Deck 10: The Challenge of Parenthood

Question 1

Men may have more problems working out parenthood readiness questions than women because they don't:

A) think about the possibility of having children.
B) understand why having children is such a big deal.
C) seek help in dealing with such questions.
D) believe that fathers should make parenthood decisions.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

With the arrival of their first child, parents must learn to contend with:

A) two-way communication.
B) three-way communication.
C) five-way communication.
D) six-way communication.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The physical demands associated with caring for children are:

A) negated by increased pleasure.
B) typically not as hard as parents expect.
C) an unpredictable pattern.
D) usually far greater than parents anticipate.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

In the past, marriage was synonymous with:

A) personal growth.
B) parenthood.
C) sexual freedom.
D) divorce.

Question 5

Sex and romance tend to be less satisfying after the first child because couples spend more of their energies focusing on:

A) in-law relationships.
B) family functions.
C) rest and relaxation.
D) birth control methods.

Question 6

All of the following are reasons why the decision to become a parent is harder on modern women EXCEPT:

A) the influence of feminism.
B) decreased desire.
C) career choices.
D) general affluence.

Question 7

Couples who are thinking about having children should ask themselves all of the following parenthood readiness questions EXCEPT:

A) "Will I be a successful parent?"
B) "Will the decision please our parents and friends?"
C) "Are we really ready?"
D) "How much freedom will I have?"

Question 8

Studies of the impact of children on marital satisfaction show that:

A) on average, marital satisfaction is reduced.
B) most childless marriages end in divorce.
C) marital satisfaction increases in all instances.
D) children enhance marital satisfaction until the age of three.

Question 9

The parent is most likely to feel "trapped" by the birth of a child when:

A) a husband who doesn't want children finds out his wife deliberately "forgot" to take her birth control pills.
B) a mother who planned her pregnancy finds out that caring for a baby is more work than she anticipated.
C) a father who thought he wanted children finds out he has to take a second job to pay unexpected bills.
D) a mother who had planned to return to work after the birth of her child can't do it because she can't locate child care.

Question 10

Charlie and Rachel are planning on having their first child. They are able to prepare themselves by:

A) following their intuition.
B) practicing on nieces and nephews.
C) reading and taking classes.
D) mimicking their parents.

Question 11

Marital satisfaction is lowest when children are:

A) toddlers.
B) in elementary school.
C) teenagers.
D) over the age of 20.

Question 12

Traditionalization of the marital relationship occurs when:

A) there is an equal division of family tasks.
B) both spouses want children.
C) mothers assume most of the parenting duties.
D) parents take parenting classes together.

Question 13

The negative effects of absent mothers, babysitters, and child-care centers have on children is reduced by:

A) good child care.
B) access to television.
C) feminism.
D) middle-class affluence.

Question 14

With the arrival of the second child, parents must learn to deal with:

A) four-way communication.
B) six-way communication.
C) eight-way communication.
D) twelve-way communication.

Question 15

When Cox and Demmitt say that parenthood is a paradox, they mean that it:

A) frequently produces enough tension to cause divorce.
B) brings many families to the brink of financial crisis.
C) is associated with both problems and happiness.
D) strengthens relationships and gives them depth.

Question 16

The text states that new parents are likely to mention all of the following positive themes EXCEPT:

A) joy and happiness from child care.
B) self-enrichment and personal development.
C) increased family cohesiveness.
D) a more fulfilling social life.

Question 17

Why is family planning so important?

A) Children are an economic asset and should be planned.
B) It insures the survival of the species.
C) Unwanted pregnancies can lead to unwanted children and negative feelings about parenting.
D) The population is dwindling and reproduction needs to increase.

Question 18

Marital satisfaction seems to rise when the children:

A) enter high school.
B) participate in athletics.
C) leave home.
D) have friends their own age.

Question 19

Parenthood lasts until:

A) your children become adults.
B) the last child leaves home.
C) your children get married.
D) the end of your life.

