Deck 13: Mental Health Disorders

Question 1

A person who has anorexia nervosa and does not eat to the extent that most people do specifically fits the ____ criteria for distinguishing normal from abnormal behavior.

A) distress
B) not typical or culturally expected
C) dysfunction
D) level of impairment

Answer 1

not typical or culturally expected

Question 2

The concept of "not typical or culturally expected" in relation to distinguishing normal from abnormal behavior includes ____.

A) both the instance of someone doing something that most others do not do and not doing something that most people do
B) only the instance of someone doing something that most others do not do
C) only the instance of someone not doing something that most others do
D) only the instance of someone doing something that involves personal distress

Answer 2

both the instance of someone doing something that most others do not do and not doing something that most people do

Question 3

In the United States, men have a higher lifetime prevalence of ____ compared to women.

A) antisocial personality disorder
B) major depression
C) anxiety disorders
D) any mental health disorder

Answer 3

antisocial personality disorder

Question 4

Which of the following is TRUE about how the rates of mental health disorders compare for adult men and women in the United States?

A) Men are more likely than women to have experienced a serious mental health disorder in the last year.
B) There is little overall gender difference in the lifetime risk for a mental health disorder.
C) Men and women show no differences in the types of mental health disorders they experience.
D) Women have a lower estimated lifetime prevalence rate for anxiety disorders compared to men.

Question 5

Which criterion is especially problematic for psychologists when distinguishing normal from abnormal behavior?

A) Inability to function
B) Level of impairment
C) Violation of social and cultural norms
D) Personal distress

Question 6

Simone has been diagnosed with elective mutism-she chooses not to speak at all. Simone's behavior may be considered abnormal according to which criterion?

A) Personal distress
B) Not typical or culturally expected
C) Unconscious thought
D) Distorted perception

Question 7

According to the idea that behavior is disordered if it is not typical or culturally expected, a person who does something that other people very rarely do would be considered ____.

A) compulsive
B) normal
C) abnormal
D) obsessive

Question 8

Stephanie has been expelled from several schools and can't maintain any friendships. Stephanie's psychologist believes that Stephanie is abnormal probably based on which criterion?

A) Personal distress
B) Disordered perception
C) Inability to function
D) Violation of social norms

Question 9

John exhibits a degree of introversion that is somewhat extreme, but it does not appear to cause him any distress or interfere with his ability to function. Based on this information, a psychologist would probably ____.

A) not classify John as abnormal
B) classify John as abnormal
C) suggest that John would benefit from medication, but not therapy
D) suggest that John would benefit from therapy, but not medication

Question 10

Based on the prevalence estimates of mental health disorders, it is likely that ____ of female adults in the United States will have a diagnosable mental disorder in a given year.

A) more than one-fifth
B) nearly half
C) more than three-quarters
D) nearly 100%

Question 11

The perspective of abnormal behavior that emphasizes the effect of thinking, expectations, and mental assumptions is the ____ perspective.

A) sociocultural
B) psychoanalytic
C) humanistic
D) cognitive

Question 12

The concept of a mental health disorder as a disease of the body or brain is consistent with which view of abnormal behavior?

A) Biological
B) Cognitive
C) Sociocultural
D) Psychological

Question 13

Suicide is the ____ cause of death for 15- to 34-year-olds in the United States.

A) highest
B) second-leading
C) third-leading
D) tenth-leading

Question 14

Dr. Frank is a therapist who believes that psychological disorders can be caused by neurotransmitter imbalances in the brain. Dr. Frank takes which perspective on human behavior?

A) Cognitive
B) Biological
C) Psychoanalytic
D) Social learning

Question 15

The fact that homosexuality was once on the American Psychiatric Association list of psychological disorders and now is not on the list specifically illustrates the variability of the ____ criterion for distinguishing between normal and abnormal behavior.

A) distress
B) dysfunction
C) violation of social and cultural norms
D) level of impairment

Question 16

The medical model originated with the ____ perspective of abnormal behavior.

A) psychological
B) cognitive
C) sociocultural
D) biological

Question 17

Defining abnormal behavior as some behavior that is different than the way somebody is supposed to act invokes which criterion to establish abnormality?

