Deck 12: Seciton 4: Middle Childhood: Cognitive Development

Question 1

Vygotsky believed instruction was crucial for cognitive development.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

A body of knowledge in a particular area that makes it easier to master new information in that area is referred to as knowledge foundation.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The ability to understand and use metaphors results from a level of cognitive development that is typically attained during middle childhood.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Control processes improve with age only.

Question 5

To retain information in working memory, individuals must merely be exposed to the information.

Question 6

Metacognition is thinking about thinking.

Question 7

Piaget called the cognition of middle childhood preconcrete operational thought.

Question 8

Dolly can count from 1 to 10 in order. This ability is due to the logical principle of conservation.

Question 9

During the school years, children learn up to 20 new words each day.

Question 10

According to Piaget, a child between the ages of 6 and 11 can apply logical principles to concrete situations (real, tangible, visible).

Question 11

The logical principle by which things are organized into groupings or categories is known as identity.

Question 12

Within Vygotsky's sociocultural framework, from childhood every experience teaches individuals something.

Question 13

Aaron made two lines of toys with trucks in one line and cars in another. Aaron was exhibiting classification.

Question 14

Long-term memory is large by the end of middle childhood.

Question 15

According to Vygotsky, a teacher can be an instructor to a 6-year-old child.

Question 16

The memory system in which signals are held for a split second is called sensory memory.

Question 17

Control processes include emotional regulation, selective attention, and metacognition.

Question 18

The part of the memory-processing system in which current, conscious mental activity occurs is known as long-term memory.

Question 19

The knowledge that things can be arranged in a logical order is the logical principle of seriation.

Question 20

The information-processing theory was inspired by the knowledge of how animals' brains function.

Question 21

In the United States, public schools that set their own standards, are licensed by the state, and receive funding from private money and sponsors are charter schools.

Question 22

School-age children are able to use logic about concrete things.

Question 23

More than 95 percent of the world's 7-year-olds are in school.

Question 24

The process by which children change from informal speech to proper speech when talking with teachers and most adults is known as changing codes.

Question 25

In the total immersion approach to bilingual education, social communication in both languages is encouraged.

Question 26

The PIRLS is the main international test of reading given to students.

Question 27

The hidden curriculum includes explicitly stated rules that influence aspects of learning.

Question 28

Everywhere in the world, children are taught to read, write, and do arithmetic.

Question 29

With respect to teacher expectations for academic success among children, teacher expectations are important.

Question 30

A school funded by tuition charges, endowments, and often religious or other nonprofit sponsors is a voucher school.

Question 31

Justino, a student from Brazil, is enrolled in an immersion class in the United States. This means that all instruction is conducted in English.

Question 32

Shelby spoke to her best friend using slang; when she turned to speak to her teacher, she used formal English. Shelby was demonstrating metacognition.

Question 33

A federally sponsored test in the United States is called the National Assessment of Educational Progress.

Question 34

The process of switching codes is limited to sentence and grammar usage.

Question 35

Approximately 1 in 10 children in the United States is home-schooled.

Question 36

Public subsidy for tuition payment at a non-public school is referred to as a private school.

Question 37

If Beth is taking the main international test of science and math she is taking the PIRLS.