Deck 14: Aldehydes, Ketones, and Chiral Molecules

Question 1

The common name for 2-butanone, a readily available solvent, is

A)methyl acetone.
B)methyl ethyl ketone.
C)β-butanone.
D)butyl ketone.
E)butyl ether.

Answer 1

methyl ethyl ketone.

Question 2

The carbonyl group consists of

A)a carbon-oxygen-hydrogen structure.
B)a carbon-oxygen single bond.
C)a carbon-oxygen double bond.
D)a carbon-oxygen triple bond.
E)a carbon-oxygen-carbon structure.

Answer 2

a carbon-oxygen double bond.

Question 3

In the IUPAC naming system, an aldehyde is named by replacing the -e of the name of the corresponding alkane with

A)yne.
B)ene.
C)al.
D)one.
E)ol.

Answer 3

al.

Question 4

What is the name of this compound? O CH₃ - C - CH - CH₃ | CH₃

A)2-pentanone
B)methyl propyl ketone
C)3-methyl-2-butanone
D)2-methyl-3-butanone
E)2-methyl-3-ketone butane

Question 5

How many carbonyl-containing isomers does the formula C3H6O have?

A)two
B)three
C)five
D)seven
E)eight

Question 6

What are the bond angles in a typical carbonyl group?

A)45°
B)90°
C)109.5°
D)120°
E)135°

Question 7

Which of the following pairs of compounds are isomers?

A)CH₃
CH2CH2OH and CH₃
OCH₃
B) O O
CH₃
CH2 C CH₃
And CH₃
C CH2CH₃
C) OH
|
CH₃
CH2 OCH2CH₃
And CH₃
C CH₃
|
CH₃
D) OH
|
CH₃
CH2CHOH and CH₃
C HCH2CH₃
|
CH₃
E) O
CH₃
CH2OH and H C CH₃

Question 8

The oxygen atom in a carbonyl group is ________ the carbon atom.

A)more electronegative than
B)less electronegative than
C)identical in electronegativity to
D)more electropositive than
E)more soluble than

Question 9

The compound 2-propanone is also known as

A)acetone.
B)2-propanone.
C)dimethyl ketone.
D)β-propanone.
E)propylone.

Question 10

Three functional groups found in this compound are

A)alcohol, aromatic, and ether.
B)alcohol, aldehyde, and ether.
C)alcohol, ether, and ketone.
D)aldehyde, ether, and carboxylic acid.
E)cycloalkene, alcohol, and carboxylic acid.

Question 11

How many hydrogen atoms is the carbonyl group in a ketone bonded to?

A)none
B)one
C)two
D)three
E)four

Question 12

Which of the following compounds contains a ketone functional group?

A) CH₃
|
CH₃
- C - OH
|
CH₃
B) O
CH₃
- CH
C)CH₃
- CH2 - O - CH2 -CH₃
D) O
CH₃
- CH2 - C - CH₃
E)CH₃
- O - CH
|
CH₃

Question 13

In all aldehydes except formaldehyde, how many hydrogen atoms is the carbonyl group bonded to?

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four

Question 14

What is the IUPAC name for this compound? O CH₃ - CH

A)methyl aldehyde
B)1-ethanaldehyde
C)1-ethanone
D)ethanal
E)methanal

Question 15

Which one of the following compounds is an aldehyde?

A) OH
|
CH₃
- CH - CH₃
B) O
CH₃
- CH2 - CH
C)CH₃
- CH = CH - CH2 - CH₃
D)CH₃
- CH2 - O - CH2 - CH₃
E)CH₃
- SH

Question 16

Acetone can be produced by the body when a person is

A)exercising.
B)dieting with high protein diets.
C)ill with a flu.
D)recovering from surgery.
E)sleeping.

Question 17

How many lone pairs of electrons does the oxygen in a carbonyl group have?

A)None, they're all bonded.
B)one
C)two
D)three
E)four

Question 18

In the IUPAC naming system, a ketone is named by replacing the -e in the corresponding alkane name with

A)yne.
B)ene.
C)al.
D)one.
E)ol.

Question 19

What is the IUPAC name for this compound?

A)methylcyclohexanone
B)2,5-dimethylcyclohexanone
C)1,4-dimethyl-2-cyclohexanone
D)cyclohexyl methyl ketone
E)1,4-dimethyl-3-cyclohexanone

Question 20

Formaldehyde is used industrially to make

A)polymers.
B)insulating materials.
C)carpeting.
D)All of the above.
E)None of the above.

