Deck 32: Sociological Perspectives on Race and Ethnicity

Question 1

A sociologist argues that the capitalist ruling class is willing to tolerate high rates of illegal immigration because these immigrants serve as a cheap labor pool.This sociologist is most likely to draw upon

A)the contact hypothesis.
B)the anomie theory of deviance.
C)exploitation theory.
D)labeling theory.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The belief that the U.S.was a "melting pot," which became very compelling in the first part of the twentieth century,suggested that the nation had an almost divine mission to produce

A)pluralism.
B)amalgamation.
C)segregation.
D)assimilation.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following has identified three functions that racially prejudiced beliefs have for the dominant group-one being that they provide a moral justification for maintaining an unequal society that routinely deprives a minority group of its rights and privileges?

A)Arnold Rose
B)Harry Edwards
C)Thomas Pettigrew
D)Manning Nash

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A farmer is called to help sandbag a levy that is about to flood his town.The farmer is stationed between two correctional center inmates who are required to assist in the flood-control efforts.As a result of this experience,the farmer has developed a newfound respect for inmates.This example would be consistent with which perspective?

A)functionalist perspective
B)conflict perspective
C)interactionist perspective
D)global perspective

Question 5

An approach to racism that emphasizes how racism keeps minorities in low-paying jobs,thereby supplying the capitalist ruling class with a pool of cheap labor,is based on the work of which classical theorist?

A)Émile Durkheim
B)Talcott Parsons
C)Karl Marx
D)Auguste Comte

Question 6

Acts of racial profiling are

A)always illegal.
B)often initiated by law enforcement officers.
C)generally opposed by the American public.
D)generally opposed by law enforcement officials.

Question 7

Which sociologist suggested that interracial coalitions would most likely reduce racial and ethnic stereotyping and prejudice?

A)Karl Marx
B)William Julius Wilson
C)Robert Blauner
D)Roscoe Cox

Question 8

Exploitation theory is a

A)Weberian theory that views racial subordination as benefiting society,because it creates a supply of cheap labor.
B)Parsonian theory that views ethnic subordination as a means of regulating social interactions between dominant and subordinate groups.
C)Spencerian theory that views ethnic subordination as a valuable means of social control.
D)Marxist theory that views racial subordination in the U.S.as a manifestation of the class system inherent in capitalism.

Question 9

A White male lawyer mentors a young female Latina lawyer.According to the contact hypothesis,this situation would

A)be likely to increase stereotypes rather than reduce them.
B)be likely to cause them to become less prejudiced.
C)encourage the White lawyer to engage in color-blind racism.
D)involve the operation of sexism as well as racism.

Question 10

Expulsion refers to the process of

A)combining a majority group and a minority group through intermarriage to form a new group.
B)expelling a group of people from a territory.
C)deliberately and systematically killing an entire people or the members of a nation.
D)forsaking a cultural identity in order to become part of a different culture.

Question 11

The practice of assuming that people who fit certain descriptions are likely to be engaged in illegal activities is referred to as

A)explanative prejudice.
B)racial profiling.
C)institutionalized stereotyping.
D)the contact hypothesis.

Question 12

Expulsion is illustrated by

A)France pushing out over 10,000 ethnic Roma.
B)the killing of large numbers of Native Americans by the U.S.government.
C)marriages between Whites and Native Americans,producing multiracial children.
D)None of these answers is correct.

Question 13

Recent Chinese immigrants to the U.S.often find jobs working in sweatshops in New York City's Chinatown,where they work 16 or more hours a day in the garment industry,earning less than minimum wage.The big businesses that hire these illegal and often uninformed immigrants illustrate

A)the contact hypothesis.
B)exploitation theory.
C)labeling theory.
D)a self-fulfilling prophecy.

Question 14

In Australia,when Aborigines become part of the dominant society but then refuse to acknowledge their darker-skinned grandparents on the street,they are practicing the process of

A)amalgamation.
B)labeling.
C)assimilation.
D)exploitation.

Question 15

In 1979,Vietnam expelled nearly one million ethnic ________,partly as a result of centuries of hostilities between the two countries.

A)Japanese
B)Chinese
C)Laotians
D)Koreans

Question 16

Genocide refers to the process of

A)combining a majority group and a minority group through intermarriage to form a new group.
B)expelling a group of people from a territory.
C)deliberately and systematically killing an entire people or the members of a nation.
D)forsaking a cultural identity in order to become part of a different culture.

