Deck 3: Demand, Supply, and Market Equilibrium

Question 1

The consuming units in an economy are known as

A) firms.
B) entrepreneurs.
C) households.
D) factors.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Among the factors of production are

A) capital.
B) wages.
C) income.
D) all of the above

Answer 2

A

Question 3

In factor, or input, markets

A) consumers purchase products.
B) firms supply goods.
C) firms demand resources.
D) households demand goods.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

A factor market is

A) where goods are exchanged.
B) where resources are exchanged.
C) where goods are made.
D) organized by government.

Question 5

Firms are organizations that

A) take advantage of the public.
B) transform resources into products.
C) transform outputs into inputs.
D) demand consumer outputs.

Question 6

Most firms exist to make a profit.

Question 7

Resources are exchanged in ________ markets.

A) product
B) factor
C) exchange rate
D) stock

Question 8

In an output market,

A) consumers purchase products.
B) firms purchase resources.
C) households earn income.
D) land, labor, and capital may be exchanged.

Question 9

All households have ultimately limited incomes.

Question 10

Economists would classify the Boston Symphony Orchestra as a firm.

Question 11

Entrepreneurs are unnecessary in a market economy, and their profit is unearned.

Question 12

Firms are the producing units of the economy.

Question 13

Economists would classify the New York Mets as a firm.

Question 14

An entrepreneur is a person who

A) assumes the risk of a firm.
B) organizes and manages a firm.
C) turns a new idea or product into a business.
D) all of the above

Question 15

Michael Dell was the first individual who sold computers by mail order. The company founded by Dell is now one of the largest and most successful computer companies in the United States. Michael Dell would be classified as a(n)

A) entrepreneur.
B) opportunist.
C) monopolist.
D) socialist.

Question 16

Mary Kay Ash was one of the first individuals who sold cosmetics directly to customers via independent sales representatives. The company founded by Mary Kay is now one of the largest and most successful cosmetics companies in the world. Mary Kay Ash would be classified as a(n)

A) entrepreneur.
B) opportunist.
C) monopolist.
D) socialist.

Question 17

An entrepreneur is a person who does all of the following except

A) assumes the risk of a firm.
B) organizes and manages a firm.
C) turns a new idea or product into a business.
D) always makes a profit.

Question 18

Why do firms engage in the activity of production?

A) to help society advance technologically
B) to participate in the circular flow
C) to acquire profits
D) to develop a supply schedule

Question 19

Organizations that transform resources into products are known as

A) firms.
B) entrepreneurs.
C) households.
D) factors.

Question 20

In input, or factor, markets,

A) consumers purchase products.
B) firms supply goods.
C) households supply resources.
D) households demand goods.

Question 21

The "law of demand" implies that

A) as prices fall, demand increases.
B) as prices rise, demand increases.
C) as prices fall, quantity demanded increases.
D) as prices rise, quantity demanded increases.

Question 22

Which of the following will cause a shift in the demand curve for hoverboards?

A) a change in income
B) a change in wealth
C) a change in taste or preference
D) all of the above

Question 23

Refer to the information provided in Figure 3.2 below to answer the questions that follow. Figure 3.2
If the demand for sardines increases as income decreases, sardines are a(n)

A) normal good.
B) inferior good.
C) substitute good.
D) complementary good.

Question 24

Refer to the information provided in Figure 3.2 below to answer the questions that follow. Figure 3.2
If the demand for coffee decreases as income decreases, coffee is a(n)

A) normal good.
B) inferior good.
C) substitute good.
D) complementary good.

Question 25

Households are paid income for the resources they supply in an input market.

Question 26

Refer to the information provided in Figure 3.1 below to answer the questions that follow. Figure 3.1
Refer to Figure 3.1. Which of the following would be most likely to cause the demand for Dr. Pepper to shift from D₀ to D₁?

A) a decrease in income, assuming that Dr. Pepper is a normal good
B) an increase in the price of 7-UP, assuming 7-UP is a substitute for Dr. Pepper
C) a decrease in the price of Dr. Pepper
D) a reduction in the price of sugar used to make Dr. Pepper

Question 27

Payment in the capital market is called investment.

Question 28

Which of the following is held constant along the demand curve?

A) price of the good
B) quantity
C) income
D) both A and B

Question 29

Labor is demanded by firms in an output market.

Question 30

Payment in the land market is called rent.

Question 31

Refer to the information provided in Figure 3.2 below to answer the questions that follow. Figure 3.2
Refer to Figure 3.2. Which of the following would be most likely to cause the demand for macaroni and cheese to shift from D₀ to D₁?

