Deck 16: Carboxylic Acids and Esters

Question 1

What is the method of preparing carboxylic acids from alcohols or aldehydes?

A) reduction
B) hydration
C) oxidation
D) saponification
E) hydrolysis

Answer 1

oxidation

Question 2

What is the irritating acid found in ant and bee stings?

A) acetic acid
B) formic acid
C) citric acid
D) butyric acid
E) stearic acid

Answer 2

formic acid

Question 3

What α-hydroxy acid is found predominantly in grapes?

A) tartaric acid
B) citric acid
C) lactic acid
D) glycolic acid
E) benzoic acid

Answer 3

tartaric acid

Question 4

Which of the following is found in vinegar?

A) nitric acid
B) formic acid
C) acetic acid
D) propionic acid
E) butyric acid

Question 5

What is the common name of the compound? is

A) acetic acid.
B) propanoic acid.
C) propionic acid.
D) butanoic acid.
E) butyric acid.

Question 6

In the compound below, the hydroxyl group is in which position?

A) α
B) β
C) γ
D) δ
E) ε

Question 7

Which organic acid accounts for the odor of rancid butter?

A) propionic acid
B) acetic acid
C) formic acid
D) butyric acid
E) ethanoic acid

Question 8

What kind of taste do carboxylic acids have?

A) sweet
B) sour
C) fruity
D) slippery
E) oily

Question 9

A carboxylic acid is prepared from an aldehyde by

A) oxidation.
B) reduction.
C) hydrolysis.
D) neutralization.
E) hydrogenation.

Question 10

What is the IUPAC name for this compound?

A) pentanoic acid.
B) 2-methylbutanoic acid.
C) 3-methylbutanoic acid.
D) 2-methyl butyric acid.
E) 2-methyl-4-butanoic acid.

Question 11

Which of these functional groups is likely to give a sour taste to a food?

A) ester
B) ether
C) ketone
D) carboxylic acid
E) thiol

Question 12

What significant side effect is seen with α-hydroxy acid use?

A) UV sensitivity
B) increased thirst
C) nausea
D) increased susceptibility to infection
E) gastric irritation

Question 13

Which functional group is a carboxylic acid?

A) - OH
B) $\begin{array} { c } \mathrm { O } \\\| \\\quad- \mathrm { C } \mathrm { OH }\end{array}$
C) $\begin{array} { c } \mathrm { O } \\\mathrm { || } \\\quad\quad- \mathrm { C } - \mathrm { O } -\end{array}$
D) $\begin{array} { c } \mathrm { OH } \\\mathrm { | } \\\quad\quad- \mathrm { C } - \mathrm { OH }\\\mathrm { | } \\\end{array}$
E) - CH?OH

Question 14

What therapeutic use is made of α-hydroxy acids?

A) ulcer treatment
B) fever reduction
C) antibiotic
D) reduction of skin pigmentation
E) sunscreen

Question 15

The functional group in acetic acid is called the

A) hydroxyl group.
B) aldehyde group.
C) carbonyl group.
D) carboxyl group.
E) ester group.

Question 16

The compound below is named

A) benzoic acid amine.
B) m-aminobenzoic acid.
C) 2-acid aniline.
D) benzamide.
E) m-benzoic acid aniline.

Question 17

W hat is the common name for ethanoic acid?

A) butyric acid
B) formic acid
C) citric acid
D) stearic acid
E) acetic acid

Question 18

What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?

A) propyl butanoate
B) butanoic acid
C) 1-butanal
D) 1-butanoate
E) propyl methanoate

Question 19

What is the IUPAC name for this compound?

A) pentanoic acid
B) γ-methylbutanoic acid
C) 3-methylbutanoic acid
D) γ-methyl butyric acid
E) 2-methyl-4-butanoic acid

Question 20

In the common naming convention for carboxylic acids, what is the correct Greek letter used for the carbon adjacent to the carboxyl group?

A) α
B) β
C) γ
D) δ
E) ε

Question 21

What happens to water solubility as chain length increases in carboxylic acids?

A) It increases.
B) It decreases.
C) It stays the same.