Question 20

According to Cox and Demmitt, parenthood is not about children but:

A) creating mature adults.
B) childbearing.
C) pregnancy.
D) positive feelings.

Question 21

A little stress is good for children because it enables them to develop:

A) a sense of security.
B) strong egos.
C) stress tolerance.
D) their individuality.

Question 22

Early deprivation of stimulation generally leads to:

A) hyperactivity and behavioral problems.
B) poor physical health.
C) slower learning later in life.
D) delayed sexual development.

Question 23

Traditionalization is less likely to occur in:

A) nuclear families.
B) working-class families.
C) rural families.
D) two-career families.

Question 24

Sue and Chuck recently had a baby and now find that they are operating in more traditional roles than in the past. Sue is staying at home and Chuck is working more hours. The best explanation for the shift to traditional roles in this example is:

A) personal.
B) psychological.
C) sociological.
D) environmental.

Question 25

The egalitarian parenting style emphasizes:

A) basic religious teachings.
B) the sanctity of parenthood.
C) autonomy and independence.
D) family obligation and tradition.

Question 26

Fathers tend to perform childrearing tasks that:

A) their wives don't want to do.
B) need not be done every day.
C) are essential the operation of the household.
D) require a lot of patience and skill.

Question 27

Greg is concerned that his wife is being overprotective of their six-year-old son, Jacob. An example of overprotection would be:

A) letting Jacob cross the street by himself.
B) settling a dispute between Jacob and one of his friends.
C) giving him a bicycle for his birthday.
D) signing Jacob up for swimming lessons.

Question 28

Bill and Karen are new parents for the first time. Although they have both had successful careers, Karen is considering staying home full-time when her maternity leave is over and Bill has agreed to pick up extra hours at work to help make up the difference. Bill and Karen are exhibiting:

A) transition.
B) traditionalization.
C) role diffusion.
D) isolation.

Question 29

According to the psychological explanation of the traditionalization of marital roles, new mothers receive "erotogenic pleasure" from:

A) nursing their infants.
B) marital sex.
C) labor force participation.
D) spousal communication.

Question 30

The psychological explanation of the traditionalization of marital roles focuses on:

A) female self-esteem.
B) hormonal changes in women.
C) male dominance.
D) masculine ego development.

Question 31

According to the authors, what seems to be an integral part of parenting?

A) perfection
B) complete understanding of children
C) disappointing sex
D) some failure

Question 32

What do children need in order to survive their parents' occasional anger, unequal treatment, and other unfairness?

A) patience and perseverance
B) strength and understanding
C) extended family
D) security, acceptance, and love

Question 33

During the traditionalization process, it usually makes sense for the man to go to work because he can:

A) work and help with the children.
B) endure the most physical punishment.
C) find a job through his social network.
D) earn more money than his wife.

Question 34

Which of the following groups has the highest percentage of children living in single-parent households?

A) whites
B) African Americans
C) Hispanics
D) Asian Americans

Question 35

Parental growth and development go hand-in-hand with:

A) child growth and development.
B) parenting classes.
C) advice from their own parents.
D) advice from other parents experiencing the same stages.

Question 36

Personality theories of socialization attempt to link the traditionalization of marital roles to the parenting roles that we learn from:

A) the media.
B) our parents.
C) close friends.
D) trial and error.

Question 37

Of the key dimensions of mothering and fathering, the most important seems to be:

A) stimulation.
B) physical contact.
C) acceptance.
D) responsive care.

Question 38

Why do some researchers feel that the government should make preschool mandatory?

A) Early stimulation is the most important factor in brain development.
B) School is essential in identity formation.
C) The government standards for entrance to kindergarten demand it.
D) Children learn to understand the bureaucratic nature of school.

Question 39

Early stimulation tends to:

A) produce children who are difficult to handle.
B) disturb the infant's sense of well-being.
C) stabilize a child's blood pressure.
D) enhance development and later learning.

