Deck 14: Seciton 3: Adolescence: Biosocial Development

Question 1

For girls, menarche is _____.

A) the beginning of growth of the uterus
B) the first ovulation of a mature egg
C) a girl's first menstrual period
D) the first year of menstruation

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Bill, age 11, noticed that he has some pubic hair. According to the usual sequence of puberty, his next pubertal event will probably be _____.

A) beard development
B) penis growth
C) spermarche
D) voice change

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The period when children's bodies become adult in terms of size, shape, and sexuality is called _____.

A) puberty
B) youth
C) the growth spurt
D) secondary sex development

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Nancy, age 12, has just experienced a sudden growth spurt. According to the usual sequence of puberty, soon she will notice _____.

A) initial pubic hair growth
B) breast development
C) her hips growing wider
D) an increase in her shoe size

Question 5

The organ that produces the hormones that stimulate the adrenal glands is the _____.

A) pituitary
B) gonad
C) hypothalamus
D) thyroid

Question 6

For boys, the first ejaculation generally occurs _____.

A) when facial hair first appears
B) after the peak growth spurt
C) following growth of the penis
D) when the final pubic hair pattern is established

Question 7

Which gland(s) receive(s) signals directly from the hypothalamus?

A) adrenals
B) testes
C) pituitary
D) gonads

Question 8

Body chemicals that regulate sleep, moods, hunger, and stress are called _____.

A) the HPA axis
B) the brain stem
C) hormones
D) adrenal glands

Question 9

The biological events that begin puberty involve a hormonal signal from the _____.

A) cerebellum
B) hypothalamus
C) hippocampus
D) ovaries or testes

Question 10

For both girls and boys, puberty typically begins as young as _____ years of age or as late as _____ years of age.

A) 5; 18
B) 7; 16
C) 8; 14
D) 10; 13

Question 11

The first hormones to begin the process of puberty are triggered in the child's _____.

A) gonads
B) penis or uterus
C) adrenal glands
D) hypothalamus

Question 12

The first outward sign of puberty in a typical girl is _____.

A) an increase in weight
B) the development of muscular strength
C) a spurt in height
D) the onset of nipple growth

Question 13

_____ are the sex hormones secreted in greater amounts by males than females.

A) Progesterones
B) Androgens
C) Estrogens
D) Adrenalines

Question 14

The correct sequence of puberty hormone production that starts in the brain and ends with glands located atop the kidneys is the _____.

A) hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal axis
B) pituitary, adrenal, hypothalamus axis
C) adrenal, hypothalamus, pituitary axis
D) pituitary, hypothalamus, adrenal axis

Question 15

At adolescence, the pituitary activates the _____, which are the ovaries in females and testicles in males.

A) gonads
B) pituitary glands
C) adrenal glands
D) sex glands

Question 16

For boys, the usual sequence of physical changes in puberty is _____.

A) growth of the testes; initial pubic hair growth; growth of the penis; spermarche
B) growth of the testes; growth of the penis; initial pubic hair growth; spermarche
C) spermarche; growth of the testes; growth of the penis; initial pubic hair growth
D) initial pubic hair growth; growth of the testes; spermarche; growth of the penis

Question 17

For boys, the first ejaculation of seminal fluid is _____.

A) penis growth
B) spermarche
C) first intercourse
D) pubic hair

Question 18

What substance(s) cause(s) the ovaries and testes to greatly increase their production of estradiol and testosterone?

A) human growth hormones
B) follicle-stimulating hormones
C) gonadotropin-releasing hormone
D) cortisol

Question 19

The sequence of puberty hormone production that originates in the brain and ends with glands located atop the kidneys is known by the acronym _____.

A) HAG pathway
B) HAP pathway
C) HPG axis
D) HPA axis

Question 20

For girls, the usual sequence of physical changes in puberty is _____.

A) menarche, the growth spurt, and the beginning of breast development
B) nipple growth, the growth spurt, and menarche
C) the growth spurt, menarche, and the beginning of breast development
D) the growth spurt, the beginning of breast development, and menarche

Question 21

Statistically, which adolescent is MOST apt to experience menarche first?

A) Michelle, who is European American
B) Cecilia, who is Hispanic American
C) Rebecca, who is African American
D) Maria, who is Chinese American

Question 22

Statistically, which student is MOST likely to fall asleep during class?

