Deck 16: HIV and Aids

Question 1

In a healthy immune system,antibodies function to

A)create additional macrophages.
B)inactivate and mark antigens for destruction.
C)engulf foreign particles and destroy them.
D)signal the spleen to produce more leukocytes.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What is a common type of cancer NOT associated with AIDS?

A)Kaposi's sarcoma
B)lung cancer
C)cancer of the lymphatic system
D)invasive cervical cancer

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What becomes "deficient" when someone is infected with HIV?

A)the red blood cells
B)the functioning of the nervous system
C)the respiratory system
D)the immune system

Answer 3

D

Question 4

AIDS is called a syndrome because

A)the symptoms occur in groups.
B)it attacks the immune system.
C)it is acquired,not inherited.
D)the CDC has classified it this way.

Question 5

AIDS

A)is a name given by the Red Cross to a disease affecting people in undeveloped countries.
B)was formerly an acronym but now stands as a symbol for a global perspective on education about STIs.
C)is no longer considered a STI.
D)an acronym for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Question 6

A Lymphocytes include

A)antigens and antibodies
B)macrophages
C)B cells and several types of T cells
D)all of these

Question 7

Two years after becoming HIV positive,Gordon suddenly loses a great deal of weight,feels very weak,and has persistent diarrhea.This condition is called

A)wasting syndrome.
B)cytomegalovirus (CMV).
C)leukemia.
D)lymphoma.

Question 8

Kaposi's sarcoma refers to a cancer of the

A)lungs.
B)skin.
C)blood vessels.
D)stomach.

Question 9

Which of the following diseases were observed in healthy young men,essentially triggering research which resulted in identifying HIV/AIDS?

A)lung cancer
B)Lou Gehrig's disease
C)Kaposi's sarcoma
D)anal cancer

Question 10

According to the text,the most profound changes in human sexuality over the past 30 years have occurred as a result of

A)HIV.
B)new reproductive technology.
C)advancements in birth control.
D)the conservative movement.

Question 11

Charles has been experiencing changes in his moods and,consequently,in his behavior.He has been having difficulty moving around and frequently forgets what he is about to do.What clinical condition associated with AIDS is he suffering from?

A)wasting syndrome
B)lymphoma
C)AIDS dementia
D)cytomegalovirus

Question 12

How did scientific awareness of HIV begin?

A)The United Nations notified the world about an epidemic in Africa.
B)Gay men protested the lack of adequate funding for research on all STIs.
C)Doctors noted rare diseases in healthy young men in major U.S.cities.
D)The same bacteria causing other STIs were found to have mutated into a new form.

Question 13

Several months after being told he has tested positive for HIV,Maury begins to develop fluid in his lungs.A treating physician tells Maury that he has the most common opportunistic infection,namely

A)bacterial pneumonia.
B)pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.
C)mycobacterium avium intracellulare (MAI).
D)toxoplasmosis.

Question 14

Miranda just received the results of her HIV/AIDS screening blood tests and it showed HIV antibodies and a T-cell count below 200.What does this mean?

A)She is HIV positive.
B)She is HIV negative or has been recently infected.
C)The result is unclear and the tests should be repeated.
D)She has AIDS.

Question 15

Your friend Dean has been battling HIV for several years.Recently you have noticed purplish blotches appearing on his skin.Most likely,he is dealing with

A)mycobacterium avium intracellulare.
B)skin lymphoma.
C)PCP.
D)Kaposi's sarcoma.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about the leukocyte is FALSE?

A)Leukocytes appear in the blood,lymph nodes,spleen,and other lymphatic tissues.
B)One type of leukocyte is the lymphocyte.
C)A particular type of leukocyte is critical in maintaining immunity to disease.
D)Platelets are sometimes called leukocytes.

Question 17

______________ engulf foreign particles.

A)Red blood cells
B)Plasma
C)Macrophages
D)Hormones

Question 18

To say that AIDS is an acquired disease means that it is

A)not inherited.
B)inherited.
C)a sexually transmissible disease.
D)easily transmitted.