A) a decrease in the price of macaroni and cheese
B) an increase in the price of flour used to make macaroni and cheese
C) a decrease in income, assuming macaroni and cheese is a normal good
D) an increase in the quantity demanded for macaroni and cheese

Question 32

Refer to the information provided in Figure 3.2 below to answer the questions that follow. Figure 3.2
Refer to Figure 3.2. Which of the following would be most likely to cause the demand for macaroni and cheese to shift from D₁ to D₀?

A) an increase in the price of macaroni and cheese
B) an increase in the price of flour used to make macaroni and cheese
C) an increase in income, assuming macaroni and cheese is a normal good
D) an increase in the quantity demanded for macaroni and cheese

Question 33

Refer to the information provided in Figure 3.1 below to answer the questions that follow. Figure 3.1
Refer to Figure 3.1. Which of the following would be most likely to cause the demand for Dr. Pepper to shift from D₀ to D₁?

A) an increase in income, assuming that Dr. Pepper is a normal good
B) a decrease in the price of 7-UP, assuming 7-UP is a substitute for Dr. Pepper
C) an increase in the price of Dr. Pepper
D) an increase in the price of sugar used to make Dr. Pepper

Question 34

Consumers purchase products in ________ markets.

A) output
B) factor
C) resource
D) input

Question 35

According to the law of demand, as prices rise, ceteris paribus

A) demand increases.
B) demand decreases.
C) quantity demanded decreases.
D) quantity demanded increases.

Question 36

Capital, labor, and land are

A) factors of production.
B) inputs.
C) resources.
D) all of the above

Question 37

As an individual consumes more of a product within a given period of time, it is likely that each additional unit consumed will yield

A) successively less satisfaction.
B) successively more satisfaction.
C) the same amount of satisfaction.
D) less satisfaction for a while and then start to add more satisfaction.

Question 38

According to the law of demand there is ________ relationship between price and quantity demanded.

A) a positive
B) a negative
C) either a positive or negative
D) a constantly changing

Question 39

Factors of production are traded in the product market.

Question 40

Inputs are traded in the factor market.

Question 41

The quantity demanded of Pepsi has decreased. The best explanation for this is that

A) the price of Coca-Cola has increased.
B) Pepsi's advertising is not as effective as in the past.
C) the price of Pepsi has increased.
D) Pepsi consumers had an increase in income.

Question 42

Suppose the demand for books goes down when the price of video games goes down. We can say that these two goods are

A) complements.
B) substitutes.
C) unrelated goods.
D) perfect substitutes.

Question 43

For inferior goods, a decrease in income will cause the

A) quantity demanded to fall.
B) demand to increase.
C) demand to fall.
D) quantity demanded to increase.

Question 44

Refer to the information provided in Figure 3.6 below to answer the questions that follow. Figure 3.6
Refer to Figure 3.6. The number of DVDs Isabel rents per week decreases from 7 to 4. This is caused by

A) a decrease in income if DVDs are a normal good.
B) an increase in the price of popcorn which is a complement to DVDs.
C) an increase in the rental price of DVDs.
D) a decrease in the cable price of pay-per-view movies.

Question 45

In college you practically existed on instant noodles, but now you earn $95,000 a year. You never want to see instant noodles again. We can safely conclude that you consider instant noodles to be a(n)

A) normal good.
B) complementary good.
C) luxury.
D) inferior good.

Question 46

Refer to the information provided in Figure 3.6 below to answer the questions that follow. Figure 3.6
Refer to Figure 3.6. The number of DVDs Isabel rents per week increases from 4 to 7. This is caused by

A) an increase in income if DVDs are a normal good.
B) a decrease in the price of popcorn, which is a complement to DVDs.
C) a decrease in the rental price of DVDs.
D) either A or B.

Question 47

Demand curves are derived while holding constant

A) income, tastes, and the price of the good.
B) only income and tastes.
C) income, tastes, and the prices of other goods.
D) only tastes and the prices of other goods.

Question 48

Refer to the information provided in Figure 3.3 below to answer the questions that follow. Figure 3.3
Refer to Figure 3.3. As your income decreased, the demand for X shifted from D₁ to D₂. Good X is

A) an inferior good.
B) a normal good.
C) a luxury good.
D) an income-neutral good.

Question 49

Refer to the information provided in Figure 3.5 below to answer the questions that follow. Figure 3.5
Refer to Figure 3.5. If consumer income increases, the demand for chili peppers shifts from D₀ to D₁. This implies that chili peppers are a(n)

A) normal good.
B) inferior good.
C) substitute good.
D) complementary good.

Question 50

Refer to the information provided in Figure 3.4 below to answer the questions that follow. Figure 3.4
Refer to Figure 3.4. If consumer income increases, the demand for tuna fish sandwiches shifts from D₀ to D₁. This implies that tuna fish sandwiches are a(n)

A) normal good.
B) inferior good.
C) substitute good.
D) complementary good.

Question 51

An increase in the price of a good or service leads to a(n) ________ that leads to a(n) ________.