Question 22

The neutralization of formic acid by NaOH produces

A) sodium formate as the only product.
B) formate ion and hydronium ion.
C) sodium formaldehyde.
D) methyl alcohol.
E) sodium formate and H₂O

Question 23

Which of the following is the reaction for the ionization of β-hydroxypropanoic acid in water?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 24

This functional group is known as a(n) $\begin{array} { c } \mathrm { O } \\\mathrm { || } \\\quad\quad\quad- \mathrm { C } - \mathrm { O } - \mathrm { C }\end{array}$

A) ester.
B) carboxylic acid.
C) alcohol.
D) aldehyde.
E) acetal.

Question 25

Which of the following is the reaction for the neutralization of β-hydroxybutyric acid with NaOH?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 26

Which compound below contains an ester functional group?

A)
B) CH3-CH₂-O-CH₂-CH3
C)
D)
E)

Question 27

What kind of intermolecular bonding occurs between carboxylic acids?

A) ionic bonding
B) nonpolar bonding
C) covalent bonding
D) hydrogen bonding
E) charge-transfer bonding

Question 28

What common use is made of sodium propionate and sodium benzoate?

A) flavor enhancer
B) preservative
C) pH adjuster
D) disinfectant
E) decongestant

Question 29

The structural formula of the carboxylic acid produced by the oxidation of 2,2-dimethyl-1-propanol is

A)
B)
C)
D) $$\begin{array} { c } \quad\mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \quad \mathrm { O } \\\quad\quad\mathrm { |} \quad \mathrm { ||} \\\quad\mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { C } - \mathrm { COH } \\\mathrm {| } \\\mathrm { CH }_ { 3 } \end{array}$$
E) $$\begin{array} { c } \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \\\mathrm { |} \\\quad\mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \mathrm { C } - \mathrm { OH } \\\mathrm {| } \\\mathrm { CH }_ { 3 } \end{array}$$

Question 30

What metabolic product of pyruvic acid is formed anaerobically during exercise?

A) lactic acid
B) citric acid
C) malic acid
D) acetic acid
E) β-ketoglutaric acid

Question 31

The reactants that will form an ester in the presence of an acid catalyst are

A) two carboxylic acids.
B) two alcohols.
C) a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.
D) an aldehyde and an alcohol.
E) two aldehydes.

Question 32

In water solution, how does dilute acetic acid behave?

A) as a strong acid
B) as a weak acid
C) as a strong base
D) as a weak base
E) as a neutral compound

Question 33

What is the product of the reaction of pentanoic acid with ethanol in the presence of a strong acid?

A) pentyl ethanoate
B) ethyl pentanoate
C) pentyl acetate
D) heptanoic acid

Question 34

A carboxylic acid is named in the IUPAC system by replacing the -e in the name of the parent alkane with

A) -oic acid.
B) -oic.
C) -carboxylic acid.
D) acid.
E) -oate.

Question 35

Which of the following compounds is most soluble in water?

A) CH₃-CH?-CH₃
B) CH₃-CH?-CH?- O - CH₃
C) CH₃-CH?-CH? -CH?- OH
D)
E) $$\begin{array} { c } \quad\mathrm { O } \\\quad\mathrm {| |} \\\quad\mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } -\mathrm { C } - \mathrm { OH } \\\end{array}$$

Question 36

Which of these is an acid formed in the citric acid cycle?

A) acetic acid
B) propionic acid
C) α-ketoglutaric acid
D) benzoic acid
E) palmitic acid

Question 37

What is the common use of monosodium glutamate?

A) as a preservative
B) as a disinfectant
C) as an anti-pyretic
D) as a flavor enhancer
E) as a spoilage inhibitor

Question 38

Why do carboxylic acids have higher boiling points than similar alcohols or aldehydes?

A) They form dimers that are relatively stable.
B) They are more water soluble.
C) They have higher molecular weights.
D) They have an additional oxygen atom.
E) The carboxylic acid chain is not linear.

Question 39

Which carboxylic acid in the list below is an aromatic carboxylic acid?

A) acetic acid
B) benzoic acid
C) butyric acid
D) benzene
E) citric acid

Question 40

When compared to sulfuric acid, how strong are carboxylic acids?

A) stronger
B) just as strong
C) weaker
D) not acidic at all

Question 41

The reaction of an ester with NaOH is known as

A) esterification.
B) neutralization.
C) saponification.
D) reduction.
E) oxidation.

