Deck 6: Seciton 4: the First Two Years: Cognitive Development

Question 1

Babies in the fourth stage of sensorimotor development work to achieve their goals.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Deferred imitation is a kind of memory infants begin to exhibit at about 18 to 24 months of age.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The visual cliff is used to determine whether infants recognize that height affords falling.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Habituation research is a technique that Piaget developed for testing his theories.

Question 5

By 8 months of age, infants have an understanding of object permanence.

Question 6

Habituation research has revealed that babies are more advanced than Piaget believed.

Question 7

Eighteen-month-old babies display object permanence, but they also display the A-not-B error.

Question 8

Babies are unable to use their imaginations after completing each of Piaget's six stages of sensorimotor development.

Question 9

New methods of measuring infant brain activity have provided excellent support for Piaget's theories about the timing of infant cognitive skill acquisition.

Question 10

A baby in Piaget's stage three of the sensorimotor period will attempt to make interesting events last.

Question 11

A toddler in stage five of sensorimotor development is a "little scientist."

Question 12

The fourth stage of Piaget's sensorimotor period is often referred to as ends to the mean.

Question 13

Piaget's theory has been criticized for being based on too large of a sample.

Question 14

The stage of tertiary circular reactions is when infants begin experimenting with thought and deed.

Question 15

Infants prefer to look at stationary objects over moving objects.

Question 16

There are five stages of sensorimotor intelligence.

Question 17

Babies in the stage of tertiary circular reactions explore the world, actively experimenting on their environment.

Question 18

Mirror neurons may underlie an infant's ability to learn from watching and listening.

Question 19

One of the first acquired adaptations is an accommodation of reflexes-for example, the reflexes involved in sucking a pacifier.

Question 20

According to Piaget, the period of sensorimotor intelligence comes to an end shortly after the first birthday.

Question 21

Infants tend to have more implicit memories than explicit memories.

Question 22

Chomsky argued that babies are born to learn language.

Question 23

Babies whose caregivers use child-directed speech learn language more slowly than babies whose caregivers use adult patterns in their speech.

Question 24

Reminder sessions can prolong a young infant's memory of earlier events.

Question 25

A child's first word combinations-for example, "More cookie," or "My toy"-are called holophrases.

Question 26

One word plus expression, tone, loudness, and cadence make up a holophrase.

Question 27

Baby talk refers to the sounds made by babies and imitated by parents in the first few weeks after birth.

Question 28

According to Skinner, toddlers with smaller vocabularies have parents who do not talk to them very much.

Question 29

Preverbal infants show a preference for child-directed over ordinary adult speech.

Question 30

The first two-word sentence appears between 18 and 24 months of age.

Question 31

A child's grammar use becomes obvious when he or she begins to produce holophrases.

Question 32

"Language acquisition device" is a term Chomsky used to refer to the infant's inborn ability to learn language.

Question 33

Reading to infants has no effect on their language learning since they do not understand most words used in children's books.

Question 34

According to Skinner, a grandfather who smiles whenever the baby says "pa-pa" is providing reinforcement for talking.

Question 35

The sequence of early language development is universal.

Question 36

Deaf babies do not babble.

Question 37

The sequence in which language development occurs depends upon which language is spoken.