Question 17

Amalgamation refers to the process of

A)combining a majority group and a minority group through intermarriage to form a new group.
B)expelling a group of people from a territory.
C)deliberately and systematically killing an entire people or the members of a nation.
D)forsaking a cultural identity in order to become part of a different culture.

Question 18

The contact hypothesis

A)is a Marxist theory that views racial subordination in the U.S.as a manifestation of the class system inherent in capitalism.
B)states that interracial contact between people of equal status will cause them to become less prejudiced and to abandon previous stereotypes.
C)was a theory that gave moral support to the continued existence of apartheid in South Africa.
D)is a Parsonian theory that views ethnic subordination as a means of regulating social interactions between dominant and subordinate groups.

Question 19

A Colombian woman and an Italian man,working together as members of a construction crew,overcome their initial prejudices and come to appreciate each other's talents and strengths.This is an example of

A)the self-fulfilling prophecy.
B)the contact hypothesis.
C)exploitation theory.
D)amalgamation.

Question 20

Which sociological perspective views the economic structure as a central factor in the exploitation of minority groups?

A)functionalist perspective
B)conflict perspective
C)interactionist perspective
D)global perspective

Question 21

Who among the following was is a prominent Black activist in South Africa who became that country's first Black president in 1994,in the first election in which Blacks in that country were permitted to vote?

A)J.Louw-Potgieter
B)Nelson Mandela
C)Martin Luther King Jr.
D)Desmond Tutu

Question 22

Compare and contrast the concepts of amalgamation,assimilation,segregation,and pluralism,and give examples to illustrate your answer.

Question 23

The former policy of the South African government that was designed to maintain the separation of Blacks and other non-Whites from the dominant Whites was known as

A)institutional discrimination.
B)apartheid.
C)afrocentricity.
D)White power.

Question 24

The Mexican people of today are the result of a gradual merging of generations of Spaniards and Indians.This is an example of

A)amalgamation.
B)pluralism.
C)segregation.
D)assimilation.

Question 25

The contact hypothesis suggests that if an African American boss and her Italian employee work together for several years in the same office,they will become more prejudiced toward one another.

Question 26

Which of the following equations represents assimilation?

A)A + B + C $\rightarrow$ A
B)A + B + C = A + B + C
C)A + B + C = D
D)None of these answers is correct.

Question 27

Which one of the following would NOT be an example of assimilation?

A)refusing to acknowledge darker-skinned grandparents on a public street
B)citizens of India who adopt British traditions and customs
C)a Muslim woman wearing her traditional headscarf while out shopping in her U.S.suburb
D)an Italian American family changing its name to one more easily found among White,Protestant families

Question 28

Which of the following countries exemplifies the modern pluralistic state?

A)United States
B)Japan
C)Switzerland
D)Egypt

Question 29

When a majority and minority group combine to form a new group it is known as amalgamation.

Question 30

Which of the following is an example of segregation?

A)Jews and Catholics marrying one another and producing children
B)interracial marriage
C)confining Japanese Americans to relocation camps during World War II
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 31

Segregation refers to the act of

A)deliberately and systematically killing the members of an ethnic,racial,or nationality group.
B)physically separating two groups,an action often imposed on a minority group by a dominant group.
C)combining a majority and a minority group through intermarriage.
D)denying opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice or for other arbitrary reasons.

Question 32

How do conflict theorists explain racial subordination? Is their theory sufficient to explain all forms of prejudice?

Question 33

Which of the following equations represents pluralism?

A)A + B + C $\rightarrow$ A
B)A + B + C $\rightarrow$ A + B + C
C)A + B + C $\rightarrow$ D
D)None of these answers is correct.

Question 34

Color-blind racism ignores White privilege.

Question 35

Pluralism in the U.S.is considered a(n)

A)social norm.
B)ideal more than a reality.
C)reality more than an ideal.
D)common socialized practice.

Question 36

Vladimir,a Russian immigrant to the U.S. ,insists that everyone call him "Joe," and he refuses to speak Russian even when in casual conversation with Russian-speaking neighbors.This is an example of

A)amalgamation.
B)pluralism.
C)the contact hypothesis.
D)assimilation.