Deck 9: Digestive System and Nutrition

Question 1

The broad band of loose connective tissue beneath the mucosa that contains blood vessels, lymph, and nerves is called the

A) mucosa.
B) submucosa.
C) muscularis.
D) serosa.
E) diverticulosis.

Answer 1

B.

Question 2

Which accessory organ of the digestive system processes and stores nutrients, as well as produces bile for emulsification?

A) liver
B) gallbladder
C) pancreas
D) stomach
E) small intestine

Answer 2

A.

Question 3

Dental caries are caused by

A) bacteria within the mouth metabolizing fatty acids.
B) yeast within the mouth metabolizing fatty acids.
C) bacteria within the mouth metabolizing proteins.
D) bacteria within the mouth metabolizing sugar.
E) enzymes within the mouth metabolizing sugar.

Answer 3

D.

Question 4

Explain the process of swallowing.

Question 5

Which of the following is not considered an accessory organ of the digestive system?

A) liver
B) salivary glands
C) small intestine
D) pancreas
E) gallbladder

Question 6

Today, physicians and dentists are concerned that gum disease is linked to _____.

A) neurological disorders
B) peritonitis
C) vitamin deficiencies
D) cardiovascular disease
E) asthma

Question 7

Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?

A) to ingest food
B) to digest food into small nutrients so that the molecules can pass through membranes
C) to absorb nutrient molecules
D) to eliminate indigestible remains
E) to deliver oxygen to the body's tissues

Question 8

Smooth muscles in the stomach are capable of mechanical digestion.

Question 9

List the layers of the gastrointestinal tract wall, starting with the outer layer and moving inward.

Question 10

If your appendix bursts, it may lead to a life-threatening condition called

A) peritonitis.
B) diverticulitis.
C) rickets.
D) osteoporosis.
E) cirrhosis.

Question 11

What prevents food from entering the nasal cavities?

A) the tonsils
B) the mandible and maxilla
C) the hard and soft palates
D) the cheeks
E) the salivary glands

Question 12

The process of mechanical digestion includes

A) the breakdown of food particles by enzymes.
B) physically making food smaller and easier to handle.
C) the churning of food in the muscular stomach.
D) the hydrolysis of nutrients.
E) both B and C

Question 13

What is the correct order of the components of the digestive tract?

A) mouth, esophagus, pharynx, small intestine, stomach, large intestine, rectum, anus
B) mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, rectum, anus
C) mouth, pharynx, stomach, esophagus, small intestine, rectum, large intestine, anus
D) mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus
E) mouth, rectum, large intestine, small intestine, stomach, esophagus, pharynx, anus

Question 14

The layers of the gastrointestinal tract wall from the inside layer outward in order are

A) submucosa, muscularis, mucosa, serosa.
B) serosa, submucosa, muscularis, mucosa.
C) mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa.
D) muscularis, serosa, mucosa, submucosa.
E) mucosa, muscularis, serosa, submucosa.

Question 15

Swallowing consists of both a voluntary phase and a reflex action.

Question 16

Mr. Staub was rushed to the hospital because he had intense pain in his chest. After running tests on Mr. Staub, doctors determined that he was not suffering from a heart attack but from

A) diverticulitis.
B) gastroesophageal reflux disease.
C) gingivitis.
D) periodontitis.
E) irritable bowel syndrome.

Question 17

Which of the following is not found in/on the tongue?

A) muscle
B) dentin
C) taste buds
D) mucous membrane
E) sensory receptors

Question 18

All of the accessory organs of the digestive system send secretions to the small intestine.

Question 19

What enzyme initiates the process of starch digestion in the mouth?

A) salivary lipase
B) salivary protease
C) salivary sucrase
D) salivary amylase
E) salivary lactase

Question 20

The fleshy extension of the soft palate is known as the

A) epiglottis.
B) uvula.
C) pharynx.
D) adenoid.
E) cecum.

Question 21

What serves as an emulsifying agent for fats in the small intestine?

