Deck 1: Seciton 4: Introduction

Question 1

The cohort born between 1946 and 1964 is called the baby boom generation.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

A research question becomes a hypothesis when it is stated as a prediction that can be tested.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The term cohort refers to individuals born in the same geographical region and within the same social class.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The science of human development examines how, but not why, people change over time.

Question 5

Low socioeconomic status can shorten a person's life expectancy.

Question 6

Since starting school Sam had struggled with math. His teacher offered to help him with math after school. Now Sam does well on his math assignments. The example of Sam's teacher helping Sam with math to improve his math ability is an example of how nature can influence development.

Question 7

Nature is more important than nurture in how a trait or behavior is expressed.

Question 8

Culture refers to a system of shared beliefs, conventions, norms, behaviors, and expectations.

Question 9

The purpose of the scientific method is to conduct research that will only support researchers' hypotheses.

Question 10

Jenny learned to play the piano as a child and played very well until she was in late adolescence, when she stopped playing. In her 40s she decided to start to play the piano again. She quickly realized that she had lost most of her ability to play after decades of not playing so she took lessons again to relearn how to play piano. After several years of lessons she once again plays the piano very well. This example illustrates the multidirectional nature of development.

Question 11

Most periods of development are critical periods.

Question 12

If Dr. Hall conducts a study in the exact same way that Dr. Jeeves did but uses different participants than Dr. Jeeves, Dr. Hall is demonstrating replication.

Question 13

Within the context of Bronfenbrenner's ecological-systems approach, a person's immediate surroundings, such as family or peer group, are part of the macrosystems level.

Question 14

Today, developmental science studies mostly young children and adolescents.

Question 15

Individuals in the same cohort are exposed to the same values, events, technologies, and culture of the era.

Question 16

The influence of "nurture" begins at conception.

Question 17

The difference-equals-deficit error may lead people to believe that their nation or culture is better than others.

Question 18

Socioeconomic status is also called social class.

Question 19

Race and ethnicity are the same thing.

Question 20

The conclusions of a scientific study are based on whether the evidence supports or refutes the hypothesis.

Question 21

Scientists believe that race is genetic.

Question 22

Dr. Hide is a nutritionist, Dr. Sparrow is a sociologist, and Dr. Anderson is a psychologist. They meet to discuss the rising rates of obesity among children, adolescents, and adults. Each offers a different perspective for the increasing rates. This example illustrates how development is multidisciplinary.

Question 23

Friends Jill and Susan both experienced poverty as children. In addition, they were raised by single parents and went to a poor quality school. By the time they were in late adolescence Jill had dropped out of school and had two children. Susan, in contrast, was academically ranked number one in her graduating class and had a full academic scholarship to Harvard. This example illustrates the concept of differential sensitivity.

Question 24

In longitudinal research, the same people are measured at multiple assessment points over a period of time.

Question 25

When two variables are not connected, the correlation between them is zero.

Question 26

One problem with the data from surveys is that participants may not tell the truth.

Question 27

The term epigenetic refers to the effects of environmental forces on genetic expression.

Question 28

Although past research suggested that the development of depression could be caused by a number of different factors, research has now found that the development of depression is caused by only one factor: genes.

Question 29

Most research conducted on humans cannot begin without the approval of the Institutional Review Board.

Question 30

Dr. Tucker wanted to learn how aggression changed across development. He designed a study in which he assessed aggression among 100 3-year-olds and then re-assessed aggression among these individuals every three years until the participants were 21-year-olds. Dr. Tucker's research design was cross-sectional.

Question 31

A participant showed up to participate in Dr. Allen's research study. Dr. Allen failed to inform the participant that her participation was voluntary. Dr. Allen was being ethical in conducting the study, as sharing with the participant that research participation is voluntary is not part of informed consent.

Question 32

The purpose of a survey is to allow a researcher to collect data quickly from a large population.

Question 33

The main advantage of scientific observation as a research method is that it allows the scientist to determine cause and effect.

Question 34

According to the dynamic-systems approach, human development is a static process.

Question 35

Cohort-sequential research is a combination of a cross-sectional approach and a longitudinal approach.

Question 36

In an experiment, the group receiving the special treatment is referred to as the comparison group.