Deck 14: Motivating and Rewarding Employees

Question 1

Motivation is a drive that some people have and others don't have.

Answer 1

False
Explanation: All people have motivation in different amounts for different things. A person may be highly motivated to perform one task and not at all motivated to perform another. Therefore, it is incorrect to describe some individuals as generally "motivated" or "unmotivated."

Question 2

McClelland proposed that people with a high nAch simply want to do things better than other people.

Answer 2

True
Explanation: McClelland felt that nAch was an innate drive to achieve. In many cases, it manifested itself in a person seeing an existing state of affairs and feeling that he or she can improve the situation and do a better job than the people who came before.

Question 3

In Herzberg's view, removing a hygiene factor makes a person less dissatisfied with his or her job.

Answer 3

True
Explanation: Herzberg's hygiene factors are extrinsic sources of dissatisfaction. Removing or improving a hygiene factor results in reducing job dissatisfaction.

Question 4

Maslow argued that each level in the needs hierarchy must be substantially satisfied before the next becomes dominant.

Question 5

McGregor holds the opinion that managers are less successful when they adopt a Theory Y view of human nature.

Question 6

In Herzberg's view, removing a factor of dissatisfaction makes a person more satisfied with his or her job.

Question 7

Maslow states that people can no longer be motivated by a given need if it is largely taken care of.

Question 8

Maslow's empirical studies provided substantial proof of the validity of his hierarchical model.

Question 9

A single individual can have high motivation for one task and low motivation for another task.

Question 10

According to McGregor, most people enjoy work and responsibility and generally have a Theory X view of life.

Question 11

In Maslow's system, a person takes care of social needs before worrying about personal safety.

Question 12

In McGregor's theory of motivation, managers with a Theory Y view of life think people need to be given the freedom to make their own choices.

Question 13

Maslow contends that lower-order needs are satisfied internally and higher-order needs are satisfied externally.

Question 14

Persistence is the amount of drive and intensity a person applies to a task.

Question 15

The three key elements in the definition of motivation are energy, direction, and achievement.

Question 16

Maslow's hierarchy of needs proposes that all needs are sought after to an equal degree at all times.

Question 17

Motivation is a process that leads to a goal.

Question 18

Most U.S. employees are excited about their jobs.

Question 19

Using fear as a motivator is a Theory X management style.

Question 20

In Maslow's view, the key to understanding motivation is to understand where in the hierarchy of needs a person is located.

Question 21

Motivation is NOT ________.

A) a permanent personal trait
B) a process that leads to a goal
C) something that varies from situation to situation
D) something that requires a direction

Question 22

Vroom's expectancy theory sees a link between effort and performance, performance and reward, and rewards and individual goals as the keys to motivation.

Question 23

McClelland thinks that having a high nAch guarantees that a person will be a good manager.

Question 24

Professionals are best motivated by extra pay and promotion within the organization.

Question 25

Pay-for-performance programs pay employees for their time rather than for their output.

Question 26

Vroom's expectancy theory would say that a worker with a higher expectation of performance will apply more effort to a job.

Question 27

According to expectancy theory, managers should give all workers the same rewards.

Question 28

Open-book management programs motivate by giving employees a greater sense of ownership in the company.

Question 29

Which element of motivation is a measure of intensity or drive?

A) direction
B) energy
C) persistence
D) achievement

Question 30

Today's workplaces provide a wide range of scheduling options and benefits that allow employees more flexibility at work and allow them to better balance or integrate their work and personal lives.

Question 31

Goal-setting theory shows that feedback from a superior provides better motivation than self-generated feedback.

Question 32

Equity theory holds that employees who feel underpaid will decrease their level of effort and performance in response to feelings of inequity.

Question 33

Job sharing improves production by allowing people to fit their jobs better into their lifestyles.

Question 34

Telecommuting satisfies the needs of employees to interact socially.

Question 35

An advantage of telecommuting is that companies do not necessarily have to be located near their workforce.

