Deck 14: Senses

Question 1

If the nerves between the eyes and the ears were switched, stimulation of the mechanoreceptors in the ear would result in

A) hearing sounds.
B) seeing lights.
C) both hearing sounds and seeing lights.
D) deafness.
E) blindness.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What type of receptor is involved in reflex actions that maintain muscle tone and, thereby, the body's equilibrium and posture?

A) proprioceptors
B) cutaneous receptors
C) pain receptors
D) chemoreceptors
E) nociceptors

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The summing up of nerve signals by _____________________ is called __________________.

A) the reticular activating system, perception
B) the cerebral cortex, sensation
C) sensory receptors, sensation
D) the cerebral cortex, perception
E) sensory receptors, integration

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Order the steps involved in the activity of a muscle spindle: 1. Muscle spindle is stretched. 2. Reflex action occurs. 3. Contraction of muscle fibers adjoining the muscle spindle. 4. Nerve signals are generated. 5. The muscle relaxes. 6. The muscle's length increases.

A) 1,6,2,4,5,3
B) 2,3,1,4,5,6
C) 5,6,1,4,2,3
D) 2,1,6,3,4,5
E) 5,1,2,4,3,6

Question 5

Which of the following is not a type of cutaneous receptor?

A) Merkel disks
B) Meissner corpuscles
C) Krause end bulbs
D) Pacinian corpuscles
E) Golgi tendon organs

Question 6

Golgi tendon organs are a type of cutaneous receptor for touch.

Question 7

Where are thermoreceptors located?

A) aorta and vena cava
B) muscles, joints, and tendons
C) hypothalamus and skin
D) nasal cavity and tongue
E) semicircular canals of the ear

Question 8

When blood pressure increases, what type of sensory receptor detects this?

A) an exteroceptor called a chemoreceptor
B) an exteroceptor called a osmoreceptor
C) an exteroceptor called a nociceptor
D) an interoceptor called a baroreceptor
E) an interoceptor called a chemoreceptor

Question 9

All sensory receptors initiate nerve signals.

Question 10

When you entered the room, there was a faint smell of smoke, but after about an hour, you no longer noticed the smell. What happened?

A) sensory reception
B) sensory adaptation
C) mechanoreception
D) nociception
E) thermoreception

Question 11

Cold receptors are free nerve endings while Merkel disks are the receptors for warmth.

Question 12

Sensory receptors of the skin are very distinct--each one has its own function.

Question 13

Taste and smell are similar in that both respond to some sort of pressure.

Question 14

Taste cells and the carotid bodies are alike in that both

A) are chemoreceptors.
B) are found in the mouth.
C) utilize pressure to activate sensory receptors.
D) respond to distant stimuli.
E) respond to changes in pH.

Question 15

Which part of the brain is involved in sensory adaptation?

A) ventricles
B) cerebellum
C) medulla oblongata
D) pons
E) thalamus

Question 16

Why does a heart attack radiate pain in the left shoulder and arm?

A) The left shoulder and arm are the first to lose their blood supply and begin to hurt.
B) Sometimes, stimulation of internal pain receptors is felt as pain from the skin.
C) The nerves that innervate the heart go through the left shoulder and arm before going to the spinal cord.
D) Damage to the heart muscle results in a flood of inflammatory products carried by the blood stream to the left shoulder and arm first.
E) The heart will close off the blood supply to the arteries that supply the left arm, leading to the pain.

Question 17

What type of exteroceptors are located in the ear?

A) mechanoreceptors
B) chemoreceptors
C) photoreceptors
D) thermoreceptors
E) none of these

Question 18

Nociceptors are a type of chemoreceptor.

Question 19

Which of the following cutaneous receptor is mismatched with its function?

A) Pacinian corpuscles, fine touch
B) Meissner corpuscles, fine touch
C) Krause end bulbs, fine touch
D) Ruffini endings, pressure
E) free nerve endings, temperature

Question 20

Nociceptors are sensitive to mechanical, thermal, or electrical stimuli, or toxic substances.

Question 21

The rod and cone cells are located within which layer of the eye?

A) sclera
B) choroid
C) retina
D) lens
E) iris

Question 22

As you try to focus on a far away object, the lens of the eye becomes round and thick.

Question 23

Papillae occur along the walls of the taste buds on the tongue.

Question 24

Which layer of the eye contains an extensive blood supply?

A) sclera
B) choroid
C) retina
D) lens
E) cornea

Question 25

What controls the shape of the lens?

A) ciliary muscle
B) cornea
C) iris
D) pupil
E) fovea centralis

Question 26

In what way are the senses of taste and smell different?

