Deck 11: Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Alkanes

Question 1

Which one of the following is NOT an organic substance?

A) an antibiotic
B) nylon
C) coal
D) silk
E) salt, sodium chloride

Answer 1

salt, sodium chloride

Question 2

A hydrocarbon contains only the elements

A) hydrogen and oxygen.
B) carbon and oxygen.
C) carbon and hydrogen.
D) carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
E) carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen.

Answer 2

carbon and hydrogen.

Question 3

Generally, a solution of an organic compound in water will be electrically

A) highly conductive.
B) highly ionized.
C) nonconductive.
D) insulated.
E) charged.

Answer 3

nonconductive.

Question 4

As carbon bonds with atoms of increasingly higher electronegativities, the polarity of the bond

A) decreases.
B) increases.
C) stays the same.
D) reverses.
E) becomes inverted.

Question 5

The bond angles of tetravalent carbon are all approximately

A) 90°
B) 109°
C) 60°
D) 100°
E) 45°

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT typical of most organic compounds?

A) high melting point
B) poor solubility in water
C) low boiling point
D) covalent bonding
E) high flammability

Question 7

Organic chemistry is the study of the chemistry of compounds of

A) oxygen.
B) hydrogen.
C) living things.
D) polymers.
E) carbon.

Question 8

In a molecule with a symmetrical arrangement of polar bonds, the overall molecule is

A) highly polar.
B) somewhat polar.
C) nonpolar.
D) reverse polar.
E) strongly reverse polar.

Question 9

How many valence electrons does carbon have?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
E) five

Question 10

In a condensed structural formula, each carbon atom is

A) shown with all individual atoms and bonds drawn.
B) shown with only the other carbon atoms.
C) grouped with its bonded hydrogen atoms.
D) not explicitly shown.
E) written in lowercase letters.

Question 11

What is the condensed structural formula for an alkane with four carbon atoms?

A) CH3-CH=CH- CH3
B) CH3- CH₂- CH₂-CH3
C) C4H10
D) C - C - C - C
E)

Question 12

Carbon tetrachloride has a polar C-Cl bond. What is the overall polarity of the carbon tetrachloride molecule?

A) weakly polar
B) strongly polar
C) reversed polarity
D) nonpolar
E) inverse polarity

Question 13

Carbon atoms always have how many covalent bonds?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
E) five

Question 14

How does a molecule of a vitamin synthesized in the laboratory behave when compared to the behavior of the same vitamin isolated from a natural source (e.g., vitamin C synthesized, compared to vitamin C from rose hips)?

A) identical in every way
B) usually identical
C) Some effects are the same.
D) Few effects are the same.
E) The natural vitamin is better.

Question 15

A molecule containing a carbon atom bonded to four chlorine atoms has the shape of a

A) triangle.
B) rhombus.
C) square.
D) cube.
E) tetrahedron.

Question 16

An organic compound composed of carbon and hydrogen connected only by single bonds is an

A) alkane.
B) alkene.
C) alkyne.
D) aromatic compound.
E) alcohol.

Question 17

Which of these formulas is the expanded structural formula for an alkane with three carbon atoms?

A) C₃H6
B) C₃H₈
C) CH3- CH₂- CH3
D) C - C - C
E)

Question 18

A formula that shows the arrangement of all bonds in a molecule is called a(n)

A) molecular formula.
B) complete structural formula.
C) condensed structural formula.
D) condensed molecular formula.
E) isomeric formula.

Question 19

In the three-dimensional structure of methane, CH4, the hydrogen atoms attached to a carbon atom are aligned

A) in a straight line.
B) at the corners of a square.
C) at the corners of a tetrahedron.
D) at the corners of a rectangle.
E) at the corners of a cube.

Question 20

VSEPR theory predicts that simple carbon compounds will form bonds that are

A) as far apart as possible.
B) as close together as possible.
C) arranged in a straight line.
D) pointed to the corners of a cube.
E) pointed to the corners of a triangle.