Question 36

The job characteristics model, or JCM, holds that the three core job dimensions-skill variety, task identity, and task significance-combine to give work true meaning.

Question 37

In the JCM, autonomy and feedback are not core dimensions for a job.

Question 38

Motivation theories do not work well in U.S. organizations because of the emphasis Americans place on individualism and achievement.

Question 39

Goal-setting theory states that having specific goals improves performance.

Question 40

Equity theory has three referent categories to which workers compare themselves: persons, systems, and self.

Question 41

Maslow sees food as being on the same level of need as which of the following?

A) sex
B) companionship
C) self-esteem
D) personal safety

Question 42

Maslow's hierarchical model ________.

A) has been validated by a number of studies
B) has never been validated by studies
C) has been validated by empirical studies
D) has been invalidated by intuitive means

Question 43

According to Maslow, a person stranded on a desert island would ________ before he or she worried about making weapons.

A) look for other people
B) build a house
C) start a family
D) establish his or her status on the island

Question 44

The direction of an individual's motivation can be channeled to benefit ________.

A) only an organization
B) both individuals and/or organizations
C) only an individual
D) an individual's family only

Question 45

A manager with a Theory X view of human nature would ________.

A) be unlikely to allow workers to work independently
B) be likely to let workers coordinate their work
C) allow workers to monitor themselves
D) trust his or her workers

Question 46

Maslow's theory is a hierarchy because ________.

A) all needs are equal
B) all needs are important
C) needs are satisfied sequentially
D) needs are never truly satisfied

Question 47

A manager with a Theory Y view of human nature would be likely ________.

A) not to try to inspire his or her workers
B) to try to challenge his or her workers
C) to try to intimidate his or her workers
D) to monitor his or her workers closely

Question 48

About ________ of the U.S. workforce is excited about work.

A) one-quarter
B) one-half
C) a little over half
D) about three-quarters

Question 49

Theory X assumes that people work hard ________.

A) only when they are forced
B) because they enjoy a sense of accomplishment
C) whether or not they are paid
D) out of a sense of fairness

Question 50

The key to motivation, according to Maslow, is to identify ________.

A) higher-order needs first
B) a person's level in the needs hierarchy
C) lower-order needs last
D) a person's most important level in the needs hierarchy

Question 51

Workers with a Theory X point of view would be most likely to respond to ________.

A) kindness
B) a hands-off approach
C) fear of losing their job
D) freedom to modify their job

Question 52

Maslow argued that once a need is substantially satisfied, ________.

A) the next need becomes dominant
B) individuals no longer require that need
C) that need continues to be the primary motivation of an individual
D) it becomes a higher-order need

Question 53

Maslow believes that higher-order needs ________.

A) are satisfied externally
B) are satisfied first
C) are satisfied internally
D) are satisfied most often

Question 54

According to Herzberg, which kind of characteristics are most closely associated with job dissatisfaction?

A) intrinsic things that come from within themselves
B) extrinsic things that come from the outside
C) lack of advancement
D) the goals of the job

Question 55

Workers with a Theory Y point of view would be likely to ________.

A) just want to collect a paycheck
B) love their job more than the money they make
C) avoid work unless rewards were high
D) avoid responsibility for their actions

Question 56

________ assumes that employees have little ambition, dislike work, and avoid responsibility.

A) Theory Y
B) Theory X
C) Self-actualization Need Theory
D) Belongingness Need Theory

Question 57

Which of the following is a lower-order need in Maslow's hierarchy?

A) love
B) self-worth
C) independence
D) personal safety

Question 58

Self-actualization most closely corresponds to ________.

A) satisfying basic animal needs
B) fitting in with others
C) feeling aware of one's strengths
D) be all you can be

Question 59

Theory Y assumes that people inherently ________.

A) are driven by fear
B) are unhappy
C) want to control their own destiny
D) don't trust one another

Question 60

An individual who wants to buy a home in a neighborhood with a low crime rate is satisfying which need?