Question 40

Compared with fathers in the past, men today are more likely to do all of the following EXCEPT:

A) routine child-care activities.
B) play with their children.
C) live apart from their children.
D) participate in childbirth.

Question 41

The promise to care for, connect with, and provide for a child throughout his/her life is called:

A) parenting.
B) essential
C) commitment.
D) fatherwork.

Question 42

The deficit model of fathering tends to view American fathers as:

A) idealistic dreamers.
B) strong and silent.
C) necessary.
D) incompetent.

Question 43

Adolescents who have a strong relationship with their nonresidential father tend to:

A) act out more against their mothers and other family members.
B) have the same behavioral problems as other adolescents with parents living apart.
C) act out less at school.
D) have higher rates of truancy.

Question 44

As a result of television condensing programs to a short time period, a problem for teachers is:

A) higher levels of understanding.
B) holding students' attention in the classroom.
C) dress code infractions.
D) delayed social interaction.

Question 45

The first step in a rational approach to parental discipline is to:

A) think of the most effective punishment.
B) scold the child for misbehaving.
C) swiftly deliver the punishment.
D) try to understand the child and the problem.

Question 46

A child that watches a great deal of violence on television in the early years:

A) becomes isolated as an adolescent and adult.
B) becomes a violent teenager.
C) views violence as a normal part of life.
D) displays no apparent effects of this as an adult.

Question 47

Hours of television watching deprive a child of:

A) time with their parents.
B) good nutrition.
C) good eyesight.
D) social interaction.

Question 48

All of the following are problems experienced by children who view too much television EXCEPT:

A) getting along with parents better.
B) lack of social skills.
C) poor physical condition.
D) low personal contentment.

Question 49

Research demonstrated that fathers who actively participated in rearing their children were:

A) less emotional and more removed from social life.
B) more satisfied with life and more active in their communities.
C) harsh and disciplinarian.
D) liberated and bureaucratic.

Question 50

Most parents try to control their children by using:

A) egalitarian methods.
B) a reward system.
C) negative techniques.
D) logic and persuasion.

Question 51

A child who is punished violently tends to learn that:

A) it doesn't pay to violate parental rules.
B) his/her parents really love him/her.
C) violence is a way to change another's behavior.
D) there is a thin line between right and wrong.

Question 52

Most new parents receive their parenting skills from:

A) the media.
B) their own parents.
C) parenting classes.
D) child-rearing books.

Question 53

The second step in a rational approach to parental discipline is to:

A) ask the child if he/she is sorry for his/her actions.
B) identify the changes that are necessary.
C) find out if the child acted alone.
D) punish the child for violating the rules.

Question 54

When a parent's first reaction is to say "no" to a child, they are creating:

A) dominance.
B) rationality.
C) confrontation.
D) reinforcement.

Question 55

Parental ground rules for television viewing should encompass all of the following elements EXCEPT:

A) time limits for television viewing.
B) the kinds of programs than can be watched.
C) parent-child discussions about program content.
D) censorship of certain commercials.

Question 56

Cox and Demmitt compare the television to a:

A) runaway train.
B) school teacher.
C) surrogate parent.
D) one-eyed monster.

Question 57

Fathers who participate in childbirth tend to:

A) be just as motivated by personal achievement as other men.
B) be more traditional and less open to change.
C) hold and rock their infants more.
D) have fewer children.

Question 58

Children aged 8 to 18 tend to spend the most time with which type of media?

A) television
B) video games
C) Internet
D) telephone

Question 59

The first thing that parents should do when they decide to regulate their children's television viewing is:

A) establish some nonnegotiable rules.
B) get rid of all their television sets.
C) create a family discussion hour.
D) consider the role of television in their own lives.

Question 60

Children who view a great deal of television are more likely to view the world:

A) as temporary.
B) realistically.
C) as a mean and scary place.
D) as a fantasy.

