Deck 38: Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Question 1

A patient with classic Stage 1 BPD will have which of the following chest radiograph findings?

A) Ground-glass granular pattern
B) Emphysematous bullae
C) Honeycomb appearance
D) Mediastinal shift

Answer 1

Ground-glass granular pattern

Question 2

Which of the following can increase an infant's likelihood of developing BPD?

A) Birth weight >3000 g
B) Overfeeding
C) Use of beta2-agonists
D) Bacterial sepsis

Answer 2

Bacterial sepsis

Question 3

Which nutrient is essential for maintaining the epithelial cells of the tracheobronchial tree?

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin C
C) Carbohydrates
D) Proteins

Answer 3

Vitamin A

Question 4

Which of the following can increase an infant's likelihood of developing BPD?

A) Use of inhaled parasympatholytic agents
B) Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
C) High Apgar scores
D) Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS)

Question 5

What is the most common chronic lung disease of premature infants?

A) BPD
B) Asthma
C) Cystic fibrosis
D) TTN

Question 6

What is the most significant treatment of the neonate for the prevention of BPD?

A) Corticosteroids
B) Diuretic therapy
C) Vitamin E therapy
D) Exogenous surfactant

Question 7

What agent can be administered to a preterm infant to help reduce lung inflammation and the incidence of BPD?

A) Vitamin D
B) Bronchodilators
C) Ribavirin (VirazoleÒ)
D) Corticosteroids

Question 8

A neonate is reported to have classic Stage IV BPD with emphysematous lung changes. What pulmonary function test finding(s) would confirm this?
1) Increased RV/TLC ratio
2) Increased FRC
3) Decreased VC
4) Increased RV

A) 3
B) 1, 2
C) 2, 3, 4
D) 1, 2, 4

Question 9

What changes result when stress fractures of the capillary endothelium and basement membranes develop during mechanical ventilation?

A) Fluid leakage into alveolar spaces
B) Bronchospasm
C) Pulmonary embolism
D) TTN

Question 10

If a patient has an advanced stage of BPD, what cardiac problem may be identified on the chest radiograph?

A) Pneumomediastinum
B) Cardiac tamponade
C) Change in point of maximum impulse
D) Cor pulmonale

Question 11

An infant is beginning to develop BPD. What can be given to promote pulmonary vasodilation?

A) Furosemide (LasixÒ)
B) Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO)
C) Inhaled albuterol
D) FIO2 >50%

Question 12

Which of the following "new" BPD criteria would indicate a mild case of the condition?
1) Breathing room air upon discharge
2) Needed nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
3) Needs <30% oxygen upon discharge
4) Needed supplemental oxygen for 28 days

A) 2, 3
B) 1, 4
C) 2, 3, 4
D) 1, 2, 4

Question 13

Which of the following clinical manifestations are associated with BPD?
1) Expiratory grunting
2) Wheezes and crackles
3) Flaring nostrils
4) Intercostal retractions

A) 1, 3
B) 1, 3, 4
C) 1, 2, 4
D) 1, 2, 3, 4

Question 14

What is the major anatomic pathology associated with new BPD?

A) Alveolar hypoplasia
B) Alveolar hyperplasia
C) Alveolar atelectasis
D) Alveolar-capillary wall thickening

Question 15

All of the following ventilator parameters have been linked to the development of BPD EXCEPT:

A) high peak inspiratory pressure.
B) ventilatory rate of 40 breaths/min.
C) tidal volumes <5 mL/kg.
D) high mean airway pressure.

Question 16

What would contribute to the development of "new" bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in an infant delivered at 25 weeks' gestation?

A) Interruption of the canalicular stage of lung development
B) Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN)
C) Low Apgar scores
D) Laryngotracheobronchitis

Question 17

Which of the following "new" BPD criteria would indicate a severe case of the condition?
1) Requires >30% oxygen upon discharge
2) Requires nasal CPAP at discharge
3) Requires room air upon discharge
4) Required supplemental oxygen for first 28 days of life

A) 1, 2
B) 2, 4
C) 1, 2, 4
D) 3, 4