Question 21

How many structural isomers are there for C2H4Cl₂?

A) none
B) one
C) two
D) three
E) four

Question 22

Which of the following pairs of compounds are structural isomers?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 23

What is the name for a seven-carbon continuous-chain alkane?

A) hexane
B) heptane
C) octane
D) nonane
E) decane

Question 24

What is the name of the continuous chain alkane with six carbon atoms?

A) butane
B) pentane
C) hexane
D) heptane
E) octane

Question 25

What is the name for a nine-carbon continuous-chain alkane?

A) hexane
B) heptane
C) octane
D) nonane
E) decane

Question 26

What is the IUPAC name for CH3 │
CH₂-CH₂-CH₂-CH3

A) 1-methylbutane.
B) 4-methylbutane.
C) pentane.
D) butane.
E) hexane.

Question 27

What is the name for a five-carbon continuous-chain alkane?

A) methane
B) ethane
C) propane
D) butane
E) pentane

Question 28

What is the name of ?

A) pentane
B) methylpentane
C) 2-methylpentane
D) 4-methylpentane
E) hexane

Question 29

What is the name for an eight-carbon continuous-chain alkane?

A) hexane
B) heptane
C) octane
D) nonane
E) decane

Question 30

What is the name of CH3- CH₂- CH₂-CH3?

A) ethane
B) propane
C) butane
D) pentane
E) hexane

Question 31

What is the IUPAC name of ?

A) 1,2-dichloro-3-methylpentane
B) 1,2-dichloro-3-methylcyclopentane
C) 1-methyl-2,3-dichlorocyclopentane
D) 3-methyl-1,2-dichlorocyclopentane
E) 1,2-dichloro-3-methylcyclobutane

Question 32

What is the name of

A) hexane
B) dimethylbutane
C) 3,3-dimethylbutane
D) 2,2-dimethylbutane
E) 2-dimethylbutane

Question 33

What is the IUPAC name for Cl-CH₂ -CH₂ - CH₂-Cl

A) 1,3-dichloropropane.
B) 1,1-dichloropropane.
C) dichloropropane.
D) 1,3-dichlorobutane.
E) propane dichloride.

Question 34

What is the name of this compound? CH3- CH₂- CH₂- CH₂-CH3

A) pentane
B) hexane
C) heptane
D) octane
E) methylbutane

Question 35

What is the name for a ten-carbon continuous-chain alkane?

A) hexane
B) heptane
C) octane
D) nonane
E) decane

Question 36

What is the name for a six-carbon continuous-chain alkane?

A) hexane
B) heptane
C) octane
D) nonane
E) decane

Question 37

What is the IUPAC name for CH3 ∣
CH3-CH₂-CH₂-CH- CH₂-CH3

A) 4-methylhexane.
B) 3-methylhexane.
C) heptane.
D) methylhexane.
E) 2-methylhexane.

Question 38

What is the name for a four-carbon continuous-chain alkane?

A) methane
B) ethane
C) propane
D) butane
E) pentane

Question 39

What is the name of this compound? CH3- CH₂- CH₂- CH₂- CH₂- CH₂-CH3

A) hexane
B) heptane
C) octane
D) butane
E) pentane

Question 40

The IUPAC name for CH₃ -Cl is

A) methyl chloride
B) chloromethane.
C) methanechlorine.
D) chloroethane.
E) methane chloride.

Question 41

When drawing a structural formula, the first step is to draw

A) the substituents.
B) the most highly substituted carbons.
C) the saturated carbons.
D) the main carbon chain.
E) the functional group.

Question 42

What is the name for this three-carbon alkyl group? CH3 - CH - CH3
|

A) n-propyl
B) iso-propyl
C) butyl
D) iso-butyl
E) ethyl

Question 43

What is the name for a one-carbon alkyl substituent?

