Deck 13: Seciton 4: Middle Childhood: Psychosocial Development

Question 1

Accumulated stresses over time, including minor ones, are more devastating than an isolated major stress.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

According to Freud, children between the ages of 6 and 11 experience the crisis of industry versus inferiority.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The self-concept of school-age children becomes more realistic and specific.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Active participation in a church can serve as a buffer for children living in stressful circumstances.

Question 5

The latency period is a time of suppressed emotional drives and submerged unconscious conflicts.

Question 6

As schoolchildren do social comparison, their self-esteem tends to suffer.

Question 7

A child's interpretation of events can mitigate the impact of stressful events.

Question 8

Environmental influences from different teachers and peer groups reflect one's nonshared influences.

Question 9

According to Erikson, children between the ages of 6 and 11 experience the crisis of industry versus inferiority.

Question 10

Moving to a "better neighborhood" during middle childhood helps children feel protected and stable at home.

Question 11

Family function refers to how a family cares for its members.

Question 12

In polygamous families, income per child is higher than in nuclear families.

Question 13

Children are less affected by shared environmental factors than by nonshared environmental factors.

Question 14

Research indicates that mothers who describe their child's personality in negative terms contribute to the child displaying more antisocial behavior years later.

Question 15

Resilience to stress is a stable or static trait describing a child's responses under adverse situations.

Question 16

About two-thirds of school-age children live with their nuclear family.

Question 17

How family members are genetically connected is part of the family structure.

Question 18

Deliberately modifying one's impulses and emotions is called resilience.

Question 19

Families do not need to provide opportunities for the development of peer relationships; it is best if those develop on their own, without any assistance from the family.

Question 20

Making a positive adaptation to significant adversity is one sign of resilience.

Question 21

Although there are currently many types of families, research indicates that children only thrive in a nuclear family environment.

Question 22

Adoptive families typically do not function well for children.

Question 23

All family functions are enhanced by adequate family income.

Question 24

A child who demonstrates positive adaptation in the face of stressors such as poverty and neglect is showing resilience and will always continue to show resilience.

Question 25

Aggressive-rejected children are the most likely to become bully-victims.

Question 26

In middle childhood, children tend to choose friends who share the same sex, race, and economic background.

Question 27

Relational aggression includes hitting and shoving other children.

Question 28

Family conflict harms children only when adults fight about child rearing.

Question 29

Throughout childhood, children who are kind, trustworthy, and cooperative are popular among their peers.

Question 30

Jimmy, who is 8-years-old, is more likely at this age to want to play with Sara than with another boy his age.

Question 31

Keeping secrets is part of the culture of children.

Question 32

Cyberbullying is not as detrimental as other kinds of bullying because it does not involve face-to-face contact and can easily be ignored.

Question 33

The culture of children generally mirrors adult values and embraces the racial and ethnic exclusions perpetuated by adults.

Question 34

Family income and conflict can interfere with family function in every structure, ethnic group, and nation.

Question 35

Peers reject most bullies in middle childhood.

Question 36

In middle childhood being accepted by the entire group is more important than having a close friend.

Question 37

Other children are often sympathetic toward bully-victims.

Question 38

Neglected children are ignored.

Question 39

Changing the school culture so that children don't admire the bullies is more effective at ending bullying than teaching better social skills to victims.

Question 40

Stepparent families tend to be wealthier than single-parent families.

Question 41

One of the three common values among 6- to 11-year-old children is to try to communicate to an adult what is happening when a peer does something wrong.

Question 42

Early adulthood is the prime time for moral development.

Question 43

The preconventional level of Kohlberg's theory of moral development is characterized by seeking pleasure and avoiding pain.

Question 44

Kohlberg based his theory of moral development on the work of Erikson.

Question 45

A person's reasoning level is the critical element in placing him or her within Kohlberg's stages.

Question 46

The conventional moral reasoning level in Kohlberg's moral reasoning system is characterized by following what parents, teachers, and peers do.

Question 47

During middle childhood, children's moral reasoning is usually at the third level of Kohlberg's theory.