Question 42

The alcohol and carboxylic acid required to form propyl ethanoate are

A) methanol and propionic acid.
B) ethanol and propionic acid.
C) propanol and propanoic acid.
D) 1-propanol and ethanoic acid.
E) 2-propanol and ethanoic acid.

Question 43

Alpha-hydroxy acids should be used at concentrations under 10% in skin care products.

Question 44

From what component is the first part of the IUPAC name of an ester (such as methyl acetate) derived?

A) the carboxylic acid
B) the alcohol
C) the ether
D) the ester
E) the amide

Question 45

The splitting apart of an ester in the presence of a strong acid and water is called

A) hydrolysis.
B) saponification.
C) neutralization.
D) esterification.
E) reduction.

Question 46

Benzoic acid is an aromatic carboxylic acid.

Question 47

What is the name of the structure formed when a soap coats an oily particle to make it water soluble?

A) micelle
B) cluster
C) liposome
D) dimer
E) lipid

Question 48

What is the product of the reaction of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid when reacted together under acidic conditions?

A) an ether
B) an ester
C) a salt
D) a ketone
E) an aldehyde

Question 49

Which part of a soap is responsible for its ability to dissolve fats and oily dirt?

A) the hydrophilic end
B) the hydrophobic end
C) the carboxylate
D) the ionized oxygen
E) the carbonyl group

Question 50

What is the common name of this compound?

A) ethyl methyl ester
B) diethyl ester
C) ethyl methanoate
D) 2-ether-2-butanone
E) ethyl acetate

Question 51

Which of the following is the reaction for the saponification of methyl acetate?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 52

The major acidic component of vinegar is formic acid.

Question 53

Many of the fragrances of flowers and the flavors of fruits are due to

A) ethers.
B) carboxylic acids.
C) esters.
D) amines.
E) amides.

Question 54

Derivatives of which aromatic carboxylic acid have been used as analgesics, antipyretics, and anti-inflammatory agents?

A) benzoic acid
B) anthranilic acid
C) naphthenic acid
D) p-toluenesulfonic acid
E) salicylic acid

Question 55

Carboxylic acids are responsible for the sweet taste of fruits and vegetables.

Question 56

Which of the following is the reaction for the acid hydrolysis of ethyl formate?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 57

Which of these compounds is the ester formed from the reaction of acetic acid and 1-propanol?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 58

What chemical process is responsible for the smell of vinegar in an old bottle of aspirin?

A) reduction
B) hydration
C) hydrolysis
D) esterification
E) dissolution

Question 59

It is always safe to use any commercial skin care product without doing a test patch first.

Question 60

Name the following compound.

A) ethyl propyl ether
B) ethyl propanoate
C) ethyl butanoate
D) hexanoic acid
E) 4-hexanal

Question 61

Identify the family for each of the following compounds.

A)carboxylic acid
B)ketone
C)ester

Question 62

The ester formed from butyl alcohol and acetic acid is called butyl acetate.

Question 63

Carboxylic acids with more than five carbons are very water soluble.

Question 64

An ester is derived from an alcohol and a carboxylic acid.

Question 65

Polyesters are plastics that are used to make fabrics, bottles, and medical devices such as heart valves.

Question 66

Butyl alcohol is one of the reactants used to make methyl butyrate.

Question 67

The Krebs cycle is a process that the cell uses to produce energy.

Question 68

When in solution, carboxylic acids are mostly in their ionized forms.

Question 69

Aspirin that has a smell of vinegar has broken down by hydrolysis.

Question 70

Carboxylic acids with four or fewer carbons are very water soluble.

Question 71

Sodium propionate is a common disinfectant.

Question 72

Long chain carboxylic acids are also known as fatty acids.

Question 73

The Krebs cycle and the citric acid cycle are different processes.

Question 74

Esters are formed from the reaction of an ether with a carboxylic acid.

Question 75

Methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen) is used therapeutically as a counter-irritant.

Question 76

The boiling points of carboxylic acids are lower than the corresponding alcohols.

Question 77

Soaps are salts of long chain fatty acids.

Question 78

Sodium benzoate is a common preservative.

Question 79

Citric acid is an important part of glycolysis.

Question 80

Carboxylic acids are strong acids.