Deck 14: The Self and Socialization Through the Life Course

Question 1

Allison is playing in a high school field hockey game and passes the ball to Erika,who appears to have a scoring opportunity.Allison's pass suggests that she is aware of her role as a member of a team and that she is now in which stage of development,according to George Herbert Mead?

A)the preparatory stage
B)the imitative stage
C)the play stage
D)the game stage

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Debbie attends her first day of school,and when she returns home,she "plays school" with her younger brother.As part of this play activity,Debbie duplicates all of the behaviors that were performed by her teacher during the day.According to George Herbert Mead,Debbie is in which stage of development?

A)the preparatory stage
B)the imitative stage
C)the play stage
D)the game stage

Answer 2

C

Question 3

According to George Herbert Mead's stages of the self,the preparatory stage occurs when

A)children imitate the people around them,particularly family members.
B)children become able to pretend to be other people.
C)children grasp not only their own social positions but also those of others around them.
D)we observe ourselves through the looking-glass self.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The process of mentally assuming the perspective of another,thereby enabling one to respond from that imagined viewpoint,is known as

A)role strain.
B)resocialization.
C)face-work.
D)role taking.

Question 5

According to the concept of the looking-glass self,development of one's self-identity based on misperceptions may lead to

A)an increase in self-esteem.
B)the sensorimotor stage of development.
C)destruction of the looking-glass self.
D)a negative self-identity.

Question 6

Your boss has just screamed at the work staff for poor sales growth and high absenteeism.Consequently,you decide that this would not be a good time to speak to the boss about a promotion.In this instance,you are effectively

A)demonstrating role taking.
B)playing the part of a significant other.
C)playing the part of a generalized other.
D)completing the preparatory stage of Mead's theory.

Question 7

The child of about eight or nine years of age begins to consider several tasks and relationships simultaneously.At this point in development,children grasp not only their own social positions but also those of others around them.Mead calls this stage the

A)preparatory stage.
B)play stage.
C)imitative stage.
D)game stage.

Question 8

In forming a sense of ourselves,we imagine how we appear to others and how others perceive us,and finally we develop a feeling about ourselves as a result of these impressions.This sociological approach to the development of a self represents the views of which sociological perspective?

A)functionalist perspective
B)conflict perspective
C)interactionist perspective
D)feminist perspective

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a symbol?

A)a hug
B)a Coca-Cola bottle
C)a frown
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 10

According to George Herbert Mead,during which stage of development does a child respond to numerous members of the social environment and grasp his or her distinctive social position?

A)the preparatory stage
B)the game stage
C)the play stage
D)the concrete operational stage

Question 11

Which term was used by George Herbert Mead to refer to a child's awareness of the attitudes,viewpoints,and expectations of society as a whole?

A)generalized other
B)significant other
C)impression management
D)symbolic other

Question 12

During which of Mead's stages of the self does a child begin to "become" a doctor,a parent,a superhero,or a ship captain?

A)the preparatory stage
B)the game stage
C)the play stage
D)the sensorimotor stage

Question 13

The self is the

A)distinct identity that sets us apart from others.
B)child's awareness of the attitudes,viewpoints,and expectations of society as a whole.
C)child's awareness of the attitudes,viewpoints,and expectations of the people who are most important in his or her life.
D)person's typical patterns of attitudes,needs,characteristics,and behavior.

Question 14

Gestures and words that form the basis of human communication are known as

A)folkways.
B)norms.
C)rites of passage.
D)symbols.

Question 15

Charles Horton Cooley is responsible for developing the concept of

A)impression management.
B)reverse socialization.
C)the looking-glass self.
D)the preparatory stage.

Question 16

Becky has a toy vacuum.She often pushes it around the living room.Becky is in the

A)preparatory stage.
B)game stage.
C)play stage.
D)concrete operational stage.

Question 17

Which of the following is the best example of a significant other?

A)a casual acquaintance
B)a clerk in a department store
C)a parent
D)someone you met at a party last night

Question 18

The looking-glass self is the

A)sum total of a person's conscious perception of his or her identity as distinct from others.
B)child's awareness of the attitudes,viewpoints,and expectations of society as a whole.
C)phrase used by Charles Horton Cooley to emphasize that the self is the product of our social interactions with others.
D)person's typical patterns of attitudes,needs,characteristics,and behavior.

Question 19

George Herbert Mead suggested that the self is

A)a static phenomenon.
B)continually developing and changing.
C)a replication quite similar to others.
D)a quality that one is "born in."

Question 20

The term significant others is

A)Charles Horton Cooley's term for a child's awareness of the attitudes,viewpoints,and expectations of society as a whole.
B)George Herbert Mead's term for altering the presentation of the self in order to create distinctive appearances and satisfy particular audiences.
C)George Herbert Mead's term for those individuals who are most important in the development of the self.
D)George Herbert Mead's term for the sum total of a person's conscious perception of his or her identity as distinct from others.

Question 21

A young girl decides that she wants to become an Olympic swimmer.She takes swimming lessons,joins her school's swimming team,reads magazine articles about champion swimmers,and goes to swimming meets at a nearby college.This is an example of

A)reverse socialization.
B)resocialization.
C)desocialization.
D)anticipatory socialization.

Question 22

A retirement party,a high-school graduation party,and a confirmation party are all examples of

A)role taking.
B)impression management.
C)rites of passage.
D)face-work.

Question 23

Which of the following is the definition of Erving Goffman's concept of "face-work"?