Question 21

Low-molecular-weight ketones are soluble in water. What is the shortest length of the carbon chain where insolubility becomes important?

A)one
B)two
C)four
D)five
E)eight

Question 22

The addition of hydrogen to an organic compound or the loss of oxygen is called

A)reduction.
B)oxidation.
C)dehydration.
D)halogenation.
E)hydration.

Question 23

The product of adding two molecules of an alcohol to an aldehyde in the presence of acid is a(n)

A)acetal.
B)ether.
C)hemiacetal.
D)hemiether.
E)hydroxyl group.

Question 24

Formalin is

A)another name for formaldehyde.
B)a plastic.
C)an aqueous solution of formaldehyde.
D)an excellent solvent.
E)a polymer.

Question 25

Aldehydes have higher boiling points than alkanes of similar mass because of

A)hydrogen bonding.
B)dipole-dipole interactions.
C)ionic bonding.
D)covalent bonding.
E)oxygen bonding.

Question 26

Which of the following ketones is the most soluble in water?

A) O
CH₃
C CH₃
B) O
CH₃
- CH - C - CH₃
|
CH₃
C) O
CH₃
- CH2 - C - CH2 - CH2 - CH₃
D) O
CH₃
- C - CH2 - CH2 - CH₃
E) O
CH₃
- CH2 - C - CH2 - CH₃

Question 27

The increased boiling point of ketones compared to alkanes and ethers of similar mass is due to

A)hydrogen bonding.
B)dipole-dipole interactions.
C)a bent chain structure.
D)resonance.
E)ionic interactions.

Question 28

An acetal is formed from two molecules of an alcohol and a(n)

A)aldehyde.
B)ether.
C)carboxylic acid.
D)alkyl ether.
E)ester.

Question 29

Which of the following would not be water soluble?

A)acetone
B)propanal
C)3-heptanone
D)formaldehyde
E)2-butanone

Question 30

Which of the compounds would give a positive Tollens' test?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 31

The Tollens' test may be used to distinguish

A)acids from amines.
B)esters from acids.
C)ketones from alcohols.
D)aldehydes from ketones.
E)alcohols from alkenes.

Question 32

Acetone is a ketone commonly used as a

A)preservative.
B)flavoring agent.
C)fuel.
D)solvent.
E)drain cleaner.

Question 33

What is the name of this compound?

A)2-methylbutanone
B)3-methyl-2-butanone
C)2-methyl-3-butanone
D)3-methylbutanone
E)pentanone

Question 34

Aldehydes and ketones may be reduced to

A)acids.
B)alkanes.
C)ethers.
D)alcohols.
E)esters.

Question 35

The hydrogenation of 2-methylpropanal gives the product

A)1-butanol.
B)2-methylpropanoic acid.
C)2-methyl-3-propanol.
D)2-methyl-1-propanol.
E)2-methyl-2-propanol.

Question 36

Benedict's test requires an aldehyde and an adjacent

A)saturated carbon.
B)ketone.
C)alcohol.
D)phenyl ring.
E)acid.

Question 37

The reduction of 3-pentanone with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst will yield

A)pentane.
B)2-pentene.
C)diethyl alcohol.
D)3-pentanol.
E)pentanaldehyde.

Question 38

How do sugars form cyclic hemiacetals?

A)Two molecules of a sugar react with one another.
B)A molecule of sugar reacts with an added alcohol.
C)A molecule of sugar reacts with itself.
D)A molecule of sugar reacts with an added aldehyde.
E)A sugar molecule decomposes.

Question 39

How many moles of an alcohol are needed to react with 1 mole of an aldehyde to form a hemiacetal?

A)1
B)1.5
C)2
D)3
E)3.5

Question 40

The flavoring agent found in vanilla is

A)an aldehyde.
B)a ketone.
C)a hydrocarbon.
D)an ester.
E)a thiol.

Question 41

An enantiomer is

A)a stereoisomer that is not a mirror image of another molecule.
B)a stereoisomer that is a mirror image of another molecule.
C)a diastereoisomer.
D)a structural isomer.
E)a cis-trans isomer.

Question 42

The carbonyl group consists of a carbon-oxygen single bond, and a second bond to hydrogen.

Question 43

Acetone is a three-carbon aldehyde.