Question 19

AIDS stands for

A)Altered Immune Defense System.
B)Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.
C)AtypicalImmune Defense Syndrome.
D)Asymptomatic Immune Disorder Site.

Question 20

All of the following groups were affected early by the spread of HIV EXCEPT

A)Latinos.
B)hemophiliacs.
C)gay men.
D)Haitians.

Question 21

Which type of lymphocyte directs the body's immune system response by signaling for the creation of antibodies and activating certain cells specialized for attacking foreign bodies?

A)leukocytes
B)C cells
C)helper T cells
D)killer B cells

Question 22

Dominique thinks that she was exposed to HIV.When will the antibodies be detectable in her blood?

A)one to two years following exposure
B)one month following exposure
C)immediately
D)two to eight weeks following exposure

Question 23

One of the reasons HIV is difficult to destroy once it has infected a person is because

A)the virus mutates as soon as the person is infected.
B)viruses are primitive entities which thrive in a host.
C)helper T cells are attracted to GP 120.
D)retroviruses interfere with the normal immune process.

Question 24

______________ are programmed to "read" the antigens and then begin directing the immune system's response.

A)Helper T cells
B)Antibodies
C)Lymphocytes
D)Macrophages

Question 25

HIV is called a retrovirus because

A)it rewrites the genetic structure of the cell's DNA.
B)its action slows down when it enters a new cell.
C)it undergoes rapid cell division within the host cell.
D)it mutates so readily.

Question 26

The UNAIDS states that the HIV/AIDS epidemic has

A)steadily increased for the last ten years.
B)doubled over the last five years.
C)doubled in the last eight years.
D)halted.

Question 27

How does HIV kill T cells?

A)It engulfs macrophages that then enlarge and engulf all other types of lymphocytes.
B)It weakens red blood cells so that they no longer produce antibodies and attack antigens.
C)It alters the DNA of the cell and causes the T cells to replicate HIV rather than themselves.
D)It attacks and destroys the suppressor T cells by altering their metabolism.

Question 28

The study of the incidence,process,distribution,and control of a disease is called

A)entomology.
B)demographics.
C)epidemiology.
D)statistics.

Question 29

The World Health Organization reported that over ____ million people have died of AIDS worldwide.

A)4
B)11
C)15
D)30

Question 30

Which of the following statements about the early phase of HIV infection is FALSE?

A)Many people experience what seems like a severe case of the flu.
B)The T-cell count may suddenly rise to fight off the invading virus.
C)The HIV undergoes a seeding process and is dispersed throughout the lymphatic system.
D)The HIV begins to destroy T cells and replicate itself.

Question 31

Large molecules that are capable of stimulating the immune system are called

A)lymph nodes.
B)antigens.
C)antibodies.
D)helper T cells.

Question 32

Antigens are

A)large molecules that activate the immune system.
B)enzymes within the body that attack invading organisms.
C)chemical barriers that surround uninfected cells.
D)cells that bind to antibodies and mark them for destruction by killer cells.

Question 33

Harold is in the advanced phase of AIDS.Approximately what will his T-cell count be?

A)between 200 to 500 per milliliter of blood
B)less than 200 per milliliter of blood
C)500 to 1600 per milliliter of blood
D)more than 500 per milliliter of blood

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a virus?

A)It is basically a protein-coated gene package.
B)It can move independently through the body.
C)It cannot reproduce except in a host cell.
D)It has no life of its own.

Question 35

Which types of lymphocytes attack and kill foreign bodies such as bacteria and viruses?

A)macrophages and killer T cells
B)C cells and D cells
C)helper T cells and antigens
D)killer T cells and B cells

Question 36

HIV is particularly difficult to destroy because it is a retrovirus;that is,it

A)mutates often and can reverse the normal genetic writing process.
B)causes an overproduction of macrophages in the lymphatic system.
C)alters the genetic structure of the helper T-cells.
D)attacks both red and white blood cells in the body.

Question 37

_________________ are white blood cells that engulf foreign particles and display the invader's antigen like a signal flag.