Question 61

During the infancy stage of psychosocial development, the new father must learn to:

A) accept his fixations.
B) share his wife's love and attention.
C) broaden his moral principles.
D) satisfy his spouse's newly discovered wants.

Question 62

Using firm routines to control a child's behavior probably works best with:

A) self-directed children.
B) preschoolers.
C) boys.
D) aggressive children.

Question 63

Children become increasingly capable of self-initiated activity in the:

A) latency stage.
B) oral-sensory stage.
C) muscular-anal stage.
D) locomotor-genital stage.

Question 64

According to Erikson's theory of psychosexual development, the child develops a sense of autonomy and self-control in the:

A) oral-sensory stage.
B) muscular-anal stage.
C) locomotor-genital stage.
D) latency stage.

Question 65

Children learn to trust when their needs are:

A) recognized by society.
B) satisfied on a regular basis.
C) separated from their wants.
D) transformed into values.

Question 66

Effective punishment encompasses all of the following strategies EXCEPT:

A) punishing the child as soon after the act as possible.
B) letting the punishment flow from the act.
C) using emotional displays to reinforce punishment.
D) telling the child what the alternatives are.

Question 67

It is extremely important for parents to create a stimulating environment for children during the ____ stage of psychosocial development.

A) muscular-anal
B) locomotor-genital
C) oral-sensory
D) latency

Question 68

When children cannot cope with the problems of a particular stage of psychosocial development, they tend to become:

A) suicidal.
B) arrested in development.
C) prosocial.
D) moral monsters.

Question 69

If parental expectations are too high in the muscular-anal stage, the child is likely to experience:

A) feelings of mistrust.
B) role confusion.
C) a sense of guilt.
D) shame and doubt.

Question 70

The child's peers begin to play a more active role in the family's life during the:

A) oral-sensory stage.
B) locomotor genital stage.
C) latency stage.
D) muscular-anal stage.

Question 71

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, toilet training occurs during the:

A) muscular-anal stage.
B) oral-sensory stage.
C) locomotor-genital stage.
D) latency stage.

Question 72

During the oral-sensory stage, children are completely dependent on their parents because:

A) they are unable to make adult decisions.
B) they need their space and freedom.
C) their responses to the environment are limited.
D) their adolescent minds are not fully developed.

Question 73

Mild occasional spanking can be an effective method to stop a child from misbehaving but it must be accompanied by:

A) corporal punishment.
B) communication.
C) a time out.
D) humiliation.

Question 74

Distraction is an effective method for controlling the behavior of small children because they have:

A) a short attention span.
B) more respect for parental authority.
C) an innate desire to conform.
D) more willpower than older children.

Question 75

In Erickson's psychosocial developmental stages, children must establish:

A) a sense of physical well-being.
B) strategies for differentiating between needs and wants.
C) new orientations to their social environment.
D) acceptable moral and ethical standards.

Question 76

Doug and Sue are very excited when their son learns to cross the monkey bars. They encourage him to explore his world and try things out. Doug and Sue's son is most likely mastering:

A) industry and inferiority.
B) initiative and guilt.
C) autonomy and shame.
D) identity and role confusion.

Question 77

Renae will probably stop buying diapers for her daughter as she approaches the end of the:

A) oral-sensory stage.
B) locomotor-genital stage.
C) latency stage.
D) muscular-anal stage.

Question 78

Children learn to walk, talk, feed, and dress themselves during the __________ stage of psychosocial development.

A) oral-sensory
B) latency
C) muscular-anal
D) locomotor-genital

Question 79

During the first stage of psychosocial development, why do children put things in their mouth?

A) They are always hungry.
B) They are attempting to understand the world through their senses.
C) They need the sensation of sucking to calm them.
D) They watch other family members and mimic their behavior.

Question 80

According to Erikson, the major task of school-aged children is:

A) trust vs. mistrust.
B) autonomy vs. shame.
C) initiative vs. guilt.
D) industry vs. inferiority.