A) Violation of social and cultural norms
B) Personal distress
C) Dysfunction
D) Level of impairment

Question 18

Lorenzo drinks excessive amounts of alcohol each evening. His behavior is negatively affecting his relationships and his job performance. A psychologist may consider Lorenzo abnormal based on which criterion?

A) Not typical
B) Dysfunction
C) Distorted perception
D) Learned helplessness

Question 19

A medical doctor who believes that the best treatment for depression is medication is following the ____ perspective of abnormality.

A) cultural
B) psychological
C) biological
D) social

Question 20

Based on the lifetime prevalence estimates of mental health disorders, it is likely that ____ of all adults in the United States will suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder sometime in their life.

A) nearly a quarter
B) more than half
C) more than three-quarters
D) nearly 100%

Question 21

If you examined the DSM-5, you would expect to find a description of the ______.

A) causes of mental health disorders
B) treatments of mental health disorders
C) symptoms of mental health disorders
D) social norms for assessment

Question 22

Dr. March is a behavioral psychologist. How would she view an anxiety disorder?

A) As stemming from the unconscious
B) As stemming from some biological malfunction
C) As a result of learning
D) As a result of discomfort with the self

Question 23

The cognitive perspective of abnormal behavior is to ____, as the humanistic perspective of abnormal behavior is to ____.

A) distorted thinking; distorted sense of self
B) Carl Rogers; B. F. Skinner
C) psychological approach; sociocultural approach
D) conscious conflicts; unconscious conflicts

Question 24

Most psychological disorders result from ____.

A) biological factors only
B) sociocultural factors only
C) psychological factors only
D) a combination of biological, sociocultural, and psychological factors

Question 25

The fact that the incidence of eating disorders varies widely across the world is best explained by ____ theory of abnormal behavior.

A) psychological
B) sociocultural
C) psychoanalytic
D) biological

Question 26

Learning theorists believe that abnormal behavior results from ____.

A) innate biological predispositions
B) cultural norms and traditions
C) the same learning processes that explain normal behavior
D) unconscious conflicts surrounding parental relationships

Question 27

A psychologist who views depression as due to unconscious sexual conflicts is viewing abnormal behavior from the ____ perspective.

A) humanistic
B) behavioral
C) psychoanalytic
D) cognitive

Question 28

A clinical psychologist who is attempting to make a mental illness diagnosis is likely to consult the ____.

A) TAT
B) AMA
C) ISDN
D) DSM

Question 29

Emma is constantly putting herself down and believes that she is stupid. Her negative thinking often depresses her mood. Which perspective might be most helpful in understanding the cause of Emma's depression?

A) Sociocultural
B) Psychoanalytic
C) Biological
D) Cognitive

Question 30

Both the humanistic and the cognitive perspectives of abnormal behavior emphasize distorted perceptions, but the humanistic perspective is unique in its emphasis on the ____.

A) unconscious
B) self
C) past
D) body

Question 31

Which perspective provides the most integrative explanation of psychological disorders?

A) Sociocultural
B) Biopsychosocial
C) Medical
D) Psychoanalytic

Question 32

Dr. Wangari believes that discrimination and poverty account for the higher rate of alcoholism among Native Americans. Dr. Wangari endorses the ____ perspective.

A) sociocultural
B) supernatural
C) medical
D) psychological

Question 33

Dr. Lubold views abnormal behavior as stemming from people's inability to accept themselves. Dr. Lubold endorses the ____ perspective.

A) psychoanalytic
B) humanistic
C) behavioral
D) biological

Question 34

Which topic would be of most interest to a sociocultural theorist?

A) The greater incidence of depression in the United States compared to other countries
B) The relationship between age and certain types of mental illness
C) The biochemical causes of schizophrenia
D) The negative self-talk characteristic of those with low self-esteem

Question 35

Gary believes that abnormal behavior results from the conflict between unconscious forces and the demands of society. His thinking is most consistent with the ____ theory of abnormal behavior.

A) cognitive
B) biological
C) humanistic
D) psychoanalytic

Question 36

What do the social learning perspective and the cognitive perspective have in common?

A) They both are sociocultural approaches to explaining abnormal behavior.
B) They both are no longer considered useful in explaining abnormal behavior.
C) They both are psychological approaches to explaining abnormal behavior.
D) They both are biological approaches to explaining abnormal behavior.