A)Helper T cells
B)Antibodies
C)Macrophages
D)Lymphocytes

Question 38

The first detectable sign of HIV infection in the body is

A)weight loss,weakness,and diarrhea.
B)the presence of HIV antibodies in the blood.
C)the presence of HIV itself in the blood.
D)the proliferation of macrophages and B-cells.

Question 39

According to UNAIDS,an estimated ____ million people are now living with HIV.

A)14
B)24
C)34
D)44

Question 40

The region of the world hit hardest by HIV/AIDS is

A)South America.
B)Asia and the Pacific Islands.
C)the Middle East and Northern Africa.
D)Sub-Saharan Africa.

Question 41

Intravenous drug users pass HIV through

A)oral-genital contact.
B)infected semen.
C)shared paraphernalia.
D)perinatal transmission.

Question 42

Harold is in the advanced phase of AIDS.Approximately what will his T-cell count be?

A)between 200 to 500 per milliliter of blood
B)less than 200 per milliliter of blood
C)500 to 1600 per milliliter of blood
D)more than 500 per milliliter of blood

Question 43

The World Health Organization reported that over ____ million people have died of AIDS worldwide.

A)2
B)5
C)12
D)25

Question 44

After a teenager in the neighborhood was diagnosed with HIV,Mark would not allow his teenage children to use the local pool,fearing they could become infected.How would you evaluate this?

A)It is possible that HIV could pass from a sore or cut on an infected person through the water to a healthy person with a cut or sore.
B)If there is one HIV positive teenager in the neighborhood,it is likely there are others,and this father is wise to protect his children.
C)Although the virus cannot be transmitted via water in the pool,Mark is wise to be concerned since it can be transmitted via shared showers,water fountains,and sink usage.
D)HIV is not transmitted in water.Routes of HIV transmission are well documented.There is no danger.

Question 45

What percentage of untreated HIV positive pregnant women will pass the virus on to their babies?

A)about 15%
B)25-33%
C)33-50%
D)almost 100%

Question 46

Both men and women are at maximum risk for HIV transmission when they engage in

A)unprotected vaginal intercourse.
B)unprotected receptive fellatio.
C)receptive anal intercourse.
D)same-sex sexual activity.

Question 47

Since the epidemic began,the proportion of AIDS diagnoses among whites has __________,and the proportion among African Americans and Hispanics/Latinos has ________________.

A)decreased;increased
B)remained the same;decreased
C)increased;decreased
D)increased;remained the same

Question 48

Recent research has indicated that HIV can be transmitted by

A)eating food prepared by an HIV infected food handler.
B)donating blood.
C)sports-participation accidents.
D)None of these.

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT a myth connected with AIDS?

A)There have been several cases where people have come down with HIV by contact with an infected toilet seat.
B)HIV can be contracted from mosquito bites.
C)HIV may be transmitted from being spit on by an HIV-infected person.
D)If you have HIV,you may not necessarily have AIDS.

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT a way in which HIV can be transmitted sexually?

A)solo masturbation with a partner
B)shared sex toys
C)unprotected oral-genital contact
D)unprotected vaginal intercourse

Question 51

An HIV positive woman can pass the virus to her baby by __________ her baby.

A)kissing
B)cuddling with
C)breastfeeding
D)None of these.

Question 52

How do most children contract HIV?

A)infected breast milk
B)perinatal transmission
C)transfusions with infected blood
D)parenteral transmission

Question 53

Abraham is attempting to determine the number of new cases of HIV in his community,and the gender and socioeconomic status of those infected.These characteristics are called

A)demographics
B)sociomics
C)correlations
D)ethnographics

Question 54

According to UNAIDS,an estimated ____ million people are now living with HIV.

A)13
B)23
C)33
D)43

Question 55

In 2009,men accounted for ___ % of those diagnosed with HIV.

A)26
B)46
C)56
D)76

Question 56

If an HIV-infected woman is treated with certain drugs during pregnancy,she can reduce the chances that she will infect her baby with HIV to ___%.

A)1
B)5
C)15
D)30

Question 57

HIV can be contracted through oral sex by way of

A)the ingestion of sexual secretions via the stomach lining.
B)cuts or lesions in or around the mouth.
C)playful biting of the genitals.
D)the ingestion of saliva of an infected person.

