Deck 16: Carboxylic Acids and Esters

Question 1

What is the common name of the compound? O CH₃ - CH2 - CH2 - C - OH is

A)acetic acid
B)propanoic acid
C)propionic acid
D)butanoic acid
E)butyric acid

Answer 1

butyric acid

Question 2

Which of these functional groups is likely to give a sour taste to a food?

A)ester
B)ether
C)ketone
D)carboxylic acid
E)thiol

Answer 2

carboxylic acid

Question 3

In the compound below, the hydroxyl group is in which position? O CH₃ - CH2 - CH - C - OH | OH

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)5

Answer 3

2

Question 4

In the common naming convention for carboxylic acids, what is the correct Greek letter used for the carbon adjacent to the carboxyl group?

A)α
B)β
C)γ
D)δ
E)ε

Question 5

W hat is the common name for ethanoic acid?

A)butyric acid
B)formic acid
C)citric acid
D)stearic acid
E)acetic acid

Question 6

What therapeutic use is made of α-hydroxy acids?

A)ulcer treatment
B)fever reduction
C)antibiotic
D)reduction of skin pigmentation
E)sunscreen

Question 7

What α-hydroxy acid is found predominantly in grapes?

A)tartaric acid
B)citric acid
C)lactic acid
D)glycolic acid
E)benzoic acid

Question 8

What is the IUPAC name for this compound? CH₃ O | CH₃ - CH - CH2 - C - OH

A)pentanoic acid
B)2-methylbutanoic acid
C)3-methylbutanoic acid
D)2-methyl butyric acid
E)2-methyl-4-butanoic acid

Question 9

Which functional group is a carboxylic acid?

A)- OH

B)
C)
D)
E) - CH₂ - OH

Question 10

What is the irritating acid found in ant and bee stings?

A)acetic acid
B)formic acid
C)citric acid
D)butyric acid
E)stearic acid

Question 11

The functional group in acetic acid is called the

A)hydroxyl group.
B)aldehyde group.
C)carbonyl group.
D)carboxyl group.
E)ester group.

Question 12

Which organic acid accounts for the odor of rancid butter?

A)propionic acid
B)acetic acid
C)formic acid
D)butyric acid
E)ethanoic acid

Question 13

What is the IUPAC name of the following compound?

A)propyl butanoate
B)butanoic acid
C)1-butanal
D)1-butanoate
E)propyl methanoate

Question 14

What kind of taste do carboxylic acids have?

A)sweet
B)sour
C)fruity
D)slippery
E)oily

Question 15

What is the IUPAC name for this compound? CH₃ O | CH₃ - CH - CH2 - C - OH

A)pentanoic acid
B)γ-methylbutanoic acid
C)3-methylbutanoic acid
D)γ-methyl butyric acid
E)2-methyl-4-butanoic acid

Question 16

What is the method of preparing carboxylic acids from alcohols or aldehydes?

A)reduction
B)hydration
C)oxidation
D)saponification
E)hydrolysis

Question 17

What significant side effect is seen with α-hydroxy acid use?

A)UV sensitivity
B)increased thirst
C)nausea
D)increased susceptibility to infection
E)gastric irritation

Question 18

A carboxylic acid is prepared from an aldehyde by

A)oxidation.
B)reduction.
C)hydrolysis.
D)neutralization.
E)hydrogenation.

Question 19

The compound below is named

A)benzoic acid amine.
B)3-aminobenzoic acid.
C)2-acid aniline.
D)benzamide.
E)2-aminobenzoic acid.

Question 20

Which of the following is found in vinegar?

A)nitric acid
B)formic acid
C)acetic acid
D)propionic acid
E)butyric acid

Question 21

What is the product of the reaction of pentanoic acid with ethanol in the presence of a strong acid?

A)pentyl ethanoate
B)ethyl pentanoate
C)pentyl acetate
D)heptanoic acid

Question 22

Which of the following compounds is most soluble in water?

A)CH₃
- CH2 - CH₃
B)CH₃
- CH2 - CH2 - O - CH₃
C)CH₃
- CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - OH
D) O
CH₃
- CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - C - OH
E) O
CH₃
- C - OH

Question 23

What is the common use of monosodium glutamate?

A)as a preservative
B)as a disinfectant
C)as an anti-pyretic
D)as a flavor enhancer
E)as a spoilage inhibitor

Question 24

Why do carboxylic acids have higher boiling points than similar alcohols or aldehydes?

A)They form dimers that are relatively stable.
B)They are more water soluble.
C)They have higher molecular weights.
D)They have an additional oxygen atom.
E)The carboxylic acid chain is not linear.

Question 25

A carboxylic acid is named in the IUPAC system by replacing the -e in the name of the parent alkane with

A)-oic acid.
B)-oic.
C)-carboxylic acid.
D)acid.
E)-oate.

Question 26

Which carboxylic acid in the list below is an aromatic carboxylic acid?

A)acetic acid
B)benzoic acid
C)butyric acid
D)benzene
E)citric acid

Question 27

What metabolic product of pyruvic acid is formed anaerobically during exercise?