A) lipase
B) bile
C) amylase
D) pepsin
E) maltase

Question 22

When Sheree opens the abdominal cavity of her preserved frog, the first thing she notices is a large, prominent, dark brown organ. This is the

A) liver.
B) pancreas.
C) gallbladder.
D) stomach.
E) large intestine.

Question 23

List the functions of the liver.

Question 24

The thick, soupy liquid of partially digested food that leaves the stomach is called

A) bolus.
B) pepsin.
C) chyme.
D) lacteal.
E) lipase.

Question 25

Why is the pancreas both an endocrine and an exocrine gland?

A) It secretes bile through the pancreatic duct and insulin into the blood.
B) It secretes insulin through the pancreatic duct and bile into the blood.
C) It secretes secretin through the pancreatic duct and insulin into the blood.
D) It secretes pancreatic juice through the pancreatic duct and insulin into the blood.
E) It secretes insulin through the pancreatic duct and secretin into the blood.

Question 26

The main symptoms of lactose intolerance are

A) internal bleeding and headaches.
B) dehydration and itching.
C) diarrhea and itching.
D) diarrhea and bloating.
E) shortness of breath and bloating.

Question 27

Which of the enzyme-substrate pairings is not correct?

A) nuclease-DNA
B) lipase-fat
C) pepsin-protein
D) amylase-starch
E) trypsin-carbohydrates

Question 28

The primary function of the stomach is to

A) break down fats.
B) store food, churn, and begin digestion.
C) absorb major nutrients.
D) package feces.
E) eliminate water and tissue fluid.

Question 29

The stomach is bounded on both ends by a sphincter.

Question 30

The small intestine is longer than the large intestine.

Question 31

Muscles that encircle tubes and act as circular valves are called

A) frenula.
B) sphincters.
C) cannula.
D) anastomoses.
E) buccinators.

Question 32

What greatly increases the capacity of the stomach?

A) crypts
B) lumens
C) polyps
D) rugae
E) diverticula

Question 33

Which of the following is not produced by the pancreas?

A) bile
B) sodium bicarbonate
C) amylase
D) trypsin
E) lipase

Question 34

Which of the following is not a function of the liver?

A) It helps regulate blood cholesterol levels.
B) It secretes digestive enzymes into the small intestine.
C) It removes iron and certain vitamins from the blood and stores them.
D) It removes poisonous substances from the blood and detoxifies them.
E) It produces bile.

Question 35

The process that pushes food through the esophagus is called

A) peritoneum.
B) periosteum.
C) peristalsis.
D) perineum.
E) periodontal.

Question 36

Pepsin is an enzyme that digests proteins at acidic pH. Therefore, it must act in the

A) stomach.
B) small intestine.
C) mouth.
D) large intestine.
E) esophagus.

Question 37

Which of the following is not associated with the stomach?

A) alcohol absorption
B) gastric glands
C) rugae
D) duodenum
E) pepsin

Question 38

The small lymphatic capillaries that reside in the small intestine and absorb fats are known as

A) mesenteries.
B) lacteals.
C) gastric glands.
D) duodenal pits.
E) microvilli.

Question 39

Which of the following is not associated with the small intestine?

A) many villi
B) gastric pits
C) brush border enzymes
D) lacteals
E) bile and lipase

Question 40

The glottis closes off the larynx so the bolus of food enters the esophagus and not the trachea.

Question 41

The stomach produces a hormone that feeds back and acts on the stomach.

Question 42

A serious genetic disorder known as hemochromatosis is often called the rusty organ disease and affects nearly 1.5 million Americans. The disorder causes increased absorption of intestinal iron. Which organ is responsible for iron homeostasis?

A) brain
B) lungs
C) liver
D) gallbladder
E) spleen

Question 43

Today, obesity is often defined as having a body mass index BMI) of 20 or greater.

Question 44

The portions of the large intestine include

A) the duodenum, cecum, and rectum.
B) the jejunum, colon, and anus.
C) the cecum, colon, rectum, and anus.
D) the colon, duodenum, cecum, and rectum.
E) the colon, anus, duodenum, and jejunum.

Question 45

Chad was concerned about eating foods with a high glycemic index because these foods

A) can cause LDL levels to increase.
B) can cause HDL levels to decrease.
C) can cause fatty acids to build up.
D) can cause a rapid increase in blood glucose.
E) can cause a sudden drop in blood glucose levels.