A) Ariel, age 5
B) Wilhelm, age 8
C) Allen, age 11
D) Rose, age 14

Question 23

A determining factor in whether an adolescent experiences early and late pubertal maturation is when their _____ through puberty.

A) friends go
B) siblings go
C) grandparents went
D) parents went

Question 24

Family conflict and stress _____.

A) may contribute to an early onset of puberty
B) may contribute to a late onset of puberty
C) typically increases after the onset of puberty
D) typically decreases after the onset of puberty

Question 25

A school schedule that begins at _____ and ends at _____ would be the best fit for adolescent sleep patterns.

A) 8:00 a.m.; 3:10 p.m.
B) 6:00 a.m.; 1:10 p.m.
C) 7:00 a.m.; 2:10 p.m.
D) 9:00 a.m.; 4:10 p.m.

Question 26

Research indicates that female children who experienced a great deal of _____ while very young also experienced early puberty.

A) attention
B) stress
C) exercise
D) starvation

Question 27

Jill learned in health class that _____ is a hormone that is necessary for puberty.

A) estrogen
B) cortisol
C) lipid
D) leptin

Question 28

Peak fertility occurs _____ years after activated gonads produce mature ova and sperm.

A) 2-4
B) 4-6
C) 6-8
D) 8-10

Question 29

About _____ of the variation in age of puberty is determined by genes.

A) one-half
B) two-thirds
C) one-fourth
D) three-fourths

Question 30

While visiting an exhibit on seventeenth-century life, Hannah noticed that the adult clothing and shoes seemed to be quite small. The curator explained that current generations are taller than past generations due to _____.

A) secular trend
B) obesity
C) genetic predisposition
D) more exercise

Question 31

The average age of the onset of puberty has changed over time. Which of the following individuals is most likely to have started puberty at the latest age?

A) Louis, born in 1910
B) Allen, born in 1950
C) Rita, born in 1975
D) Ted, born in 1990

Question 32

Over the last two centuries, children have reached their adult height earlier and are taller than their ancestors. What is the official name of this phenomenon?

A) secular trend
B) evolution
C) genetic predisposition
D) generational trend

Question 33

Henry is an adolescent who experiences sleep deprivation, which makes him more likely to experience all of the following EXCEPT _____.

A) insomnia
B) self-awareness
C) mood disorders
D) nightmares

Question 34

Later high school start times have been associated with all of the following EXCEPT _____.

A) less adolescent depression
B) higher grades
C) less student absenteeism
D) decreased college attendance

Question 35

Evolutionary theory suggests that the relationship between childhood stress and onset of puberty exists to _____.

A) delay childbearing in strife-filled environments
B) encourage stressed youth to take more risks
C) insure that reproduction occurs early in stress-filled environments
D) ease the transition to adulthood for individuals who need to grow up fast

Question 36

The day-night cycle that occurs approximately every 24 hours is the _____.

A) biorhythm
B) night-day cycle
C) sleep cycle
D) circadian rhythm

Question 37

Which statement about the correlation between body fat and onset of puberty among females is correct?

A) There is no correlation between body fat and the onset of puberty among females.
B) There is a positive correlation between body fat and onset of puberty among females.
C) There is a negative correlation between body fat and the onset of puberty among females.
D) There is a correlation between body fat and the onset of puberty only among female adolescents who are Native American.

Question 38

Which hormone is high at the onset of puberty and affects appetite?

A) estrogen
B) cortisol
C) lipid
D) leptin

Question 39

Latisha experienced menarche when she was 8 years old. She experienced _____.

A) precocious puberty
B) abnormal hormonal fluctuations
C) preterm menarche
D) excessively high levels of androgens

Question 40

Since he entered puberty, Barry has been staying awake late at night and craving sleep in the mornings. His parents should realize that this _____.

A) means that he needs professional help
B) means that he is trying to avoid them
C) is due to changes in his brain
D) is due to hormonal shifts

Question 41

Garry is taking a weight-lifting class in high school. The weights he lifts should _____.

A) match his projected size for next year
B) cause him maximum exertion
C) match his size from the previous year
D) be doubled each week

Question 42

During puberty, the growth spurt sequence typically occurs in this order.