A) methyl
B) ethyl
C) propyl
D) butyl
E) pentyl

Question 44

Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different arrangements of atoms are called

A) isomers.
B) isotopes.
C) indicators.
D) isozymes.
E) isometrics.

Question 45

What is the IUPAC name of this alkane?

A) 4-ethyl-2,2-dimethylpentane
B) 2-ethyl-4,4-dimethylpentane
C) 2,2,4-trimethylhexane
D) 2-ethyl-2,2-dimethylpentane
E) 3,5,5-trimethylhexane

Question 46

Which of the following pairs of formulas represent structural isomers?

A)
B) $\mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } - \mathrm { CH } _ { 2 } - \mathrm { CH } _ { 2 } - \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \text { and } \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } - \mathrm { CH } _ { 2 } - \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 }$
C)
D)
E)

Question 47

According to the IUPAC convention for chemical naming, which part of a hydrocarbon is selected as the main chain for a hydrocarbon chain?

A) the most highly branched chain
B) the shortest chain
C) the longest chain drawn in a straight line
D) the longest continuous chain, regardless of bends
E) the chain with the most substituted carbons in it

Question 48

According to the IUPAC convention, alkyl substituents on a hydrocarbon chain should be listed in which order?

A) alphabetical including prefixes
B) alphabetical without considering prefixes
C) in order with the substituent having the highest number of carbons first
D) in order with the substituent having the lowest number of carbons first
E) in order with the substituent having the highest total number of carbons first

Question 49

Which of the following pairs of compounds are structural isomers?

A)
B)
C)
D) $\mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } - \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } \text { and } \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 } - \mathrm { CH } _ { 2 } - \mathrm { CH } _ { 3 }$
E)

Question 50

Which of the following compounds could have the molecular formula C7H16?

A) hexane
B) pentane
C) 2-methylheptane
D) 2,3-dimethylpentane
E) 3-ethylhexane

Question 51

A cycloalkane

A) has two fewer carbon atoms than the corresponding alkane.
B) has two fewer hydrogen atoms than the corresponding alkane.
C) contains -CH3 groups joined by single bonds.
D) always contains a three carbon ring.
E) has no hydrogen atoms.

Question 52

What is the name for a two-carbon alkyl group?

A) methyl
B) ethyl
C) propyl
D) butyl
E) pentyl

Question 53

One reason for the very large number of organic compounds (compared to the total number of inorganic compounds) is

A) functional groups.
B) structural isomerism.
C) hydrogen bonding.
D) the occurrence of organic compounds in living things.
E) the electronegativity of carbon.

Question 54

What is the name of the alkyl group CH3-CH₂-CH₂-?

A) propane
B) methyl
C) ethane
D) ethyl
E) propyl

Question 55

Isomers are molecules that share the same formula and have

A) a different shape to the molecule.
B) the same arrangement of atoms within the molecule.
C) a different arrangement of atoms within the molecule.
D) identical boiling points.
E) the same shape in each molecule.

Question 56

What is the IUPAC name for this alkane?

A) 2-ethyl-3-methylpentane
B) 4-ethyl-3-methylpentane
C) 3, 4-dimethylhexane
D) 2, 3-diethylbutane
E) octane

Question 57

According to the IUPAC convention, alkyl group names should be located __________ of the name of the main chain.

A) in front
B) at the end
C) in the middle

Question 58

What is the name for a three-carbon saturated alkyl group?

A) methyl
B) ethyl
C) propyl
D) butyl
E) pentyl

Question 59

What is the name of this compound?

A) 1,1-dichlorobutane
B) 1,2,-dichlorobutane
C) 1,3-dichlorobutane
D) 1,4-dichlorobutane
E) dichlorobutane

Question 60

The simplest cycloalkane has

A) one carbon atom.
B) two carbon atoms.
C) three carbon atoms.
D) four carbon atoms
E) five carbon atoms.