Question 46

Recent studies of an oyster-rich bay indicated a high coliform count. What should the fisheries'officers do?

A) Nothing. A high coliform count is normal.
B) Nothing. A high coliform count is good for oyster production.
C) Shut down the bay. A high coliform count is harmful to humans who eat the oysters.
D) Shut down the bay. A high coliform count is harmful to the oysters.
E) Nothing. A high coliform count is beneficial to humans who eat the oysters.

Question 47

The gallbladder produces bile.

Question 48

Constipation can be treated by adding fiber to the diet.

Question 49

What is the major function of the colon?

A) to digest/absorb
B) to form feces
C) to churn food
D) to serve as a passageway only
E) to eliminate iron

Question 50

The secretions of digestive juices are controlled by the nervous system, as well as by digestive hormones.

Question 51

Which of the following will not reduce dietary lipids?

A) removing skin from poultry
B) broiling rather than frying
C) cooking with butter instead of herbs and spices
D) using lemon juice instead of salad dressing
E) avoiding packaged foods that contain hydrogenated fats

Question 52

What is one benefit of normal flora in the large intestine?

A) They absorb iron.
B) They absorb fats.
C) They produce vitamin B.
D) They produce bile.
E) They absorb water.

Question 53

What is the relationship between Crohn's disease and inflammatory bowel disease?

A) Crohn's disease is one of the most common inflammatory bowel diseases.
B) Inflammatory bowel disease is a type of Crohn's disease.
C) They are two separate diseases, but both affect only the colon.
D) Crohn's disease affects the colon, but inflammatory bowel disease affects the small intestine.
E) In Crohn's disease, small pouches form in the muscularis, while in inflammatory bowel disease, inflammation occurs throughout the digestive tract.

Question 54

Small growths arising from the epithelial lining of the colon are called

A) cysts.
B) villi.
C) polyps.
D) lacteals.
E) wheals.

Question 55

What type of hepatitis is usually transmitted through blood transfusions or sexual contact?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 56

Why is it necessary to include some carbohydrates in the diet?

A) Carbohydrates are considered a "complete" nutrient.
B) Some carbohydrates contain essential fatty acids.
C) Some carbohydrates contain essential amino acids.
D) Carbohydrates are the only source of energy for the body.
E) The carbohydrate cellulose fiber) is essential for good health.

Question 57

Why is bile a yellowish-green color?

A) It contains pancreatic juices.
B) It contains bilirubin.
C) It contains biliverdin.
D) It contains chlorophyll.
E) It contains cholesterol.

Question 58

Body mass index BMI) is useful because it gives you an idea of how much of your weight is due to adipose tissue.

Question 59

Which of the following is a digestive hormone that causes the gallbladder to release stored bile?

A) GIP
B) CCK
C) HCl
D) ATP
E) NAD

Question 60

According to the body mass index BMI) chart, a healthy BMI is

A) between 18.5 and 24.9.
B) between 25 and 29.9.
C) 30 or higher.
D) 40 or higher.
E) 50 or higher.

Question 61

When a nutrition label says a food product has 0 grams of trans fat, this might not mean there are no trans fats in the food.

Question 62

Which of the following is necessary for strong bones and teeth, nerve conduction, muscle contraction, and blood clotting?

A) calcium
B) iron
C) magnesium
D) sodium
E) sulfur

Question 63

Which vitamin is fat soluble?

A) vitamin C
B) vitamin E
C) vitamin B₆
D) vitamin B₁₂
E) biotin

Question 64

About 90% of people suffering from anorexia nervosa are

A) young men.
B) older women.
C) young women.
D) older men.
E) senior citizens.

Question 65

A deficiency in which mineral leads to thyroid deficiency?

A) iodine
B) copper
C) zinc
D) selenium
E) manganese

Question 66

A diet rich in which vitamins may reduce the risk of free radicals that can cause health problems?

A) C and B₁₂
B) C, E, and A
C) D and C
D) D, C, and E
E) B₁₂, C, and E