A)lactic acid
B)citric acid
C)malic acid
D)acetic acid
E)β-ketoglutaric acid

Question 28

What kind of intermolecular bonding occurs between carboxylic acids?

A)ionic bonding
B)nonpolar bonding
C)covalent bonding
D)hydrogen bonding
E)charge-transfer bonding

Question 29

What common use is made of sodium propionate and sodium benzoate?

A)flavor enhancer
B)preservative
C)pH adjuster
D)disinfectant
E)decongestant

Question 30

Which of the following is the reaction for the ionization of β-hydroxypropanoic acid in water?

A) O OH
|
HO - CH2 - CH2 - C - OH + H2O ↔ HO - CH2 - CH2 - CH - OH + H+
B) O O
HO - CH2 - CH2 - C - OH + H2O ↔ HO - CH2 - CH2 - C - O- + H₃
O+
C) O O
CH₃
- CH - C - OH + H2O ↔ CH₃
- CH - C - O- + H₃
O+
| |
OH OH
D) O O
HO - CH2 - CH2 - C - OH + 2 H2O ↔ -OCH2CH2 C O- + 2 H₃
O+
E) O O
CH₃
CH C OH + H2O ↔ CH₃
- CH - C - OH + H₃
O+
| |
OH O-

Question 31

The reactants that will form an ester in the presence of an acid catalyst are

A)two carboxylic acids.
B)two alcohols.
C)a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.
D)an aldehyde and an alcohol.
E)two aldehydes.

Question 32

Which of the following is the reaction for the neutralization of β-hydroxybutyric acid with NaOH?

A) OH O OH O
|
|
CH₃
- CH - CH2 - C- OH + NaOH → CH₃
- CH - CH2 - C - O- Na+ + H2O
B) OH O OH O
|
|
CH₃
- CH - CH2 - C- OH + NaOH → CH₃
- C - CH2 - C - OH + NaH
|
OH
C) OH O OH O
|
|
CH₃
- CH2 - CH - C- OH + NaOH → CH₃
- CH2 - CH - C - O- Na+ + H2O
D) OH O O- Na+ O
|
|
CH₃
- CH - CH2 - C- OH + 2 NaOH → CH₃
- CH - CH2 - C - O- Na+ + 2 H2O
E) O O
CH₃
- CH2 - CH - C- OH + 2 NaOH → CH₃
- CH2 - CH - C - O- Na+ + 2 H2O
| |
OH OH

Question 33

Which of these is an acid formed in the citric acid cycle?

A)acetic acid
B)propionic acid
C)α-ketoglutaric acid
D)benzoic acid
E)palmitic acid

Question 34

What happens to water solubility as chain length increases in carboxylic acids?

A)It increases.
B)It decreases.
C)It stays the same.

Question 35

The structural formula of the carboxylic acid produced by the oxidation of 2,2-dimethyl-1-propanol is

A) CH₃
O
|
CH₃
C - CH
|
CH₃
B) CH₃
O CH₃
|
|
CH₃
C - C - O C CH₃
| |
CH₃
CH₃
C) O
CH₃
CH2CH2CH2 C OH
D) CH₃
O
|
CH₃
C - C OH
|
CH₃
E) CH₃
|
CH₃
C - OH
|
CH₃

Question 36

Which compound below contains an ester functional group?

A)

B)CH₃- CH₂ - O -CH₂- CH₃


C)



D)


E)

Question 37

In water solution, how does dilute acetic acid behave?

A)as a strong acid
B)as a weak acid
C)as a strong base
D)as a weak base
E)as a neutral compound

Question 38

When compared to sulfuric acid, how strong are carboxylic acids?

A)stronger
B)just as strong
C)weaker
D)not acidic at all

Question 39

The neutralization of formic acid by NaOH produces

A)sodium formate as the only product.
B)formate ion and hydronium ion.
C)sodium formaldehyde.
D)methyl alcohol.
E)sodium formate and H2O.

Question 40

This functional group is known as a(n) O - C - O - C

A)ester.
B)carboxylic acid.
C)alcohol.
D)aldehyde.
E)acetal.

Question 41

Derivatives of which aromatic carboxylic acid have been used as analgesics, antipyretics, and anti-inflammatory agents?

A)benzoic acid
B)anthranilic acid
C)naphthenic acid
D)p-toluenesulfonic acid
E)salicylic acid

Question 42

Which of these compounds is the ester formed from the reaction of acetic acid and 1-propanol?

A) O
CH₃
- CH2 - C - O - CH2- CH₃
B) OH
|
CH₃
- C - OH
|
O - CH2 - CH2 - CH₃
C) OH
|
CH₃
- CH2 - C - OH
|
O - CH2 - CH₃
D) O
CH₃
- C - O - CH2 - CH2 - CH₃
E) O
CH₃
- CH2 - CH2 - O - CH2- C - OH

Question 43

Which of the following is the reaction for the acid hydrolysis of ethyl formate?