Question 61

In the equation for the combustion of pentane, the coefficient of carbon dioxide is

A) one
B) two.
C) three.
D) four.
E) five.

Question 62

An alkyne is always a carbon compound that contains a __________ bond.

A) single
B) double
C) triple
D) aromatic
E) hydrogen

Question 63

The functional group contained in the compound CH₃CH₂COOCH₃ is a(n)

A) thiol.
B) carboxylic acid.
C) amine.
D) ester.
E) amide.

Question 64

The functional group contained in the compound is a(n)

A) aldehyde.
B) alkene.
C) alcohol.
D) ketone.
E) ether.

Question 65

The functional group contained in the compound CH₃CH₂SH is a(n)

A) thiol.
B) carboxylic acid.
C) amine.
D) ester.
E) amide.

Question 66

The reaction for the combustion of heptane is C₇H₁₆ + 11O₂ → 7CO₂ + 8H₂O.
How many liters of CO₂ at STP are produced from the complete combustion of 2.00 moles of heptane?

A) 44.8 L
B) 22.4 L
C) 157 L
D) 246 L
E) 314 L

Question 67

Which of the following is true of nonane, C9H₂0, which has a density of 0.79 g/mL, melts at -51 °C, and boils at 157 °C?

A) Nonane is soluble in water.
B) Nonane is a gas at room temperature.
C) Nonane is a solid at room temperature.
D) Nonane does not undergo combustion.
E) Nonane floats on the surface of water.

Question 68

The functional group contained in the compound CH₃CH₂CH=CHCH₃ is a(n)

A) aldehyde.
B) alkene.
C) alcohol.
D) ketone.
E) ether.

Question 69

The balanced equation for the complete combustion of C₅H₁₂ will give which of these product(s)?

A) CO₂ only
B) C₅H₁₂O₅ only
C) 5CO₂ + 5H₂O
D) 5CO₂ + 6H₂O
E) 10CO + 12H₂O

Question 70

The functional group contained in the compound CH₃CH₂OH is a(n)

A) aldehyde.
B) alkene.
C) alcohol.
D) ketone.
E) ether.

Question 71

A functional group is a certain group of atoms that

A) increases water solubility.
B) reacts in a predictable way whenever present.
C) changes the color of the molecule whenever present.
D) always contains oxygen or nitrogen.
E) never contains a halogen.

Question 72

The reaction of butane with oxygen is called

A) substitution.
B) addition.
C) neutralization.
D) combustion.
E) titration.

Question 73

Organic compounds that are poorly soluble in water behave that way because they are

A) highly polar.
B) moderately polar.
C) covalently bonded.
D) generally nonpolar.
E) ionically bonded.

Question 74

What type of compound is CH3-CH₂- CH3?

A) alkane
B) branched alkane
C) cycloalkane
D) haloalkane
E) isomer

Question 75

What is(are) the product(s) of the complete combustion of any hydrocarbon?

A) CO only
B) CO₂ only
C) CO + H₂O
D) CO₂ + H₂O
E) H₂O only

Question 76

Hydrocarbons are the primary constituents of

A) drugs.
B) food flavors.
C) fossil fuels.
D) fruit juices.
E) disinfectants.

Question 77

What type of compound is CH3CH₂CH₂Cl?

A) alkane
B) branched alkane
C) cycloalkane
D) haloalkane
E) isomer

Question 78

The functional group contained in the compound CH₃CH₂-O- CH₃ is a(n)

A) aldehyde.
B) alkene.
C) alcohol.
D) ketone.
E) ether.

Question 79

An alkene is always a carbon compound that contains a __________ bond.

A) single
B) double
C) triple
D) aromatic
E) hydrogen

Question 80

The special feature that determines the family name and chemical reactivity of the organic compound it is found in is called a(n)

A) functional group.
B) organic compound.
C) identifying group.
D) ionic bond.
E) covalent bond.