A) decrease in demand; movement along the demand curve
B) decrease in quantity demanded; movement along the demand curve
C) increase in demand; shift of the demand curve
D) increase in quantity demanded; shift of the demand curve

Question 52

Refer to the information provided in Figure 3.5 below to answer the questions that follow. Figure 3.5
Refer to Figure 3.5. If consumer income decreases, the demand for chili peppers shifts from D₀ to D₁. This implies that chili peppers are a(n)

A) normal good.
B) inferior good.
C) substitute good.
D) complementary good.

Question 53

A good whose demand is inversely related to income is a(n)

A) normal good.
B) inferior good.
C) regular good.
D) new good.

Question 54

Demand for one item goes down when the price of another item goes up. These items must be

A) substitutes.
B) complements.
C) normal goods.
D) inferior goods.

Question 55

Refer to the information provided in Figure 3.4 below to answer the questions that follow. Figure 3.4
Refer to Figure 3.4. If consumer income falls, the demand for tuna fish sandwiches shifts from D₀ to D₁. This implies that tuna fish sandwiches are a(n)

A) normal good.
B) inferior good.
C) substitute good.
D) complementary good.

Question 56

A decrease in demand for cameras would likely be caused by

A) an increase in the price of a substitute good.
B) an increase in the price of cameras.
C) an increase in the price of a complementary good.
D) a decrease in the price of cameras.

Question 57

Refer to the information provided in Figure 3.3 below to answer the questions that follow. Figure 3.3
Refer to Figure 3.3. As your income increased, the demand for X shifted from D₁ to D₂. Good X is

A) an inferior good.
B) a normal good.
C) a luxury good.
D) an income-neutral good.

Question 58

During an economic downturn when consumer income falls, the demand for tacos increases and the demand for sushi decreases. This implies that tacos

A) and sushi are complements.
B) are a normal good and sushi is an inferior good.
C) are an inferior good and sushi is a normal good.
D) are an economic bad and sushi is an economic good.

Question 59

When the decrease in the price of one good causes the demand for another good to decrease, the goods are

A) normal.
B) inferior.
C) substitutes.
D) complements.

Question 60

In response to news reports that taking aspirin daily can reduce an individual's risk of a heart attack, there will most likely be a(n)

A) increase in the supply of aspirin.
B) decrease in the supply of aspirin.
C) increase in the demand for aspirin.
D) increase in the quantity demanded of aspirin.

Question 61

Refer to the information provided in Figure 3.7 below to answer the following questions. Figure 3.7
Refer to Figure 3.7. Assume the market is initially at Point B and that pizza is a normal good. A decrease in income would cause the market to move from Point B on demand curve D₂ to

A) demand curve D₁.
B) demand curve D₃.
C) Point A on demand curve D₂.
D) Point C on demand curve D₂.

Question 62

A change in income leads to a ________ that causes a ________.

A) change in demand; movement along the demand curve
B) change in quantity demanded; movement along the demand curve
C) change in demand; shift of the demand curve
D) change in quantity demanded; shift of the demand curve

Question 63

Refer to the information provided in Figure 3.8 below to answer the following questions. Figure 3.8
Refer to Figure 3.8. Assume that there are only two people in the market for baseball caps: Alex and Ryan. Along the market demand curve for baseball caps, at a price of ________, quantity demanded would be ________.

A) $10; 7
B) $10; 11
C) $8; 12
D) $8; 13

Question 64

Refer to the information provided in Figure 3.7 below to answer the following questions. Figure 3.7
Refer to Figure 3.7. A movement from Point A to Point B on demand curve D₂ would be caused by a(n)

A) decrease in income, assuming pizza is a normal good.
B) decrease in the price of burritos, assuming that pizza and burritos are substitutes.
C) decrease in the price of pizza.
D) increase in the price of pizza.

Question 65

Refer to the information provided in Figure 3.7 below to answer the following questions. Figure 3.7
Refer to Figure 3.7. A decrease in demand is represented by the movement

A) from D₂ to D₁.
B) from D₂ to D₃.
C) along D₂ from Point B to Point A.
D) along D₂ from Point B to Point C.

Question 66

Refer to the information provided in Figure 3.7 below to answer the following questions. Figure 3.7
Refer to Figure 3.7. Assume the market is initially at Point B and that pizza is a normal good. An increase in income would cause the market to move from Point B on demand curve D₂ to

A) Point A on demand curve D₂.
B) Point C on demand curve D₂.
C) demand curve D₁.
D) demand curve D₃.

Question 67

Refer to the information provided in Figure 3.7 below to answer the following questions. Figure 3.7
Refer to Figure 3.7. If pizza and beer are complementary goods, a decrease in the price of beer will cause a movement from Point B on demand curve D₂ to

A) demand curve D₁.
B) demand curve D₃.
C) Point A on demand curve D₂.
D) Point C on demand curve D₂.