A) O O
CH₃
- C - O - CH₃
+ NaOH → CH₃
- C - O- Na+ + CH₃
- OH
B) O O
CH₃
- C - O - CH₃
+ H2O → CH₃
- C - OH + CH₃
- OH
C) O O
H - C - O - CH₃
+ H2O → H - C - OH + CH₃
- OH
D) O O
H - C - O - CH2 - CH₃
+ H2O → H - C - OH + CH₃
- CH2 - OH
E) O OH
|
H - C - O - CH2 - CH₃
+ H2O → H - C - O - CH2 - CH₃
|
OH

Question 44

The alcohol and carboxylic acid required to form propyl ethanoate are

A)methanol and propionic acid.
B)ethanol and propionic acid.
C)propanol and propanoic acid.
D)1-propanol and ethanoic acid.
E)2-propanol and ethanoic acid.

Question 45

The splitting apart of an ester in the presence of a strong acid and water is called

A)hydrolysis.
B)saponification.
C)neutralization.
D)esterification.
E)reduction.

Question 46

Carboxylic acids are responsible for the sweet taste of fruits and vegetables.

Question 47

What is the product of the reaction of an alcohol and a carboxylic acid when reacted together under acidic conditions?

A)an ether
B)an ester
C)a salt
D)a ketone
E)an aldehyde

Question 48

Which part of a soap is responsible for its ability to dissolve fats and oily dirt?

A)the hydrophilic end
B)the hydrophobic end
C)the carboxylate
D)the ionized oxygen
E)the carbonyl group

Question 49

What chemical process is responsible for the smell of vinegar in an old bottle of aspirin?

A)reduction
B)hydration
C)hydrolysis
D)esterification
E)dissolution

Question 50

What is the common name of this compound? O CH₃ - C - O - CH2 - CH₃

A)ethyl methyl ester
B)diethyl ester
C)ethyl methanoate
D)2-ether-2-butanone
E)ethyl acetate

Question 51

Give the IUPAC name for the following compound.

A)methyl formyl ether
B)methyl methanoate
C)methyl ethanoate
D)methyl formate
E)ethanoate

Question 52

Give the IUPAC name for the following compound.

A)ethyl propyl ether
B)ethyl propanoate
C)ethyl butanoate
D)hexanoic acid
E)4-hexanal

Question 53

What is the name of the structure formed when a soap coats an oily particle to make it water soluble?

A)micelle
B)cluster
C)liposome
D)dimer
E)lipid

Question 54

The reaction of an ester with NaOH is known as

A)esterification.
B)neutralization.
C)saponification.
D)reduction.
E)oxidation.

Question 55

It is always safe to use any commercial skin care product without doing a test patch first.

Question 56

The major acidic component of vinegar is formic acid.

Question 57

From what component is the first part of the IUPAC name of an ester (such as methyl acetate) derived?

A)the carboxylic acid
B)the alcohol
C)the ether
D)the ester
E)the amide

Question 58

Alpha-hydroxy acids should be used at concentrations under 10% in skin care products.

Question 59

Which of the following is the reaction for the saponification of methyl acetate?

A) O O
CH₃
- C - O - CH₃
+ NaOH → CH₃
- C - OH + CH₃
- O- Na+
B) O O
CH₃
- C - O - CH₃
+ NaOH → CH₃
- C - O- Na+ + CH₃
- OH
C) O O
H - C - O - CH₃
+ H2O → H - C - O- + CH₃
- OH
D) O O
H - C - O - CH₃
+ NaOH → H - C - O- Na+ + CH₃
- OH
E) O O
CH₃
- C - O - CH₃
+ H2O → CH₃
- C - O- + CH₃
- OH

Question 60

Many of the fragrances of flowers and the flavors of fruits are due to

A)ethers.
B)carboxylic acids.
C)esters.
D)amines.
E)amides.

Question 61

When benzoic acid is neutralized by sodium hydroxide, sodium benzoate is formed.

Question 62

The Krebs cycle is a process that the cell uses to produce energy.

Question 63

Sodium benzoate is a common preservative.

Question 64

Citric acid is an important part of glycolysis.

Question 65

Esters are formed from the reaction of an ether with a carboxylic acid.

Question 66

Sodium propionate is a common disinfectant.

Question 67

Butyl alcohol is one of the reactants used to make methyl butyrate.

Question 68

Polyesters are plastics that are used to make fabrics, bottles, and medical devices such as heart valves.

Question 69

Benzoic acid is an aromatic carboxylic acid.

Question 70

The boiling points of carboxylic acids are lower than the corresponding alcohols.

Question 71

Carboxylic acids with four or fewer carbons are very water soluble.

Question 72

Methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen) is used therapeutically as a counter-irritant.

Question 73

The Krebs cycle and the citric acid cycle are different processes.

Question 74

When in solution, carboxylic acids are mostly in their ionized forms.

Question 75

The IUPAC name of this compound is propanoic acid.

Question 76

An ester is derived from an alcohol and a carboxylic acid.

Question 77

The ester formed from butyl alcohol and acetic acid is called butyl acetate.

Question 78

The IUPAC name of this compound is methyl butanoate.

Question 79

Carboxylic acids are strong acids.

Question 80

Carboxylic acids with more than five carbons are very water soluble.