Deck 15: Carbohydrates

Question 1

A carbohydrate that gives two molecules when it is completely hydrolyzed is known as a

A)monosaccharide.
B)disaccharide.
C)polysaccharide.
D)starch.
E)trisaccharide.

Answer 1

disaccharide.

Question 2

During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water are converted to glucose and oxygen by

A)large animals.
B)insects.
C)mushrooms.
D)green plants.
E)earthworms.

Answer 2

green plants.

Question 3

Photosynthesis uses ________ as an energy source.

A)glucose
B)carbon dioxide
C)chlorophyll
D)oxygen
E)sunlight

Answer 3

sunlight

Question 4

Which group of carbohydrates cannot be hydrolyzed to give smaller molecules?

A)monosaccharides
B)disaccharides
C)trisaccharides
D)oligosaccharides
E)polysaccharides

Question 5

Fructose does not undergo hydrolysis because it is a

A)aldose.
B)hexose.
C)reducing sugar.
D)monosaccharide.
E)disaccharide.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of an aldohexose?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 7

A monosaccharide that consists of 5 carbon atoms, one of which is in a ketone group, is classified as a(n)

A)aldotetrose.
B)aldopentose.
C)aldohexose.
D)ketotetrose.
E)ketopentose.

Question 8

One difference between D-glucose and L-glucose is

A)the open-chain form of L-glucose does not exist.
B)it is not possible to make L-glucose.
C)L-glucose has a 5-membered ring, and D-glucose has a 6-membered ring.
D)only D-glucose is found in disaccharides and polysaccharides.
E)L-glucose cannot form a closed structure.

Question 9

Galactosemia is the name of a metabolic disorder. In this disorder, an enzyme is missing that is needed to

A)make galactose from lactose.
B)make lactose from galactose.
C)convert galactose to glycogen.
D)convert galactose to glucose.
E)convert α-galactose to β-galactose.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a ketopentose?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 11

Hypoglycemia is a condition in which

A)the glucose level in the blood is about 100 mg/dL.
B)the amount of glucose in the urine is higher than normal.
C) the glucose level in the blood is higher than normal.
D) the glucose level in the pancreas is higher than normal.
E)the glucose level in the blood is lower than normal.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of an aldopentose?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 13

Which Fischer projection is the mirror image of the structure given below?

A)
B)

C)

D)

E)

Question 14

Hyperglycemia is a condition in which

A)the glucose level in the blood is about 100 mg/dL.
B)the amount of glucose in the urine is lower than normal.
C) the glucose level in the blood is higher than normal.
D) the glucose level in the pancreas is lower than normal.
E)the glucose level in the liver is lower than normal.

Question 15

The breakdown of glucose to chemical energy for the cells to do work is an example of

A)oxidation.
B)respiration.
C)reduction.
D)anabolism.
E)mutarotation.

Question 16

The breakdown of carbohydrates to carbon dioxide and water in the body is called

A)reduction.
B)respiration.
C)photosynthesis.
D)anabolism.
E)mutarotation.

Question 17

In the L- isomer of a Fischer projection of a monosaccharide, the -OH group furthest from the carbonyl is written

A)on the left of the top chiral carbon.
B)on the right of the top chiral carbon.
C)on the left of the middle chiral carbon.
D)on the left of the bottom chiral carbon.
E)on the right of the bottom chiral carbon.

Question 18

The sugar also known as dextrose and blood sugar is

A)glucose.
B)galactose.
C)fructose.
D)lactose.
E)sucrose.

Question 19

A monosaccharide that contains 4 carbon atoms, one of which is in an aldehyde group, is classified as a(n)

A)aldopentose.
B)aldohexose.
C)ketopentose.
D)aldotetrose.
E)ketotetrose.

Question 20

Ribulose has the following structural formula. To what carbohydrate class does ribulose belong? CH2OH ∣ C = O ∣ H - C - OH ∣ H - C - OH ∣ CH2OH

A)aldotetrose
B)aldopentose
C)ketotetrose
D)ketopentose
E)ketohexose

Question 21

Which of the following contains a β-1,4-glycosidic bond?

A)galactose
B)lactose
C)maltose
D)sucrose
E)amylose

Question 22

Maltose can be classified as a(n)

A)disaccharide.
B)polysaccharide.
C)ketose.
D)pentose.
E)oligosaccharide.

Question 23

Cellulose is not digestible by humans because it contains glucose units linked by ________-glycosidic bonds.

A)α-1,2
B)α-1,4
C)α-1,6
D)β-1,2
E)β-1,4

Question 24

Galactose has the structure shown below. Which anomer is shown?

A)the α anomer
B)the β anomer
C)the D anomer
D)the L anomer
E)none of the above

Question 25

The reduction of monosaccharides produces

A)sugar alcohols.
B)disaccharides.
C)trisaccharides.
D)sugar acids.
E)polysaccharides.

Question 26

Galactose has the structure shown below. It can be classified as a(n)

A)ribose.
B)ketose.
C)disaccharide.
D)monosaccharide.
E)ketone.

Question 27

The oxidation of monosaccharides produces

A)sugar alcohols.
B)disaccharides.
C)trisaccharides.
D)sugar acids.
E)polysaccharides.

Question 28

The conversion between α and β anomers is called

A)oxidation.
B)reduction.
C)glycoside.
D)mutarotation.
E)hydrolysis.

