Question 1

Hematopoietic stem cells can be harvested from all of the following tissues except:&#10;A) Bone marrow&#10;B) Umbilical cord blood&#10;C) Liver&#10;D) Peripheral blood

Accepted Answer

Hematopoietic stem cells cannot be harvested from the liver. They can be found in bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, and peripheral blood.

Question 2

A proto-oncogene codes for a protein involved in cell:&#10;A) Differentiation&#10;B) Nuclear shape&#10;C) Cycle regulation&#10;D) Lipid metabolism

Accepted Answer

Proto-oncogenes are genes that, under certain circumstances and mutations, can become oncogenes that contribute to cancer development. Proto-oncogenes code for proteins that are involved in regulating various cellular processes, including cell cycle regulation, cell growth, and differentiation. Therefore, the best choice that fits the question is cell cycle regulation. The other options (nuclear shape and lipid metabolism) are not directly related to the function of proto-oncogenes.

Question 3

What is the major drawback to chemotherapy?&#10;A) Makes the patient feel so bad&#10;B) High cost of drug and long hospital stays&#10;C) Requires extensive laboratory monitoring&#10;D) Suppression of the bone marrow

Accepted Answer

Suppression of the bone marrow is the major drawback to chemotherapy as it can lead to decreased production of blood cells, leaving the patient at risk for infection, anemia, and bleeding. The other options may also be drawbacks, but they are not the primary concern.

Question 4

Which of the following malignancies has the greatest chance for long-term survival or cure?&#10;A) Chronic myelogenous leukemia&#10;B) Chronic lymphocytic leukemia&#10;C) Therapy-related leukemia&#10;D) Mantle cell lymphoma

Accepted Answer

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) has a high chance for long-term survival or cure due to the availability of highly effective targeted therapy with drugs such as imatinib (Gleevec). With proper treatment, the overall 5-year survival rate for CML is over 80%. In contrast, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and mantle cell lymphoma have lower survival rates even with treatment, while therapy-related leukemia is a more aggressive form of leukemia associated with exposure to cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

Question 5

Imatinib mesylate is an example of:&#10;A) Cell cycle specific chemotherapy&#10;B) An oncogene&#10;C) Targeted therapy&#10;D) A tumor suppressor gene

Accepted Answer

Imatinib mesylate is a targeted therapy that specifically targets the abnormal protein produced by the Philadelphia chromosome, which is present in cells of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). It inhibits the activity of the BCR-ABL fusion protein, which is responsible for the uncontrolled proliferation of cells in CML.

Question 6

What is the greatest drawback to autologous over allogeneic stem cell transplant for leukemia?&#10;A) Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)&#10;B) Infections&#10;C) Bleeding&#10;D) Malignant cells more likely to return

Accepted Answer

The greatest drawback to autologous stem cell transplant (using the patient's own stem cells) over allogeneic stem cell transplant (using stem cells from a donor) for leukemia is that malignant cells are more likely to return. This is because autologous transplants do not benefit from the "graft-versus-leukemia" effect seen in allogeneic transplants, where the donor's immune cells may attack any remaining leukemia cells.

Question 7

Which of the following is true concerning the use of chemotherapeutic drugs?&#10;A) Affects only neoplastic cells in cell cycle&#10;B) Dosage limited by the effect on normal bone marrow cells&#10;C) Affects only neoplastic cells&#10;D) Dosage limited by the effect on neoplastic cells

Accepted Answer

Chemotherapeutic drugs affect not only neoplastic cells, but also normal rapidly dividing cells such as those found in bone marrow. Therefore, the dosage is limited by the effect on these normal cells.

Question 8

What chromosomal translocation is associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia?&#10;A) t(9;22)&#10;B) t(6;14)&#10;C) t(1;22)&#10;D) t(9;14)

Accepted Answer

Chronic myelogenous leukemia is associated with the chromosomal translocation t(9;22), also known as the Philadelphia chromosome. This translocation results in the fusion of the BCR and ABL genes, leading to the production of a novel fusion protein with tyrosine kinase activity that drives the uncontrolled proliferation of myeloid cells.

Question 9

How do chemotherapy drugs work to kill or inhibit tumor cells?&#10;A) Increase apoptosis&#10;B) Create holes in the cell surfaces&#10;C) Variety of mechanisms can damage deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or interfere with the cell cycle&#10;D) Interfere with protein synthesis

Accepted Answer

Chemotherapy drugs work by a variety of mechanisms that damage DNA or interfere with the cell cycle of tumor cells, ultimately leading to inhibition or death of the cells. This can include interfering with DNA replication or repair, damaging the structure of DNA, or targeting proteins involved in cell division. Increasing apoptosis (programmed cell death) and creating holes in cell surfaces are not typical mechanisms of chemotherapy drugs. While some drugs may interfere with protein synthesis, this is not the primary mechanism by which most chemotherapy drugs work.

Question 10

What cell process is normally responsible for removal of redundant, damaged, aged, or defective cells?&#10;A) Apoptosis&#10;B) Repression&#10;C) Translocation&#10;D) Progression

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis is a programmed cell death process that is responsible for removing cells that are redundant, damaged, aged, or defective. It is a natural process that occurs in multicellular organisms to maintain tissue homeostasis and remove cells that pose a threat to the organism's health. Repression refers to the process of inhibiting gene expression, translocation refers to the movement of molecules or cells from one location to another, and progression refers to the advancement or development of a condition or disease.

Question 11

Most malignancies of the hematopoietic system are an:&#10;A) Inherited autosomal disease&#10;B) Acquired infectious disease&#10;C) Inherited X-linked disease&#10;D) Acquired genetic disease

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most malignancies of the hematopoietic system are...

Question 12

What laboratory tests are used to diagnose and classify leukemia?&#10;A) Microscopic evaluation of peripheral blood and bone marrow&#10;B) Cytochemical staining and immunologic study of bone marrow cells&#10;C) Cytogenetic techniques&#10;D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

The answer of What laboratory tests are used to diagnose...

Question 13

GVHD develops when:&#10;A) Donor T cells attack patient tissue or tissues.&#10;B) Patient T cells attack donor stem cells.&#10;C) Donor B cells attack patient tissue or tissues.&#10;D) Patient B cells attack donor stem cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of GVHD develops when:&#10;A) Donor T cells attack...

Question 14

Viruses have been found as a causative agent for which of the following hematologic malignancies?&#10;A) Burkitt lymphoma&#10;B) Chronic myelogenous leukemia&#10;C) Hairy cell leukemia&#10;D) Acute myeloid leukemia

Accepted Answer

The answer of Viruses have been found as a causative...

Deck 29: Introduction to Leukocyte Neoplasms