Question 37

DSM is the name of the guide that psychologists use to describe mental illness and it stands for the __________.

A) Directed and Specialized Monitoring of Mental Illness
B) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
C) Disorders and their Symptoms for Mental Health Professionals
D) De-Stigmatizing Mental Illness Guide

Question 38

The psychoanalytic perspective is part of the ____ approach to abnormal behavior.

A) biological
B) psychological
C) social learning
D) sociocultural

Question 39

Stephanie believes that abnormal behavior results from a distorted perception of the self and reality. Stephanie's thinking is most consistent with the ____ perspective of abnormal behavior.

A) cognitive
B) humanistic
C) psychoanalytic
D) social learning

Question 40

Psychological theories primarily attribute abnormal behavior to ____.

A) physical causes
B) neurotransmitter imbalances
C) cultural factors
D) internal or external stressors

Question 41

An individual who meets the criteria for more than one diagnosis is said to have ____ conditions.

A) co-occurring
B) complex
C) collusive
D) comorbid

Question 42

Your friend has recently been diagnosed with a personality disorder. Based on what you know about the reliability of the diagnosis of personality disorders, you would have good reason to believe that ____.

A) your friend actually has a personality disorder
B) your friend actually does not have any type of disorder
C) another therapist might make a different diagnosis
D) another therapist would confirm the diagnosis

Question 43

In the DSM-5, the reliability of the ____ was considered low, calling into question the validity of diagnosing them.

A) anxiety disorders
B) personality disorders
C) sexual dysfunctions
D) trauma- and stressor-related disorders

Question 44

Which disorder is most likely to be dominated by excessive worry?

A) Generalized anxiety disorder
B) Panic disorder
C) Antisocial personality disorder
D) Schizophrenia

Question 45

Critics of the DSM approach point out that a diagnosis ____.

A) is typically inaccurate
B) may lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy
C) serves no purpose
D) may result in denial of health insurance

Question 46

Using the DSM model for diagnosing mental disorders ____.

A) has virtually eliminated inaccurate diagnoses
B) ensures that those with disorders are not given a negative label
C) can lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy for those with disorders
D) has been shown to remove the biases that psychologists may have

Question 47

In DSM-5, autism spectrum disorders are classified as ____ disorders.

A) neurodevelopmental
B) psychotic
C) anxiety
D) mood

Question 48

Following heart surgery, 74-year-old Roberta, an outgoing, active artist, becomes extremely confused and is grossly disoriented. She is diagnosed with delirium, a ____ disorder.

A) somatic
B) psychotic
C) neurodevelopmental
D) neurocognitive

Question 49

In DSM-5, restless legs syndrome is classified as a(n) ____ disorder.

A) paraphilic
B) somatic
C) neurocognitive
D) sleep-wake

Question 50

Anxiety is considered abnormal when it ____.

A) is expressed in unusual circumstances
B) is exhibited more than twice within a 30-day period
C) is observed in social settings
D) interferes with one's ability to function

Question 51

The DSM is best described as having a(n) ____ perspective.

A) social
B) psychoanalytic
C) behavioral
D) atheoretical

Question 52

The DSM-5 contains information about nearly ____ disorders.

A) 100
B) 200
C) 300
D) 400

Question 53

A DSM diagnosis can ____.

A) tell us very clearly how a person will behave in the future
B) provide a detailed description of the person's unique characteristics
C) be used as a general label to understand a person's problem
D) tell us the factors that have created a particular problem behavior

Question 54

Which anxiety disorder has the highest estimated 12-month prevalence for adults in the United States?

A) PTSD
B) Specific phobia
C) Panic disorder
D) Generalized anxiety disorder

Question 55

Which disorder is classified by DSM-5 as a psychotic disorder?

A) Amnesia
B) ADHD
C) PTSD
D) Schizophrenia

Question 56

Lucretia has lately been experiencing distressing symptoms including elevated heart rate, muscle tension, a sense of dread, restlessness, and a desire to flee from certain situations. Her symptoms are most consistent with a(n) ____.

A) depressive disorder
B) anxiety disorder
C) somatic symptom disorder
D) dissociative disorder

Question 57

Research on the reliability and validity of the DSM has shown ____.