A)altering the presentation of self in order to create distinctive appearances and satisfy particular audiences
B)people's efforts to maintain a proper image and avoid embarrassment in public
C)institutions that regulate all aspects of a person's life
D)the variety of interactionism that utilizes theatrical concepts

Question 24

Bob is on his first date with Mary,whom he really likes.He tries to act in a manner that will cause her to like him,too,and to want to go out with him again.This is an example of

A)face-work.
B)impression management.
C)idealization of the other.
D)role taking.

Question 25

Rites of passage are

A)gestures,objects,and language that form the basis of human communication.
B)stressful periods of self-evaluation,often occurring between 35 and 50 years of age.
C)rituals marking the symbolic transition from one social position to another.
D)expectations regarding the proper behavior,attitudes,and activities of males and females.

Question 26

Which of the following statements about rites of passage is true?

A)The quinceañera ceremony among Hispanic girls is considered a rite of passage.
B)All segments of American society celebrate the arrival of adulthood with the same rites of passage.
C)People in all societies experience adolescence between the ages of 15 and 17.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 27

The statement "African American parents have learned that children as young as two years can absorb negative messages about Blacks in children's books,toys,and television shows" most likely supports the views of which sociological perspective?

A)functionalist perspective
B)conflict perspective
C)interactionist perspective
D)global perspective

Question 28

Early in life,a person learns to slant his or her presentation of the self in order to create distinctive appearances and satisfy particular audiences.This process is known as

A)impression management.
B)reverse socialization.
C)face-work.
D)anticipatory socialization.

Question 29

Which of the following is the third stage of Jean Piaget's cognitive theory of development?

A)the preoperational stage
B)the concrete operational stage
C)the formal operational stage
D)the sensorimotor stage

Question 30

Life-course theorists suggest socialization

A)stops after a person experiences a rite of passage.
B)continues through all stages of the life cycle.
C)is attributable solely to biological influences.
D)All of these answers are correct.

Question 31

Anticipatory socialization refers to

A)the process whereby people learn the attitudes,values,and actions appropriate to individuals as members of a culture.
B)processes of socialization in which a person "rehearses" for future positions,occupations,and social relationships.
C)the process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in one's life.
D)the process whereby people normally being socialized are at the same time socializing their socializers.

Question 32

Which of the following is considered a total institution?

A)a high school
B)a mental hospital
C)a Girl Scout troop
D)the New York Mets

Question 33

According to Jean Piaget's cognitive theory of development,the stage in which children begin to use words and symbols to distinguish objects and ideas is called the

A)sensorimotor stage.
B)preoperational stage.
C)concrete operational stage.
D)formal operational stage.

Question 34

Which child psychologist identified four stages in the development of a child's thought processes?

A)Sigmund Freud
B)Edward O.Wilson
C)Shirley Weitz
D)Jean Piaget

Question 35

A child spends a lot of time putting objects into his mouth and touching everything in sight.This child is probably in which stage of development,according to Jean Piaget?

A)concrete operational
B)sensorimotor
C)formal operational
D)preoperational

Question 36

A person leaves a singles' bar alone and later tells a friend,"There wasn't anyone interesting in the entire crowd." This is an example of

A)reverse socialization.
B)anticipatory socialization.
C)impression management.
D)face-work.

Question 37

Which social scientist believed that people are in constant conflict between their natural impulsive instincts and societal constraints?

A)Sigmund Freud
B)Harry Harlow
C)Charles Horton Cooley
D)George Herbert Mead

Question 38

The dramaturgical approach is

A)a view of social interaction in which people are seen as theatrical performers.
B)a framework developed by George Herbert Mead.
C)a phrase used to emphasize that the self is the product of our social interaction with others.
D)the process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in one's life.

Question 39

Which sociologist is associated with the concepts of the dramaturgical approach,impression management,and face-work?

A)Charles Horton Cooley
B)George Herbert Mead
C)Erving Goffman
D)Wilbert Moore

Question 40

Which of the following terms refers to the process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as part of a transition in one's life?

A)role divestment
B)resocialization
C)desocialization
D)anticipatory socialization

Question 41

Identify and describe a rite of passage in your culture.

Question 42

Individuality is often lost within total institutions.

Question 43

The methods of celebrating rites of passage can provide a means of dramatizing and validating changes in a person's status.

Question 44

Some of the most difficult socialization challenges and rites of passage occur in the later years of life.

Question 45

In the early 1900s,Charles Horton Cooley advanced the belief that we learn who we are by interacting with others.

Question 46

Describe George Herbert Mead's various stages of the self.Define the terms generalized others and significant others.

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of total institutions?

A)All aspects of life are conducted in the same place and are under the control of a single authority.
B)The authorities devise rules and schedule activities after consultation with the participants.
C)Any activities within the institution are conducted in the company of others in the same circumstances.
D)All aspects of life within a total institution are designed to fulfill the purpose of the organization.

Question 48

Describe how the functionalist,conflict,and interactionist perspectives view the role of socialization in creating a social self in society.

Question 49

The second stage of development in George Herbert Mead's model is the game stage.

Question 50

In total institutions,people are subjected to humiliating rituals known as

A)degradation ceremonies.
B)resocialization.
C)anticipatory socialization.
D)reverse socialization.

Question 51

The members of your nuclear family,your athletic coach,a teacher in a large lecture hall,and your best friend are all significant others.

Question 52

Explain the differences and similarities among socialization,resocialization,and anticipatory socialization.

Question 53

An inmate enters prison and is stripped of her clothing and advised that from this point on she will be referred to only by number.This is an example of

A)anticipatory socialization.
B)a rite of passage.
C)a degradation ceremony.
D)ascription.