) complementation
C) translation
D) replication
E) restriction

Answer 2

replication

Question 3

When DNA replicates, a guanine forms a base pair with

A) uracil.
B) adenine.
C) guanine.
D) thymine.
E) cytosine.

Answer 3

cytosine.

Question 4

Which of the following is found in RNA but not in DNA?

A) thymine
B) uracil
C) guanine
D) cytosine
E) deoxyribose

Question 5

A __________ consists of a nitrogen-containing base, a sugar, and a phosphate group.

A) nucleoside
B) base pair
C) nucleotide
D) complementary base
E) purine

Question 6

The bonds that link the base pairs in the DNA double helix are

A) ionic bonds.
B) peptide bonds.
C) hydrogen bonds.
D) hydrophobic bonds.
E) ester bonds.

Question 7

When DNA duplicates itself, the correct placement of the nucleotides is accomplished by

A) complementary base pairing.
B) polymerase.
C) enzyme matching.
D) base matching.
E) transcription.

Question 8

Which one of the following base pairs is found in DNA?

A) adenine-thymine
B) adenine-guanine
C) cytosine-thymine
D) adenine-uracil
E) guanine-uracil

Question 9

The nucleotides in the backbone of DNA are held together by __________ bonds.

A) hydrogen
B) peptide
C) phosphodiester
D) glycosidic
E) ionic

Question 10

Which of the following can NOT be found in a nucleotide of RNA?

A) purine
B) pyrimidine
C) phosphate
D) ribose
E) deoxyribose

Question 11

The two new DNA molecules formed in replication

A) are complementary to the original DNA.
B) both contain only two new daughter DNA strands.
C) both contain only the parent DNA strands.
D) contain one parent and one daughter strand.
E) are identical, with one containing both parent strands, and the other containing both daughter strands.

Question 12

Which of the following types of RNA carries the genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis?

A) mRNA
B) histone RNA
C) rRNA
D) tRNA
E) sRNA

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a step in DNA replication?

A) Hydrogen bonds break, allowing the two DNA strands to separate completely.
B) A base on the DNA pairs with its complementary base free in solution.
C) DNA polymerase forms bonds between a 5'-phosphate of one nucleotide and a 3'-hydroxyl of another.
D) On one strand the DNA is synthesized continuously.
E) DNA ligase connects short segments of DNA on one strand.

Question 14

A __________ consists of a nitrogen-containing base and a sugar.

A) nucleoside
B) base pair
C) nucleotide
D) complementary base
E) pyrimidine

Question 15

The two strands of the double helix of DNA are held together by

A) hydrogen bonds.
B) covalent bonds.
C) dipole-dipole interactions.
D) ionic bonds.
E) sugar-to-phosphate bonds.

Question 16

Guanine is one example of a nitrogen base that is a

A) cofactor.
B) 5-carbon sugar.
C) phosphodiester.
D) pyrimidine.
E) purine.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

A) Cytosine and Thymine are a complementary base pair that forms 3 hydrogen bonds.
B) Thymine and Guanine are a complementary base pair that forms 3 hydrogen bonds.
C) Cytosine and Guanine are a complementary base pair that forms 2 hydrogen bonds.
D) Thymine and Adenine are a complementary base pair that forms 2 hydrogen bonds.
E) Thymine and Guanine are a complementary base pair that forms 2 hydrogen bonds.

Question 18

Which of the following hold two strands of DNA in an a helix?

A) ester linkages
B) disulfide linkages
C) peptide bonds
D) hydrogen bonds
E) glycosidic linkages

Question 19

Which of the following can be found in DNA?

A) ribose
B) GMP
C) uracil
D) deoxyadenosine
E) FMN

Question 20

Which of the following will not be found in DNA?

A) adenine
B) thymine
C) guanine
D) cytosine
E) ribose

Question 21

When a mutation occurs by elimination of one base in a DNA sequence, this mutation is called a

A) frameshift mutation.
B) retrovirus insertion.
C) substitution mutation.
D) translocation mutation.
E) viral mutation.

Question 22

In transcription

A) the mRNA produced is identical to the parent DNA.
B) a double helix containing one parent strand and one daughter strand is produced.
C) uracil pairs with thymine.
D) both strands of the DNA are copied.
E) the mRNA produced is complementary to one strand of the DNA.

Question 23

When mRNA is synthesized using the information from DNA, the process is called

A) transportation.
B) transposition.
C) transcription.
D) translation.
E) transliteration.

Question 24

Which of the following is not a step in protein synthesis?

