Deck 2: The Development of Sociology

Question 1

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels said,"the history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles....The ________ have nothing to lose but their chains.They have a world to win.WORKING MEN OF ALL COUNTRIES,UNITE!"

A)bourgeoisie
B)proletarians
C)vulcans
D)middle classes

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Marx viewed the relationship between the capitalists and the exploited workers in systemic terms;that is,he believed that a system of ________ relationships maintained the power and dominance of the owners over the workers.

A)economic
B)social
C)political
D)economic,social,and political

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Early female sociologists such as Jane Addams were often active in poor urban areas as leaders of community centers known as

A)settlement houses.
B)communes.
C)collective homes.
D)utopian communities.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The word that Max Weber used to stress the need for sociologists to take into account people's emotions,thoughts,beliefs,understandings,and attitudes was

A)verstehen.
B)Gemeinschaft.
C)anomie.
D)Gesellschaft.

Question 5

Which sociologist translated the works of Auguste Comte into English and emphasized the impact of the economy,laws,trade,and population could have on contemporary social problems?

A)Émile Durkheim
B)Jane Addams
C)Harriet Martineau
D)Talcott Parsons

Question 6

Which early sociologist applied the concept of evolution to societies in order to explain how they change or evolve over time?

A)Émile Durkheim
B)Charles Darwin
C)Harriet Martineau
D)Herbert Spencer

Question 7

A sociologist studies drug-use patterns among small groups of college students in a Midwestern college.This would be an example of

A)conflict theory.
B)functionalism.
C)macrosociology.
D)microsociology.

Question 8

A sociology instructor asks students to make lists of the characteristics of the best and worst possible instructors.These lists,which would be used to evaluate all instructors,are an example of a(n)

A)typology.
B)ideal type.
C)verstehen.
D)hypothesis.

Question 9

What concept did DuBois develop to describe the experience of being Black in White America-a division of an individual's identity into two or more social realities?

A)double consciousness
B)racial fetishism
C)double rejection
D)bipolar racism

Question 10

Anomie refers to a

A)model that serves as a measuring rod against which actual cases can be evaluated.
B)loss of direction that is felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective.
C)classification scheme containing two or more categories.
D)type of suicide that is based on depression.

Question 11

In The Communist Manifesto,Marx argued that the working class must

A)ally with capitalists to build a better world.
B)try to work toward a return to feudalism.
C)overthrow the existing class system of capitalist societies.
D)ignore all aspects of class divisions.

Question 12

Although some of the early sociologists saw themselves as social reformers,by the middle of the 20^th century the focus of the discipline of sociology had shifted to

A)theorizing and gathering information.
B)a de-emphasis on the scientific method.
C)applied sociology.
D)advocacy of civil rights for minorities.

Question 13

In Karl Marx's analysis,society was fundamentally divided between

A)separate genders that clash in pursuit of their own interests.
B)economic classes that clash in pursuit of their own class interests.
C)different races that clash in pursuit of their own interests.
D)the religious and the nonreligious who clash in pursuit of their own interests.

Question 14

A sociologist interviews high-salaried corporate chief executive officers (CEOs)to discover whether they feel stress in their everyday lives as a result of the pressure to produce at an unrealistic level.This sociologist is employing

A)alienation.
B)anomie.
C)verstehen.
D)globalization techniques.

Question 15

An ideal type is a(n)

A)body of knowledge obtained by methods based on systematic observation.
B)construct or model that serves as a measuring rod against which actual cases can be evaluated.
C)detailed plan or method for obtaining data scientifically.
D)initiator of people's attitudes or behavior.

Question 16

Which of the following was a central focus for Charles Horton Cooley?

A)class issues
B)divorce
C)intimate face-to-face groups
D)suicide

Question 17

A study of divorce rates among the populations of Canada,England,the U.S. ,and France is an example of

A)alienation.
B)anomie.
C)microsociology.
D)macrosociology.

Question 18

The discipline of sociology was given its name by the French theorist

A)Émile Durkheim.
B)Auguste Comte.
C)Harriet Martineau.
D)Marcel Marceau.

Question 19

________ stresses the study of small groups and often uses experimental study in laboratories.

A)Microsociology
B)Macrosociology
C)Middle-range sociology
D)Conflict theory

Question 20

Sociological studies that focus on large-scale phenomena or entire civilizations are known as

A)microsociology.
B)interactionism.
C)macrosociology.
D)dramaturgy.

Question 21

Define the concepts social capital and cultural capital.Then,perform some reflexive thinking and list all the examples of social and cultural capital you possess so far.How does this differ from your friends? How about your classmates?

Question 22

Karl Marx saw the factory as the center of conflict between society's exploiters and its exploited masses.

Question 23

Which of the following would be an example of social capital?

A)an expert-level knowledge of fine wines
B)the pleasure derived from participating in social events
C)a thorough understanding of global politics
D)powerful family political connections

Question 24

Herbert Spencer suggested that sociologists should be highly critical of the status quo and should work actively for social change.

Question 25

Which of the following would be an example of cultural capital?

A)the reciprocal trust inherent in social networks
B)knowledge of great American authors
C)a close network of extended relatives
D)knowledge of Laotian cuisine