A) Taste buds are modified neurons and olfactory cells contain a pore with supporting cells and elongated cells.
B) Taste buds contain cilia while olfactory cells contain microvilli.
C) Taste depends on a "weighted average" of all the taste messages while smell depends on the signature of olfactory cells stimulated.
D) There are hundreds of different tastes while only 5 different smell families.
E) The sensation of taste occurs in the spinal cord while the sensation of smell occurs in the cerebral cortex.

Question 27

Which of the following is not a layer or coat of the eye?

A) sclera
B) choroid
C) retina
D) aqueous humor
E) collagen fibers

Question 28

Nerve signals from taste buds go primarily to the __________ while those for olfactory cells go primarily to the ___________.

A) hypothalamus, thalamus
B) thalamus, hypothalamus
C) temporal lobe, parietal lobe
D) spinal cord, cerebral cortex
E) parietal lobe, temporal lobe

Question 29

Memories are often elicited by smell.

Question 30

The receptor proteins for odor molecules are actually located on cilia.

Question 31

It is just a myth that eating carrots will improve your night vision.

Question 32

Taste buds

A) are located on the tongue, hard palate, pharynx, and epiglottis.
B) are responsible for 100% of what we perceive as "taste."
C) respond to over 100 different types of taste.
D) are actually naked nerve endings.
E) have a direct connection with the limbic system and its centers for emotion and memory.

Question 33

The type of taste called umami allows us to enjoy what type of flavor?

A) sweet
B) savory
C) sour
D) salty
E) bitter

Question 34

What is the correct order of cells within the retina starting in the posterior compartment and ending in the choroid?

A) rod and cone cell layer, bipolar cell layer, ganglion cell layer
B) sclera, rod and cone cell layer, ganglion cell layer
C) bipolar cell layer, rod and cone cell layer, sclera
D) ganglion cell layer, bipolar cell layer, rod and cone cell layer
E) ganglion cell layer, rod and cone cell layer, sclera

Question 35

Which of the following structures of the eye does not touch the lens?

A) cornea
B) suspensory ligaments
C) aqueous humor
D) vitreous humor
E) pupil

Question 36

One third of the cerebral cortex takes part in processing visual information.

Question 37

Which of the following statements is not true concerning olfactory cells?

A) Olfactory cells are located in the roof of the nasal cavity.
B) Olfactory cells are modified neurons.
C) Each olfactory cell has only one out of several hundred different types of receptor proteins.
D) Each olfactory cell has its own individual neuron leading to the olfactory bulb.
E) Olfactory cells end in a tuft of about five cilia.

Question 38

There are many more olfactory cells than there are taste buds.

Question 39

Which of the following statements is not true concerning rod and cone cells?

A) Both have an outer segment jointed to an inner segment by a short stalk. B. Both contain a deep purple pigment called rhodopsin.
C) Both have pigment molecules embedded in the membrane of the outer segment.
D) Both contain retinal, a derivative of vitamin A.
E) Both have synaptic vesicles at the synaptic endings of the inner segment.

Question 40

When the ciliary muscle is relaxed, the suspensory ligament is

A) taut and the lens is flattened.
B) relaxed and the lens is flattened.
C) taut and the lens is rounded.
D) relaxed and the lens is rounded.
E) taut and the lens is oval.

Question 41

Which of the following is involved in rotational equilibrium?

A) otoliths
B) saccule
C) utricle
D) ampulla
E) kinocilium

Question 42

The brain receives input from the proprioceptors, the eyes, and the vestibular nerve to help maintain our equilibrium.

Question 43

Nearsighted people cannot see objects that are close.

Question 44

In farsightedness,

A) the cornea is uneven.
B) rays do not focus evenly.
C) rays focus in front of the retina.
D) the eyeball is shorter than normal.
E) a concave lens corrects vision.

Question 45

The louder a pitch, the more the basilar membrane vibrates.

Question 46

Which of the following is not involved in gravitational equilibrium?

A) vestibular nerve
B) saccule
C) utricle
D) otoliths
E) cupula

Question 47

Which of the following is found within the cochlea?

A) stapes
B) spiral organ
C) tympanic membrane
D) semicircular canals
E) incus

Question 48

Which receptors are associated with the sense of equilibrium?

A) mechanoreceptors
B) chemoreceptors
C) photoreceptors
D) thermoreceptors
E) nociceptors

Question 49

Rotational and gravitational equilibrium both involve all of the following except

A) stereocilia.
B) hair cells.
C) calcium carbonate granules.
D) a gelatinous substance within a chamber.
E) the vestibular nerve.

Question 50

Which of the following is part of the middle ear?

A) pinna
B) auditory canal
C) malleus
D) cochlea
E) semicircular canals

Question 51

All of the parts of the inner ear are concerned with equilibrium.