A) activation of tRNA
B) initiation
C) elongation
D) termination
E) unwinding of two strands of mRNA

Question 25

The codon is found on __________, and the anticodon is found on __________.

A) mRNA; tRNA
B) tRNA; mRNA
C) rRNA; tRNA
D) ribosomes; tRNA
E) mRNA; rRNA

Question 26

Mutations are the result of

A) alterations in the phosphate of the DNA backbone.
B) exposure to water in utero.
C) physical trauma in the mother's childhood.
D) alterations in the sugar component of the DNA backbone.
E) alterations in the DNA base sequence.

Question 27

During protein synthesis, the codon for an amino acid is found on

A) DNA.
B) rRNA.
C) tRNA.
D) mRNA.
E) sRNA.

Question 28

Some sections of a DNA molecule do not code for protein synthesis. These segments are called

A) codons.
B) anticodons.
C) Okazaki fragments.
D) introns.
E) exons.

Question 29

A tRNA is activated when it

A) attaches to mRNA.
B) attaches to its specific amino acid.
C) attaches to the ribosome.
D) leaves the ribosome.
E) releases its specific amino acid.

Question 30

Which one of these base pairs is found in RNA?

A) guanine-cytosine
B) adenine-cytosine
C) adenine-thymine
D) adenine-guanine
E) guanine-thymine

Question 31

A DNA template having the base sequence 3'-A-G-A-T-G-A-5' would produce a mRNA with a base sequence of

A) 5'-A-G-A-T-G-A-3'.
B) 5'-U-C-U-A-C-U-3'.
C) 5'-T-C-T-U-C-T-3'.
D) 5'-T-C-T-A-C-A-3'.
E) 5'-A-C-A-U-C-A-3'.

Question 32

In the synthesis of mRNA, an adenine in the DNA pairs with

A) uracil.
B) adenine.
C) guanine.
D) thymine.
E) cytosine.

Question 33

In the enzyme induction model of cellular control,

A) cofactors control protein synthesis.
B) the substrate controls protein synthesis.
C) the substrate combines with a protein to form a repressor.
D) the enzyme for the substrate is always synthesized by the gene.
E) the substrate represses the operator.

Question 34

The anticodon of U-A-G is

A) A-T-C.
B) U-A-G.
C) A-A-C.
D) A-U-C.
E) G-A-U.

Question 35

The result of a defective enzyme caused by a mutation in the DNA nucleotide sequence is

A) a genetic disease.
B) AIDS.
C) HIV.
D) recombinant DNA.
E) translocation.

Question 36

The anticodon is

A) identical to the codon on DNA.
B) complementary to the codon on DNA.
C) identical to the codon on mRNA.
D) complementary to the codon on mRNA.
E) complementary to the codon on tRNA.

Question 37

Codons are base pair sequences that

A) signal the start of DNA synthesis.
B) signal the end of DNA synthesis.
C) code for amino acids.
D) signal the start of RNA synthesis.
E) code for one or more bases in mRNA.

Question 38

A set of directions in the DNA base sequence for the synthesis of a protein is a(n)

A) structural gene.
B) promotor.
C) operator.
D) codon.
E) regulatory gene.

Question 39

Which of the following is a section of mRNA produced from the DNA template below? 3'-A-T-A-G-C-T-A-5'

A) 5'-A-T-A-G-C-T-A-3'
B) 5'-A-U-A-G-C-U-A-3'
C) 5'-U-A-U-C-G-A-U-3'
D) 5'-U-U-U-G-C-U-U-3'
E) 5'-T-A-T-C-G-A-T-3'

Question 40

Translation is the process whereby

A) DNA is synthesized from DNA.
B) DNA is synthesized from mRNA.
C) protein is synthesized from DNA.
D) protein is synthesized from mRNA.
E) mRNA is synthesized from DNA.

Question 41

Which of the following is used in the preparation of recombinant DNA?

A) RNA polymerase
B) DNA polymerase
C) repressor protein
D) restriction enzyme
E) enzyme induction

Question 42

A virus that contains RNA as its genetic material is a

A) genetically engineered virus.
B) bacteria.
C) recombinant DNA.
D) retrovirus.
E) vaccine.

Question 43

Adenine is a purine.

Question 44

The polymerase chain reaction is used in

A) preparing recombinant DNA.
B) transcription.
C) DNA fingerprinting.
D) translation.
E) replication.

Question 45

The purpose of the human genome project was to

A) identify genes responsible for noninheritable diseases.
B) determine how to clone human DNA.
C) identify substrates for the polymerase chain reaction.
D) learn how to clone bacterial DNA.
E) map the locations of all the genes in human DNA.