Question 44

All aldehydes have a carbonyl carbon bonded to at least two hydrogens.

Question 45

Which of these compounds is the hemiacetal that forms when ethanol reacts with propanal?

A) OH
|
CH₃
- CH2 C - O - CH2 - CH₃
|
H
B) OH
|
CH₃
- C - O - CH2 - CH₃
|
H
C) O - CH2 - CH₂
|
CH₃
- CH2 - C - O - CH2 - CH₃
|
H
D) O - CH2 - CH₃
|
CH₃
- C - O - CH₃
|
H
E) O - CH2 - CH2 - CH₃
|
CH₃
- C - O - CH2 - CH2 - CH₃
|
CH2 - CH2 - CH₃

Question 46

Which molecule below has stereoisomers with different biological effects?

A)carvone
B)nicotine
C)LSD
D)epinephrine
E)All of the above.

Question 47

In a ketone, the carbonyl group is bonded to two other carbon atoms.

Question 48

The carbonyl group does not have a dipole.

Question 49

Chiral drugs consist of only one enantiomer. The benefits of using a pure enantiomer, rather than a mixture, include

A)higher potency (lower total dose of drug).
B)elimination of side effects.
C)reduced chances of drug interactions.
D)All of the above.
E)None of the above.

Question 50

Use the structures below to answer:

A) A is chiral and B is achiral
B) A is achiral and B is chiral
C) both A and B are chiral
D) both A and B are achiral

Question 51

Many odors from solvents, paint removers, and perfumes are derived from aldehydes or ketones.

Question 52

Achiral compounds are those which

A)have no "handedness."
B)have different mirror images.
C)are non-superimposable.
D)have the same formula but different structures.
E)are a racemic mixture.

Question 53

Use the structures below to answer:

A) A is chiral and B is achiral
B) A is achiral and B is chiral
C) both A and B are chiral
D) both A and B are achiral

Question 54

Acetone is sometimes produced in pathological conditions such as diabetes.

Question 55

The suffix -one indicates an aldehyde in the IUPAC system of naming.

Question 56

What is the acetal formed when propanone reacts with two molecules of methanol?

A) OH
|
CH₃
- C - CH₃
|
CH₃
B) O - CH₃
|
CH₃
- C - CH₃
|
O - CH₃
C) O - CH₃
|
CH₃
- CO - CH₃
|
O - CH₃
D) CH₃
CH₃
| |
CH₃
- C - O - C - CH₃
| |
H H
E) OH
|
CH₃
- C - CH₃
|
O - CH₃

Question 57

The suffix -al indicates an aldehyde in the IUPAC system of naming.

Question 58

Chirality occurs when stereoisomers have mirror images that are

A)superimposable.
B)the same.
C)not superimposable.
D)not visible to one another.
E)identical.

Question 59

How many different substituents are required on a carbon atom for it to be chiral?

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
E)Any number from 1 to 4; chiralty does not depend on substitution.

Question 60

Formaldehyde is used in solution as a germicide and preservative.

Question 61

Ketones are reduced to secondary alcohols.

Question 62

A chiral carbon atom can have fewer than four different groups bonded to it.

Question 63

An acetal is formed from an aldehyde or ketone and one molecule of alcohol.

Question 64

Benedict's test can be used to determine whether an α-hydroxyaldehyde functional group is present.

Question 65

Propanal is more soluble than pentanal.

Question 66

This compound is an acetal.

Question 67

A major flavor component of vanilla is an aldehyde.

Question 68

The Tollens' test is used to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones.

Question 69

Hexanal would be soluble in water.

Question 70

The carbonyl group gives ketones lower boiling points than alkanes of similar mass.

Question 71

A hemiacetal has alkoxy and hydroxyl functional groups bonded to the same carbon.

Question 72

Primary alcohols are oxidized to ketones.

Question 73

Acetone would give a positive Tollens' test.

Question 74

Carbonyl compounds having fewer than four carbon atoms are very water soluble.

Question 75

The carbonyl group gives aldehydes higher boiling points than alkanes of similar mass.

Question 76

Enantiomers may have very different tastes or smells.

Question 77

Excessive exposure to formaldehyde can irritate the eyes and respiratory tract.

Question 78

Enantiomers are mirror images of each other.

Question 79

Glucose forms a cyclic hemiacetal.

Question 80

The name of this compound is 3-butanone.