A) weight, height, muscles
B) weight, muscles, height
C) height, weight, muscles
D) muscles, height, weight

Question 43

Janet and Carlos are both experiencing a growth spurt. If they are typical adolescents, Janet will have _____ than Carlos.

A) a lower proportion of body fat
B) a higher proportion of body fat
C) more upper body muscle
D) narrower hips

Question 44

Which pair of nutrients is MOST likely to be lacking in the adolescent diet?

A) magnesium and B vitamins
B) iron and calcium
C) sodium and potassium
D) vitamins A and C

Question 45

Which of the following has NOT been associated with early maturation among girls?

A) more depression
B) low self-esteem
C) less alcohol use
D) poor body image

Question 46

One of the first signs of the growth spurt is _____.

A) lengthening of the torso
B) increased muscle mass
C) growth of arms and legs
D) growth of fingers and toes

Question 47

Some teenagers seem able to skate, play basketball, or dance for hours without rest. This increased endurance is best explained by _____.

A) increased hormone output
B) increased weight
C) better digestive processes
D) the growth of the heart and lungs

Question 48

William was an early-maturing boy in the 1930s. William would have been predicated to _____.

A) be aggressive as an adolescent
B) be a school leader as an adolescent
C) use alcohol as an adolescent
D) have an older romantic relationship partner

Question 49

Which change contributes to an adolescent's lessening susceptibility toward respiratory infections?

A) greater exposure to germs from increased social activity
B) the shrinkage of the lymphoid system
C) the increase in sex hormones
D) the growth spurt

Question 50

In the twenty-first century, early puberty positively correlates with _____.

A) girls choosing to date younger boys
B) girls entering into early, nurturing relationships
C) aggression and antisocial behavior in boys
D) boys becoming leaders in their schools

Question 51

What article of clothing is Xavier most likely to outgrow first when he experiences the adolescent growth spurt?

A) shirt
B) pants
C) belt
D) shoes

Question 52

Which two factors are crucial to the issue of diet deficiencies?

A) age and gender
B) age and cohort
C) gender and cohort
D) gender and ethnicity

Question 53

Which individual would be at the greatest risk for diet deficiencies?

A) Sam, who was born in 1950 and is 10 years old
B) Greg, who was born in 1960 and is 18 years old
C) Tim, who was born in 1990 and is 10 years old
D) George, who was born in 1990 and is 18 years old

Question 54

In 2011, only _____ percent of adolescents consumed the recommended three or more servings of vegetables daily.

A) 10
B) 15
C) 20
D) 25

Question 55

Sharon is concerned about deficiencies in her daughter Alana's diet. If Alana is a typical teen, Sharon should feed her _____.

A) potatoes to increase her starch
B) carrots to increase her vitamin A
C) orange juice to increase her vitamin C
D) spinach to increase her iron

Question 56

Adolescent acne is usually caused by _____.

A) changes in diet
B) changes in the lymphoid system
C) sexual frustration
D) an increase in skin oils and sweat

Question 57

One physical change that typically occurs during adolescence is that the child's _____.

A) lungs increase in weight by a factor of five
B) heart doubles in size
C) tonsils increase in size
D) skin becomes darker

Question 58

Ellie is 10 years old and well into puberty. She will probably experience _____.

A) welcome attention from boys her age
B) pride that she is ahead of her friends
C) teasing from boys her age
D) a better body image than her peers

Question 59

Statistically, which person is MOST likely to have the greatest health problems due to iron deficiency?

A) 16-year-old Marilyn, who is menstruating
B) 12-year-old Monica, who has not yet experienced menarche
C) 15-year-old Nathan, who exercises very little
D) 25-year-old Ben, who has three children

Question 60

During the adolescent growth spurt, what is the last part(s) of the body to grow?

A) limbs
B) torso
C) ears
D) feet

Question 61

Patty is 5 feet tall and weighs 87 pounds, yet when she looks in the mirror she thinks she is too fat. She does aerobics for two hours daily and eats very little. Patty appears to suffer from _____.

A) anorexia nervosa
B) puberty
C) anxiety
D) bulimia nervosa

Question 62

Mila told a friend that she doesn't like the way her legs look in her new volleyball uniform. She said she hates her figure, and expressed a desire to lose a lot of weight. From this discussion, you might think that Mila has a _____.

