Deck 15: Carbohydrates

Question 1

Hyperglycemia is a condition in which

A) the glucose level in the blood is about 100 mg/dL.
B) the amount of glucose in the urine is lower than normal.
C) the glucose level in the blood is higher than normal.
D) the glucose level in the pancreas is lower than normal.
E) the glucose level in the liver is lower than normal.

Answer 1

the glucose level in the blood is higher than normal.

Question 2

In the L- isomer of a Fischer projection of a monosaccharide, the -OH group furthest from the carbonyl is written

A) on the left of the top chiral carbon.
B) on the right of the top chiral carbon.
C) on the left of the middle chiral carbon.
D) on the left of the bottom chiral carbon.
E) on the right of the bottom chiral carbon.

Answer 2

on the left of the bottom chiral carbon.

Question 3

Ribulose has the following structural formula. To what carbohydrate class does ribulose belong? CH₂OH
∣
C =O
∣
H - C - OH
∣
H - C - OH
∣
CH₂OH

A) aldotetrose
B) aldopentose
C) ketotetrose
D) ketopentose
E) ketohexose

Answer 3

ketopentose

Question 4

A monosaccharide that contains 4 carbon atoms, one of which is in an aldehyde group, is classified as a(n)

A) aldopentose.
B) aldohexose.
C) ketopentose.
D) aldotetrose.
E) ketotetrose.

Question 5

Which Fischer projection is the mirror image of the structure given below?

A) $\begin{array} { c } \mathrm { Br } \\\mathrm { | } \\\mathrm { HO } - \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \\ \mathrm { || } \\\mathrm { Cl }\end{array}$
B) $\quad$$\quad$$\mathrm { Br }$
$\quad$$\quad$ |
$\mathrm { Cl } - \mathrm { OH }$
$\quad$$\quad$ |
$\quad$$\quad$$\mathrm { CH } _ { 3 }$
C)
D)
E)

Question 6

A carbohydrate that gives two molecules when it is completely hydrolyzed is known as a

A) monosaccharide.
B) disaccharide.
C) polysaccharide.
D) starch.
E) trisaccharide.

Question 7

The breakdown of carbohydrates to carbon dioxide and water in the body is called

A) reduction
B) respiration.
C) photosynthesis.
D) anabolism.
E) mutarotation.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of a ketopentose?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 9

One difference between D-glucose and L-glucose is

A) the open-chain form of L-glucose does not exist.
B) it is not possible to make L-glucose.
C) L-glucose has a 5-membered ring , and D-glucose has a 6-membered ring.
D) only D-glucose is found in disaccharides and polysaccharides.
E) L-glucose cannot form a closed structure.

Question 10

Hypoglycemia is a condition in which

A) the glucose level in the blood is about 100 mg/dL.
B) the amount of glucose in the urine is higher than normal.
C) the glucose level in the blood is higher than normal.
D) the glucose level in the pancreas is higher than normal.
E) the glucose level in the blood is lower than normal.

Question 11

Galactose has the structure shown below. It can be classified as a(n)

A) ribose.
B) ketose.
C) disaccharide.
D) monosaccharide.
E) ketone.

Question 12

Galactosemia is the name of a metabolic disorder. In this disorder, an enzyme is missing that is needed to

A) make galactose from lactose.
B) make lactose from galactose.
C) convert galactose to glycogen.
D) convert galactose to glucose.
E) convert α-galactose to β-galactose.

Question 13

Fructose does not undergo hydrolysis because it is a

A) aldose.
B) hexose.
C) reducing sugar.
D) monosaccharide.
E) disaccharide.

Question 14

Photosynthesis uses __________ as an energy source.

A) glucose
B) carbon dioxide
C) chlorophyll
D) oxygen
E) sunlight

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of an aldopentose?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 16

The sugar also known as dextrose and blood sugar is

A) glucose.
B) galactose.
C) fructose.
D) lactose.
E) sucrose.

Question 17

A monosaccharide that consists of 5 carbon atoms, one of which is in a ketone group, is classified as a(n)

A) aldotetrose.
B) aldopentose.
C) aldohexose.
D) ketotetrose.
E) ketopentose.

Question 18

Which group of carbohydrates cannot be hydrolyzed to give smaller molecules?

A) monosaccharides
B) disaccharides
C) trisaccharides
D) oligosaccharides
E) polysaccharides

Question 19

During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water are converted to glucose and oxygen by

A) large animals.
B) insects.
C) mushrooms.
D) green plants.
E) earthworms.

Question 20

The breakdown of glucose to chemical energy for the cells to do work is an example of

A) oxidation.
B) respiration.
C) reduction.
D) anabolism.
E) mutarotation.

Question 21

Amylose is a form of starch which has

A) only β-1,4-bonds between glucose units.
B) only α-1,4-links bonds glucose units.
C) both α-1,4-and β-1,4-bonds between glucose units.
D) hemiacetal links joining glucose units.
E) carbon-carbon bonds joining glucose units.

Question 22

Refer to the disaccharides below to answer the question(s) that follow.
The disaccharide above contains a(n) __________-glycosidic linkage.