Question 29

A glycosidic bond between two monosaccharides can also be classified as a(n)

A)double bond.
B)ester bond.
C)ether bond.
D)achiral bond.
E)alcohol bond.

Question 30

In a disaccharide, two monosaccharides are joined by what kind of bond?

A)double
B)anomeric
C)alcohol
D)glycosidic
E)rotational

Question 31

Hydrolysis of the disaccharide above gives the monosaccharides

A)fructose and ribose.
B)fructose and galactose.
C)ribose and glucose.
D)ribose and galactose.
E)fructose and lactose.

Question 32

Which sugar is NOT a reducing sugar?

A)glucose
B)fructose
C)galactose
D)maltose
E)sucrose

Question 33

Which of the following contains α-1,6-branches?

A)amylose
B)glycogen
C)cellulose
D)sucrose
E)maltose

Question 34

The disaccharide above contains a(n) ________-glycosidic linkage.

A)α-1,4
B)β-1,4
C)α-2,4
D)β-2,4
E)α-2,6

Question 35

Galactose is a product of enzymatic hydrolysis of

A)lactose.
B)glucose.
C)maltose.
D)erythrose.
E)sucrose.

Question 36

Aspartame® and Saccharin® are two examples of

A)disaccharides.
B)polysaccharides.
C)chlorosaccharides.
D)alcohol sweeteners.
E)noncarbohydrate sweeteners.

Question 37

Refer to the disaccharides below to answer the question(s) that follow.
In the figure above, the monosaccharide unit at the top is a(n)

A)aldopentose.
B)ketopentose.
C)aldohexose.
D)aldoheptose.
E)ketohexose.

Question 38

Refer to the disaccharides below to answer the question(s) that follow.
In the figure above, the monosaccharide unit on the bottom is a(n)

A)aldopentose.
B)ketopentose.
C)aldohexose.
D)aldoheptose.
E)ketohexose.

Question 39

Mannose has the structure shown below. Which anomer is shown?

A)the α anomer
B)the β anomer
C)the D anomer
D)the L anomer
E)none of the above

Question 40

Maltose is a

A)monosaccharide.
B)disaccharide.
C)trisaccharide.
D)polysaccharide.
E)phosphosaccharide.

Question 41

State whether each of these structures is the α- or β-form.

Question 42

Glycogen is a polysaccharide which has

A)only β-1,4-bonds between glucose units.
B)only α-1,4-links bonds glucose units.
C)both α-1,4-and β-1,4-bonds between glucose units.
D)both α-1,4-and α-1,6-bonds between glucose units.
E)carbon-carbon bonds joining glucose units.

Question 43

Fructose is a ketohexose.

Question 44

In the α anomer of glucose, the OH on carbon 1 is above the plane of the ring.

Question 45

In the D- isomer, the -OH farthest from the carbonyl is to the left.

Question 46

Under acid hydrolysis conditions, starch is converted to

A)glucose.
B)xylose.
C)maltose.
D)galactose.
E)fructose.

Question 47

Identify each Fischer projection as the D- or L-isomer.

Question 48

Identify each Fischer projection as the D- or L-isomer.

Question 49

State whether each of these structures is the α- or β-form.

Question 50

State whether each of these structures is the α- or β-form.

Question 51

Amylose is a polysaccharide which has

A)only β-1,4-bonds between glucose units.
B)only α-1,4-links bonds glucose units.
C)both α-1,4-and β-1,4-bonds between glucose units.
D)hemiacetal links joining glucose units.
E)carbon-carbon bonds joining glucose units.

Question 52

State whether each of these structures is the α- or β-form.

Question 53

Identify each Fischer projection as the D- or L-isomer.

Question 54

State whether each of these structures is the α- or β-form.

Question 55

Humans cannot digest cellulose because they

A)lack the necessary enzymes to digest β-glycosides.
B)are allergic to β-glycosides.
C)are poisoned by β-glycosides.
D)have intestinal flora which use up β-glycosides.
E)cannot digest chlorophyll.

Question 56

A monosaccharide can be hydrolyzed to smaller units.

Question 57

Identify each Fischer projection as the D- or L-isomer.

Question 58

Fructose is also known as dextrose.

Question 59

Amylopectin is a polysaccharide which has

A)only β-1,4-bonds between glucose units.
B)only α-1,4-links bonds glucose units.
C)both α-1,4-and β-1,4-bonds between glucose units.
D)both α-1,4-and α-1,6-bonds between glucose units.
E)carbon-carbon bonds joining glucose units.

Question 60

Identify each Fischer projection as the D- or L-isomer.

Question 61

Amylopectin is a straight-chain polysaccharide.

Question 62

The product of reduction of mannose is mannic acid.

Question 63

Sucrose is a reducing sugar.

Question 64

Galactose is a disaccharide.

Question 65

Sucrose is a disaccharide.

Question 66

This anomer is the α anomer

Question 67

Maltose is a reducing sugar.

Question 68

The product of oxidation of an aldose is a carboxylic acid.

Question 69

The product of reduction of xylose is xylitol.

Question 70

Cellulose is a polysaccharide with only β-1,4-bonds between glucose units.

Question 71

A reducing sugar gives a precipitate of silver metal with Benedict's reagent.

Question 72

Cellulose will give a positive Benedict's test.

Question 73

Glucose is stored in animals as glycogen.

Question 74

The iodine test is used to detect the presence of a reducing sugar.

Question 75

Sucrose is made up of glucose units only.