A) esteem
B) safety
C) physiological
D) self-actualization

Question 61

According to Herzberg, hygiene factors ________.

A) help people avoid infections
B) control motivation but not satisfaction
C) control dissatisfaction but not satisfaction
D) control motivation and satisfaction

Question 62

According to Herzberg, favorable hygiene factors can cause an employee to feel ________.

A) satisfied
B) not dissatisfied
C) dissatisfied
D) indifferent

Question 63

Which of the following is true of the three early theories of motivation?

A) Maslow focuses on job satisfaction.
B) McGregor focuses on the needs of the individual.
C) Both McGregor and Herzberg focus on human nature.
D) Only McGregor focuses on human nature.

Question 64

Which of the following is true of the three early theories of motivation?

A) Herzberg focuses on job satisfaction.
B) McGregor does not address motivation.
C) Maslow focuses on job satisfaction.
D) Herzberg focuses on needs.

Question 65

Which three needs are recognized in McClelland's three-needs theory?

A) achievement, power, security
B) achievement, power, affiliation
C) power, comfort, stimulation
D) security, self-interest, affiliation

Question 66

According to Herzberg, when an extremely dissatisfied employee gets an improved salary and working conditions, he or she ________.

A) becomes more motivated and more satisfied
B) becomes less motivated and less satisfied
C) becomes more dissatisfied, and his or her motivation increases
D) becomes less dissatisfied, and his or her motivation is unaffected

Question 67

Herzberg has had the greatest influence on which of the following?

A) employee pay scales
B) work conditions
C) how managers design jobs
D) labor-management relations

Question 68

You would expect a successful inventor of a new type of heart valve to have a high ________.

A) nAff
B) nPow
C) nAch
D) nFun

Question 69

According to Herzberg, the opposite of the state of being satisfied is ________.

A) the opposite of dissatisfied
B) not satisfied
C) an extrinsic factor
D) the opposite of intrinsic

Question 70

According to Herzberg, in order to provide employees with job satisfaction, managers should concentrate on ________.

A) salary and status
B) working conditions
C) achievement and recognition
D) security

Question 71

Successful managers tend to be better at ________.

A) doing their own work than helping others
B) identifying their own goals than identifying goals of subordinates
C) helping others achieve goals than achieving their own goals
D) accomplishing goals than identifying goals

Question 72

According to Herzberg, what controls satisfaction and motivation?

A) intrinsic factors
B) extrinsic factors
C) both intrinsic and extrinsic factors
D) extrinsic and security factors

Question 73

According to Herzberg, which of the following is considered a motivator?

A) pay
B) working conditions
C) hygiene factors
D) responsibility

Question 74

McClelland's most influential need is the ________.

A) need for achievement
B) need for power
C) need for recognition
D) need for affiliation

Question 75

Which of the following was directly influenced by Herzberg's two-factor theory?

A) Maslow's hierarchy of needs
B) the job characteristics model
C) McClelland's three-needs theory
D) expectancy theory

Question 76

Successful managers tend to have this more than any other trait.

A) low nPow
B) high nPow
C) high nAch
D) high nAff

Question 77

According to Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene theory, ________ are associated with job satisfaction.

A) rewards
B) punishments
C) hygiene factors
D) motivators

Question 78

Why are individuals with a high nAch not the most successful managers?

A) They are concerned more about effectiveness than efficiency.
B) They are more focused on organizational goals than their own desires for promotion.
C) They focus too much on their own goals than the goals of others.
D) They can easily be distracted by trying to build a better mousetrap.

Question 79

Which of the following holds that intrinsic factors are related to job satisfaction and extrinsic factors are related to job dissatisfaction?

A) Maslow's hierarchy of needs
B) McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y
C) Vroom's expectancy theory
D) Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory

Question 80

Which of the following suggests that humans have an innate desire for friendly and close interpersonal relationships?

A) need for achievement
B) need for power
C) need for fulfillment
D) need for affiliation