A) poor body image
B) dislike of sports
C) competitive nature
D) low social comparison

Question 63

The more successful therapy for eating disorders during adolescence appears to be _____.

A) individual therapy
B) family-based therapy
C) behavioral modification
D) systematic desensitization

Question 64

Which of the following individuals is most likely going to take dramatic risks in order to gain peer approval?

A) 5-year-old Evan
B) 10-year-old Alvin
C) 15-year-old Kevin
D) 20-year-old Bruce

Question 65

One reason adolescents' nutritional habits may be poor is _____.

A) lack of media attention to the importance of good nutrition
B) misunderstanding about what is and is not healthy food
C) altered taste buds due to hormonal surges
D) anxiety about their body image

Question 66

The recommended daily dose of calcium is _____ milligrams; most teens consume less than _____ milligrams per day.

A) 1,000; 300
B) 1,000; 500
C) 1,300; 800
D) 1,300; 500

Question 67

Many adolescents think carefully and answer correctly when responding to paper-and-pencil questions about hypothetical risk-taking situations, yet in the real world they engage in risky behavior. This is due in part to their _____.

A) genes
B) peers
C) formal operational thinking
D) intuitive thinking

Question 68

Adolescents are more likely than adults to choose to stay up all night, go through a day without eating, exercise in pain, or text while driving because of an immature _____.

A) limbic system
B) prefrontal cortex
C) amygdala
D) pituitary gland

Question 69

José enjoys sports, especially running. As an adolescent, he has the potential to become a star athlete. Which pair of influences will be MOST beneficial to him in reaching his full potential?

A) the development of his prefrontal cortex and the support of his peers
B) the encouragement of his family and the myelination of his sensory cortex
C) the development of his limbic system and the influence of male hormones
D) changes in myelination in his brain and the guidance of an experienced coach

Question 70

Unhappiness with one's physical appearance is a _____ phenomenon.

A) city
B) county
C) national
D) worldwide

Question 71

In adolescent brain development, myelination and maturation occur in sequence, proceeding from the _____.

A) cortex to the inner brain and from front to back
B) cortex to the inner brain and from back to front
C) inner brain to the cortex and from front to back
D) inner brain to the cortex and from back to front

Question 72

Josefina is obsessed with her weight. She sometimes eats a whole package of Oreos at once and then makes herself vomit. Josefina is of normal weight, but she constantly has heartburn. She MOST likely suffers from _____.

A) anorexia nervosa
B) degenerative organ disease
C) anxiety
D) bulimia nervosa

Question 73

Research indicates that a majority of adolescent girls in the United States are trying to _____.

A) gain weight
B) lose weight
C) lift weights
D) not focus on their appearance

Question 74

At what age does the brain become fully mature?

A) late teens
B) early twenties
C) early thirties
D) mid thirties

Question 75

Continued synaptic growth in the brain during adolescence can be associated with all of the following EXCEPT _____.

A) enhanced moral development
B) higher levels of social competence
C) increased cognitive rigidity
D) enhanced creativity

Question 76

According to research, which of the following strategies could be implemented in order to encourage adolescents to make better food choices?

A) increase prices of healthy foods
B) provide healthier selections in school vending machines
C) increase parental monitoring of food choices
D) put unhealthy foods in closer proximity to where students hang out

Question 77

Bulimia nervosa is clinically present in _____ percent of young women in the United States.

A) 1 to 3
B) 5 to 7
C) 8 to 10
D) 11 to 13

Question 78

Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with anorexia nervosa?

A) absence of menstruation
B) voluntary starvation
C) average weight
D) distorted body image

Question 79

Xavier, 16, invites a group of his high school friends to swim in a neighbor's pool late at night while that neighbor is away. They climb the fence and jump in, playing wildly and loudly in the water. Just a few minutes later, the police arrive. How does adolescent brain development help explain Xavier's poor decision making?

A) His limbic system is underdeveloped.
B) His prefrontal cortex is underdeveloped.
C) His amygdala is underdeveloped.
D) The regions regulating his emotions are underdeveloped.

Question 80

During adolescence, the _____ matures before the _____ in the brain.

A) prefrontal cortex; limbic system
B) limbic system; prefrontal cortex
C) prefrontal cortex; amygdala
D) cerebellum; amygdala