Question 52

What structures, in order, are responsible for hearing, starting with a sound wave?

A) auditory canal, tympanic membrane, malleus, incus, stapes, oval window, cochlea
B) cochlea, tympanic membrane, auditory canal, malleus, incus, stapes, oval window
C) tympanic membrane, incus, stapes, malleus, oval window, cochlea, auditory canal
D) auditory canal, oval window, stapes, incus, malleus, tympanic membrane, cochlea
E) tympanic membrane, malleus, incus, stapes, auditory canal, cochlea, oval window

Question 53

The receptors involved in our sense of equilibrium are

A) mechanoreceptors.
B) chemoreceptors.
C) nociceptors.
D) thermoreceptors.
E) pain receptors.

Question 54

How can you tell the difference between the sound of a tuba and that of a flute?

A) Each part of the spiral organ is sensitive to different wave frequencies.
B) The brain interprets pitches based on the strength of the sound waves.
C) Lower pitches cause the tympanic membrane to vibrate while higher pitches vibrate the vestibular canal.
D) Lower pitches activate all three bones of the middle ear, while higher pitches only activate one or two.
E) The cochlear nerve fires more frequently for higher pitches and less frequently for lower pitches.

Question 55

Hearing actually results from the bending of stereocilia.

Question 56

Many rod cells share one bipolar cell but cone cells do not. Certain cone cells synapse with only one ganglion cell. What are the consequences of this arrangement?

A) Rod cells distinguish color better than cone cells.
B) Cone cells are better up close, while rod cells are better far away.
C) Rod cells are better up close, while cone cells are better far away.
D) Rod cells distinguish more detail than cone cells.
E) Cone cells distinguish more detail than rod cells.

Question 57

Mechanoreceptors located in the auditory tubes are responsible for determining rotational equilibrium.

Question 58

If stereocilia move toward the kinocilium, which of the following occurs?

A) Nerve impulses increase in the vestibular nerve.
B) The cupula begins to move in the same direction.
C) Fluid within the semicircular canal flows over and displaces the cupula.
D) The otoliths in the utricle return to their resting position.
E) The data is sent to the medulla oblongata for processing.

Question 59

Which of the following is a genetic mutation that affects males more than females?

A) astigmatism
B) farsightedness
C) nearsightedness
D) red green color blindness
E) blindness

Question 60

If you get seasick, the rotational equilibrium pathway is confused.

Question 61

Which structure is associated with the outer ear?

A) auditory canal
B) tympanic membrane
C) round ear
D) semicircular canals
E) cochlea

Question 62

Which structure in the eye plays a role in accommodation by holding the lens in place?

A) ciliary body
B) pupil
C) sclera
D) lens
E) optic nerve

Question 63

Which type of sensory receptor responds to chemicals?

A) taste cells
B) rod and cone cells in the retina
C) hair cells in the spiral organ of the inner ear
D) hair cells in the semicircular canal of the inner ear
E) hair cells in the vestibule of the inner ear

Question 64

Describe the steps involved in the action of a muscle spindle.

Question 65

Proprioceptors are classified as which type of receptor?

A) mechanoreceptors
B) cutaneous receptor
C) nociceptor
D) photoreceptor
E) chemoreceptor

Question 66

Which region of the brain contains the olfactory cortex?

A) temporal lobe
B) frontal lobe
C) parietal lobe
D) brain stem
E) pons

Question 67

What do nociceptors detect?

A) stimuli of pain
B) stimuli of smell
C) stimuli of touch
D) stimuli of pressure
E) stimuli of taste

Question 68

What percentage of what we perceive as taste is due to smell?

A) 80 - 90%
B) 100%
C) 40 - 50%
D) 10 - 20%
E) 0%

Question 69

List in order the structures that are responsible for hearing, starting with the external structures and moving toward the brain.

Question 70

List the four categories of sensory receptors and describe what they respond to.

Question 71

Which disorder of the eye is due to the cornea or lens being uneven resulting in a fuzzy image?

A) astigmatism
B) glaucoma
C) color blindness
D) nearsightedness
E) farsightedness

Question 72

Gravitational equilibrium is responsible for detecting up and down movements of the head.

Question 73

Which structure in the eye refracts and focuses light rays?

A) lens
B) humors
C) cone cells
D) retina
E) pupil

Question 74

Which disorder of the eye is due to an accumulation of aqueous humor?

A) glaucoma
B) color blindness
C) nearsightedness
D) farsightedness
E) astigmatism

Question 75

The utricle is especially sensitive to what type of movements?

A) back and forth
B) up and down
C) standing upside
D) spinning around
E) bending over