A) α-1,4
B) β-1,4
C) α-2,4
D) β-2,4
E) α-2,6

Question 23

Refer to the disaccharides below to answer the question(s) that follow.
Hydrolysis of the disaccharide above gives the monosaccharides

A) fructose and ribose.
B) fructose and galactose.
C) ribose and glucose.
D) ribose and galactose.
E) fructose and lactose.

Question 24

Which of the following contains a β-1,4-glycosidic bond?

A) galactose
B) lactose
C) maltose
D) sucrose
E) amylose

Question 25

In a disaccharide, two monosaccharides are joined by what kind of bond?

A) double
B) anomeric
C) alcohol
D) glycosidic
E) rotational

Question 26

Aspartame® and Saccharin® are two examples of

A) disaccharides.
B) polysaccharides.
C) chlorosaccharides.
D) alcohol sweeteners.
E) noncarbohydrate sweeteners.

Question 27

The reduction of monosaccharides produces

A) sugar alcohols.
B) disaccharides.
C) trisaccharides.
D) sugar acids.
E) polysaccharides.

Question 28

Maltose can be classified as a(n)

A) disaccharide.
B) polysaccharide.
C) ketose.
D) pentose.
E) oligosaccharide.

Question 29

Galactose is a product of enzymatic hydrolysis of

A) lactose.
B) glucose.
C) maltose.
D) erythrose.
E) sucrose.

Question 30

The conversion between α and β anomers is called __________.

A) oxidation
B) reduction
C) glycoside
D) mutarotation
E) hydrolysis

Question 31

Refer to the disaccharides below to answer the question(s) that follow.
In the figure above, the monosaccharide unit on the right is a(n)

A) aldopentose.
B) ketopentose.
C) aldohexose.
D) aldoheptose.
E) ketohexose.

Question 32

Which sugar is NOT a reducing sugar?

A) glucose
B) fructose
C) galactose
D) maltose
E) sucrose

Question 33

Under acid hydrolysis conditions, starch is converted to

A) glucose.
B) xylose.
C) maltose.
D) galactose.
E) fructose.

Question 34

Maltose is a

A) monosaccharide.
B) disaccharide.
C) trisaccharide.
D) polysaccharide.
E) phosphosaccharide.

Question 35

Humans cannot digest cellulose because they

A) lack the necessary enzymes to digest β-glycosides.
B) are allergic to β-glycosides.
C) are poisoned by β-glycosides.
D) have intestinal flora which use up β-glycosides.
E) cannot digest chlorophyll.

Question 36

Which of the following contains α-1,6-branches?

A) amylose
B) glycogen
C) cellulose
D) sucrose
E) maltose

Question 37

A glycosidic bond between two monosaccharides can also be classified as a(n)

A) double bond.
B) ester bond.
C) ether bond.
D) achiral bond.
E) alcohol bond.

Question 38

Cellulose is not digestible by humans because it contains glucose units linked by __________-glycosidic bonds.

A) α-1,2
B) α-1,4
C) α-1,6
D) β-1,2
E) β-1,4

Question 39

Refer to the disaccharides below to answer the question(s) that follow.
In the figure above, the monosaccharide unit on the left is a(n)

A) aldopentose.
B) ketopentose.
C) aldohexose.
D) aldoheptose.
E) ketohexose.

Question 40

Galactose has the structure shown below. Which anomer is shown?

A) the α anomer
B) the β anomer
C) the D anomer
D) the L anomer
E) none of the above

Question 41

Cellulose will give a positive Benedict's test.

Question 42

Identify each Fischer projection as the D- or L-isomer.

Question 43

Fructose is a ketohexose.

Question 44

Sucrose is a reducing sugar.

Question 45

Fructose is also known as dextrose.

Question 46

The product of oxidation of an aldose is a carboxylic acid.

Question 47

State whether each of these structures is the α- or β-form.

Question 48

A monosaccharide can be hydrolyzed to smaller units.

Question 49

Identify each Fischer projection as the D- or L-isomer.

Question 50

Identify each Fischer projection as the D- or L-isomer.

Question 51

A reducing sugar gives a precipitate of silver metal with Benedict's reagent.

Question 52

State whether each of these structures is the α- or β-form.

Question 53

Identify each Fischer projection as the D- or L-isomer.

Question 54

In the α anomer of glucose, the OH on carbon 1 is above the plane of the ring.

Question 55

Identify each Fischer projection as the D- or L-isomer.

Question 56

Maltose is a reducing sugar.

Question 57

The product of reduction of mannose is mannic acid.

Question 58

State whether each of these structures is the α- or β-form.

Question 59

State whether each of these structures is the α- or β-form.

Question 60

State whether each of these structures is the α- or β-form.

Question 61

Glucose is stored in animals as glycogen.

Question 62

The product of reduction of xylose is xylitol.

Question 63

The iodine test is used to detect the presence of a reducing sugar.

Question 64

Sucrose is a disaccharide.

Question 65

Galactose is a disaccharide.

Question 66

Sucrose is made up of glucose units only.

Question 67

Amylopectin is a straight-chain polysaccharide.