Question 58

Who is most at risk for HIV transmission through vaginal sex?

A)men
B)women
C)men and women equally
D)The risk of transmission through vaginal sex is very low so it is difficult to estimate if there are gender differences.

Question 59

Receptive anal intercourse is extremely risky for the transmission of HIV because

A)the existence of semen and feces within the rectum can develop the virus.
B)the membrane lining the rectum ruptures easily,exposing blood vessels.
C)the virus can enter the stomach through the digestive system.
D)there are many leukocytes present within the colon.

Question 60

Through which of the following body fluids is AIDS transmissible?

A)sweat
B)tears
C)semen
D)All of these.

Question 61

The highest proportion of HIV infection in the United States is among

A)Latinos.
B)Caucasians.
C)African Americans.
D)Asians.

Question 62

The largest group of women who are HIV-positive were infected through

A)engaging in oral intercourse.
B)sex with an infected partner.
C)having unprotected fellatio.
D)an HIV-positive mother.

Question 63

If you are not in a high-risk group,you have little to fear from HIV.

Question 64

Among African American men living with HIV/AIDS,the most common form of transmission was

A)sexual contact with other men.
B)heterosexual intercourse.
C)IV drug use.
D)congenital.

Question 65

Researchers suggest that topical microbicides may effectively prevent HIV infection when

A)applied to the vagina prior to intercourse.
B)applied to the vagina following intercourse.
C)used to neutralize harmful bacteria.
D)paired with a powerful vaccine.

Question 66

A recent study of women at urban health clinics seems to indicate that _____________ may play a larger role in HIV transmission than race or ethnicity.

A)poverty
B)lack of access to health care
C)substance abuse
D)All of these.

Question 67

AIDS refers to a "syndrome" because symptoms occur as a group.

Question 68

Which of the following is NOT a common way that women are infected with HIV?

A)unprotected oral or vaginal sex
B)IV drug use
C)unprotected sex with a bisexual male
D)exposure in health care occupations

Question 69

How do antiretroviral drugs work?

A)they kill the HIV
B)they cause the body to increase production of all types of T-cells
C)they fight opportunistic infections
D)they interfere with reproduction of the virus

Question 70

The most common test for HIV antibodies is

A)HCG.
B)EIA.
C)PCR.
D)the Western blot.

Question 71

Which of the following is NOT a recommended practice for persons who are HIV positive?

A)practice safer sex
B)stop smoking tobacco
C)limit alcohol
D)avoid contact with other HIV-positive people

Question 72

Isaac lives a sexual lifestyle that involves more than one partner.To protect himself,Isaac needs to

A)use condoms consistently.
B)avoid partners who have greater risk markers,such as the poor.
C)ask his partners about their sexual history.
D)limit himself to vaginal intercourse.

Question 73

Which of the following approaches to HIV prevention is most controversial?

A)condom dispensers in the bathrooms at restaurants
B)trained teen peer counselors talking to classmates
C)safe sex posters in gay bars and bookstores
D)needle exchange programs for injecting drug users

Question 74

A person with HIV may be asymptomatic.

Question 75

HIV-positive people get opportunistic infections because their immune system is unable to fight off the bacteria or viruses involved.

Question 76

If the EIA test is positive,it should be followed up by which test?

A)HCG
B)PSA
C)PCR
D)Western blot

Question 77

HIV-positive means you have AIDS.

Question 78

People who are infected with HIV are treated with

A)a cocktail of several antibiotics.
B)macrophagic cells.
C)antiretroviral therapy.
D)People are not treated until they have AIDS.

Question 79

An estimated 1 in ___ persons living with HIV is unaware of their infection,and may unknowingly transmit it to others.

A)3
B)5
C)10
D)12

Question 80

HIV spread very rapidly through the gay male population because

A)of the wildly promiscuous lifestyle of gay men.
B)anal sex is such an efficient mode of transmission.
C)inflated figures when estimating how many people had HIV/AIDS.
D)gay men generally do not use condoms when performing fellatio.