Question 68

Refer to the information provided in Figure 3.7 below to answer the following questions. Figure 3.7
Refer to Figure 3.7. An increase in demand is represented by the movement

A) from D₂ to D₁.
B) from D₂ to D₃.
C) along D₂ from Point B to Point A.
D) along D₂ from Point B to Point C.

Question 69

Refer to the information provided in Figure 3.9 below to answer the following questions. Figure 3.9
Refer to Figure 3.9. Assume that there are only two people in the market for coconuts: Sasha and Kyle. Along the market demand curve for coconuts, at a price of ________, quantity demanded would be ________.

A) $14; 7
B) $14; 9
C) $10; 9
D) $10; 8

Question 70

Refer to the information provided in Figure 3.7 below to answer the following questions. Figure 3.7
Refer to Figure 3.7. If pizza and hamburgers are substitutes, an increase in the price of hamburgers will cause a movement from Point B on demand curve D₂ to

A) demand curve D₁.
B) demand curve D₃.
C) Point A on demand curve D₂.
D) Point C on demand curve D₂.

Question 71

Refer to the information provided in Figure 3.8 below to answer the following questions. Figure 3.8
Refer to Figure 3.8. Assume there are only two people in the market for baseball caps: Alex and Ryan. Along the ________, at a price of $8, quantity demanded would be 7.

A) demand curve for Alex only
B) demand curve for Ryan only
C) market demand curve
D) demand curves for both Ryan and Alex

Question 72

Refer to the information provided in Figure 3.7 below to answer the following questions. Figure 3.7
Refer to Figure 3.7. If pizza and beer are complementary goods, an increase in the price of beer will cause a movement from Point B on demand curve D₂ to

A) demand curve D₁.
B) demand curve D₃.
C) Point A on demand curve D₂.
D) Point C on demand curve D₂.

Question 73

Refer to the information provided in Figure 3.9 below to answer the following questions. Figure 3.9
Refer to Figure 3.9. Assume there are only two people in the market for coconuts: Sasha and Kyle. Along the market demand curve for coconuts, at a price of ________, quantity demanded would be ________.

A) $10; 9
B) $10; 10
C) $14; 9
D) $14; 8

Question 74

Refer to the information provided in Figure 3.8 below to answer the following questions. Figure 3.8
Refer to Figure 3.8. Assume that there are only two people in the market for baseball caps: Alex and Ryan. Along the ________ for baseball caps, at a price of $10, quantity demanded would be 5.

A) demand curve for Alex
B) demand curve for Ryan
C) market demand curve
D) none of the above

Question 75

Refer to the information provided in Figure 3.9 below to answer the following questions. Figure 3.9
Refer to Figure 3.9. Assume that there are only two people in the market for coconuts: Sasha and Kyle. Along the ________ for coconuts, at a price of $14, quantity demanded would be 10.

A) demand curve for Sasha
B) demand curve for Kyle
C) market demand curve
D) none of the above

Question 76

Refer to the information provided in Figure 3.7 below to answer the following questions. Figure 3.7
Refer to Figure 3.7. A movement from Point C to Point B on demand curve D₂ would be caused by a(n)

A) decrease in income, assuming pizza is a normal good.
B) decrease in the price of hamburgers, assuming that pizza and hamburgers are substitutes.
C) decrease in the price of pizza.
D) increase in the price of pizza.

Question 77

Refer to the information provided in Figure 3.8 below to answer the following questions. Figure 3.8
Refer to Figure 3.8. Assume there are only two people in the market for baseball caps: Alex and Ryan. Along the market demand curve for baseball caps, at a price of ________, quantity demanded would be ________.

A) $10; 6
B) $10; 12
C) $8; 14
D) $8; 25

Question 78

Refer to the information provided in Figure 3.7 below to answer the following questions. Figure 3.7
Refer to Figure 3.7. If pizza and burritos are substitutes, a decrease in the price of burritos will cause a movement from Point B on demand curve D₂ to

A) demand curve D₁.
B) demand curve D₃.
C) Point A on demand curve D₂.
D) Point C on demand curve D₂.

Question 79

Refer to the information provided in Figure 3.7 below to answer the following questions. Figure 3.7
Refer to Figure 3.7. An increase in quantity demanded is represented by the movement

A) from D₂ to D₁.
B) from D₂ to D₃.
C) along D₂ from Point B to point A.
D) along D₂ from Point B to point C.

Question 80

Refer to the information provided in Figure 3.7 below to answer the following questions. Figure 3.7
Refer to Figure 3.7. A decrease in quantity demanded is represented by the movement

A) from D₂ to D₁.
B) from D₂ to D₃.
C) along D₂ from Point B to Point A.
D) along D₂ from Point B to Point C.