A) improvements in reliability and validity due to revisions
B) overall poor reliability but acceptable validity due to revisions
C) overall poor validity but acceptable reliability due to revisions
D) overall poor reliability and validity, despite revisions

Question 58

Which disorder is categorized in obsessive-compulsive and related disorders?

A) Delusional disorder
B) Body dysmorphic disorder
C) Dissociative amnesia
D) Rumination disorder

Question 59

Cognitive components of anxiety include ____.

A) having an intense sense of dread
B) avoiding anxiety-provoking situations
C) being extremely wary or watchful
D) behaving aggressively

Question 60

The DSM criteria require that symptoms ____.

A) interfere with an individual's functioning
B) be socially inappropriate
C) reflect a permanent change in functioning
D) be invariant from culture to culture

Question 61

Michelle was involved in a terrible car accident in which her brother was killed. She has experienced recurrent flashbacks and nightmares since the accident. She may have ____.

A) agoraphobia
B) generalized anxiety disorder
C) posttraumatic stress disorder
D) adjustment disorder

Question 62

If you have experienced panic disorder, most likely you ____.

A) are an African American male
B) have endured long periods of sustained depression
C) use dissociation as a means of dealing with stressful situations
D) cannot identify the specific cause of your panic

Question 63

If you have an intensely irrational fear of being negatively evaluated by others in a social situation, you may have ____.

A) panic disorder
B) acrophobia
C) agoraphobia
D) social phobia

Question 64

In any given year, it is estimated that about ____ of Americans experience generalized anxiety disorder.

A) 1%
B) 3%
C) 7%
D) 15%

Question 65

Repetitive hand-washing in order to relieve anxiety is an example of a(n) ____.

A) positive reinforcer
B) compulsion
C) obsession
D) phobia

Question 66

Fear of having another panic attack can lead to ____.

A) schizophrenia
B) agoraphobia
C) PTSD
D) depression

Question 67

Specific phobias typically begin in ____.

A) infancy
B) childhood
C) adolescence
D) adulthood

Question 68

About ____ of American adults have a specific phobia.

A) 3%
B) 9%
C) 15%
D) 18%

Question 69

Phobic disorders are a type of ____.

A) mood disorder
B) schizophrenic disorder
C) somatoform disorder
D) anxiety disorder

Question 70

In obsessive-compulsive disorder, the compulsions are designed to ____.

A) convince others that the person is normal
B) convince the person that he or she is normal
C) provide relief from depression
D) provide temporary relief from anxieties

Question 71

Panic disorder is a type of ____.

A) anxiety disorder
B) dissociative disorder
C) mood disorder
D) somatic disorder

Question 72

Samuel has agoraphobia. That means that he has a fear of ____.

A) closed spaces
B) being in places where escape would be difficult if panic were to occur
C) social situations in which negative evaluation could occur
D) heights

Question 73

Approximately ____ of those who are diagnosed with agoraphobia are women.

A) 45%
B) 60%
C) 75%
D) 90%

Question 74

Obsessions are ____, while compulsions are ____.

A) adaptive; maladaptive
B) maladaptive; adaptive
C) thoughts; behaviors
D) behaviors; thoughts

Question 75

Which of the following is most likely to involve short but intense periods of anxiety?

A) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
B) Social phobia
C) Posttraumatic stress disorder
D) Panic disorder

Question 76

What do agoraphobia, social phobia, and specific phobia all have in common?

A) They all involve panic attacks.
B) They all create mood swings.
C) They are all more likely to develop in adulthood.
D) They are all anxiety disorders.

Question 77

Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by ____.

A) intense panic
B) extreme mood shifts
C) periods of dissociation from consciousness
D) chronic anxiety

Question 78

Social anxiety disorder tends to develop in ____.

A) early preschool years and in adolescence
B) women more so than men
C) African Americans more so than European Americans
D) middle age and in senior years

Question 79

A recurrent intrusive thought that you forgot to lock your car when you parked it this morning is an example of a(n) ____.

A) posttraumatic stressor
B) compulsion
C) obsession
D) motivator

Question 80

Cassandra has recently had several short but highly intense experiences in which physical anxiety suddenly overwhelms her, making her feel as if she is having a heart attack. Her symptoms are most consistent with ____.

A) generalized anxiety disorder
B) bipolar disorder
C) panic disorder
D) schizophrenia