Question 46

Recombinant DNA technology requires the use of bacterial

A) plasmids.
B) mitochondria.
C) endoplasmic reticulum.
D) ribosomes.
E) cell walls.

Question 47

If the DNA double helix in humans contains 20% guanine, then the percent adenine is 30%.

Question 48

If the DNA double helix in humans contains 20% guanine, then the percent cytosine is 30%.

Question 49

The insertion of new DNA into the plasmid DNA of a bacterium produces

A) viral DNA.
B) DNA fingerprints.
C) recombinant DNA.
D) ribosomes.
E) restriction enzymes.

Question 50

In the DNA double helix, a purine can only bond with a pyrimidine.

Question 51

One therapeutic product now available due to recombinant DNA technology is

A) measles vaccine.
B) penicillin.
C) human growth hormone.
D) sulfamethoxazole.
E) tamoxifen.

Question 52

DNA is a protein.

Question 53

DNA differs from RNA in the sugar it contains.

Question 54

A restriction enzyme functions to

A) prevent the DNA from leaving the nucleus.
B) limit the number of replications a DNA molecule can achieve.
C) cut a large DNA double helix into smaller fragments.
D) stop the elongation step of protein synthesis.
E) eliminate a virus from a cell.

Question 55

Small living particles, with 3 to 200 genes, that cannot replicate without a host cell are called

A) recombinant DNAs.
B) viruses.
C) bacteria.
D) tumors.
E) plasmids.

Question 56

DNA fingerprinting uses __________ to produce DNA fragments that can be separated and screened for the presence of genetic diseases.

A) extracellular DNA
B) restriction enzymes
C) bacterial plasmids
D) anticodons
E) codons

Question 57

In the study of genetics, the abbreviation PCR refers to

A) purine chain repression.
B) pyrimidine complement restriction.
C) purine coded ribose.
D) protein combination and replication.
E) polymerase chain reaction.

Question 58

Protease inhibitors, which are effective anti-HIV drugs,

A) are nucleoside analogs.
B) prevent reverse transcription.
C) prevent synthesis of viral proteins.
D) prevent mRNA synthesis.
E) prevent activation of tRNA.

Question 59

Uracil is a pyrimidine.

Question 60

A nucleotide consists of only a base and a sugar.

Question 61

The DNA complement of the sequence 5'-G-C-C-A-T-3' is 3'-G-C-C-A-T-5'.

Question 62

Match the following.
the nucleic acid that contains the codons for the amino acids of a protein

A)rRNA
B)mRNA
C)tRNA
D)DNA

Question 63

Match the following.
picks up the specific amino acids for protein synthesis

A)rRNA
B)mRNA
C)tRNA
D)DNA

Question 64

Match the following.
contains within the nucleus of the cell the information for the synthesis of protein

A)rRNA
B)mRNA
C)tRNA
D)DNA

Question 65

Match the correct term with the statement.
the portion of a gene that turns the synthesis of a specific mRNA on or off

A)operon
B)operator
C)promotor
D)repressor

Question 66

mRNA is the smallest type of RNA.

Question 67

Human DNA contains many nucleotides that are not used in genes.

Question 68

AZT is a drug used in the treatment of colds.

Question 69

Messenger RNA carries protein synthesis information from the nucleus to the ribosomes.

Question 70

Okazaki fragments are short segments formed by DNA polymerase in the daughter DNA strand that runs in the 3' to 5' direction.

Question 71

A retrovirus uses DNA as its genetic material.

Question 72

Match the following.
the nucleic acid that contains a single anticodon for a specific amino acid

A)rRNA
B)mRNA
C)tRNA
D)DNA

Question 73

DNA fingerprinting is not yet used to detect genes for cancer susceptibility.

Question 74

Match the following.
the most abundant nucleic acid in the ribosomes

A)rRNA
B)mRNA
C)tRNA
D)DNA

Question 75

Down syndrome is an acquired disease, not a genetic disease.

Question 76

If the DNA double helix in humans contains 20% guanine, then the percent cytosine is 20%.

Question 77

Match the following.
synthesized by the DNA to carry the genetic message to the ribosomes

A)rRNA
B)mRNA
C)tRNA
D)DNA

Question 78

Human insulin can be made with the use of recombinant DNA technology.

Question 79

A retrovirus contains DNA as its genetic material and that synthesizes a complementary RNA strand inside a cell.

Question 80

RNA contains no phosphate.