Question 1

Germinal centers in lymph nodes contain primarily:&#10;A) B cells&#10;B) Macrophages&#10;C) Neutrophils&#10;D) T cells

Accepted Answer

Germinal centers in lymph nodes are areas where B cells undergo proliferation, somatic hypermutation, and selection to produce high-affinity antibodies. Therefore, the primary cell type present in germinal centers is B cells.

Question 2

All of the following functions are performed by cytokines except:&#10;A) Stimulating production of blood cells&#10;B) Inducing macrophages to attack senescent cells&#10;C) Regulating cell differentiation&#10;D) Monitoring trafficking of mature blood cells

Accepted Answer

Cytokines are involved in stimulating blood cell production, regulating cell differentiation, and monitoring cell trafficking, but they do not specifically induce macrophages to attack senescent cells.

Question 3

All of the following are functions of macrophages in the bone marrow except:&#10;A) Activating adipose cells&#10;B) Secreting cytokines&#10;C) Storing iron&#10;D) Phagocytizing senescent cells

Accepted Answer

Macrophages in the bone marrow do not have the function of activating adipose cells. Rather, they play important roles in regulating the immune system, secreting cytokines, phagocytizing senescent cells, and storing iron.

Question 4

Which of the following is a hematopoietic growth factor?&#10;A) Interleukin&#10;B) BFU-E&#10;C) Fibroblast&#10;D) HSC

Accepted Answer

Hematopoietic growth factors are substances that stimulate the production and maturation of blood cells. Interleukin is a type of hematopoietic growth factor that is involved in the immune system and the production of white blood cells. BFU-E (burst-forming unit erythroid) and HSC (hematopoietic stem cell) are types of blood cells, not growth factors. Fibroblast is a type of cell found in connective tissue and is not related to hematopoiesis.

Question 5

Kupffer cells, found in the liver, are:&#10;A) Adipose cells&#10;B) Macrophages&#10;C) Immature red cells&#10;D) Immature granulocytes (neutrophils)

Accepted Answer

Kupffer cells are a type of macrophage found in the liver that play a key role in filtering and removing foreign particles, such as bacteria and viruses, from the blood. They are also involved in the regulation of inflammation and immune responses in the liver.

Question 6

What is the primary mechanism for the anemia associated with kidney disease?&#10;A) Hemolysis&#10;B) Hemorrhage&#10;C) Inadequate synthesis of erythropoietin&#10;D) Inadequate synthesis of interleukins

Accepted Answer

The primary mechanism for anemia associated with kidney disease is the inadequate synthesis of erythropoietin, a hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow. With kidney disease, the kidneys may not produce enough erythropoietin, leading to a decrease in red blood cell production and resulting in anemia. Hemolysis (A) and hemorrhage (B) can also cause anemia, but they are not the primary mechanisms associated with kidney disease. Inadequate synthesis of interleukins (D) is not a known cause of anemia.

Question 7

Why are erythrocyte cellular inclusions such as Howell-Jolly bodies found after surgical removal of the spleen?&#10;A) Blood loss from surgery increases erythrocyte production.&#10;B) Necessary hematopoiesis growth factors produced in the spleen are lost.&#10;C) Removal of the spleen induces the formation of inclusions.&#10;D) The absent spleen cannot &#34;pit&#34; or remove the normally formed inclusions.

Accepted Answer

The spleen is responsible for removing old or damaged red blood cells, including those with cellular inclusions such as Howell-Jolly bodies. Without a spleen, the body cannot effectively remove these inclusions, leading to their presence in circulation.

Question 8

How do cells get from the bone marrow into peripheral circulation?&#10;A) Stem cells escape the bone marrow and mature in peripheral circulation.&#10;B) Mature cells attach to a carrier protein for transport.&#10;C) Capillaries flow into the marrow and pluck out precursor cells.&#10;D) Mature cells squeeze through spaces in the vessel endothelial lining.

Accepted Answer

Mature cells squeeze through spaces in the vessel endothelial lining, a process called diapedesis or extravasation, and enter the peripheral circulation. This is facilitated by various adhesion molecules on the surface of the cells and on the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels. Stem cells may also exit the bone marrow and differentiate into mature cells in peripheral tissues, but this is not the primary mechanism by which cells enter the circulation. Carrier proteins and capillaries flowing into the marrow are not involved in the process of cells entering the peripheral circulation.

Question 9

How many blood cells are made each day in the bone marrow of a normal adult?&#10;A) Thousands&#10;B) Millions&#10;C) About 1 billion&#10;D) Hundreds of billions

Accepted Answer

The bone marrow of a normal adult produces hundreds of billions of blood cells each day to replace the old and damaged cells and maintain healthy levels of red and white blood cells and platelets.

Question 10

What bone marrow cells can differentiate into all of the blood cells?&#10;A) Burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E)&#10;B) Colony-forming unit-granulocyte-monocyte (CFU-GM)&#10;C) Colony-forming unit-granulocyte, erythrocyte, monocyte, and megakaryocyte (CFU-GEMM)&#10;D) Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)

Accepted Answer

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have the ability to differentiate into all of the blood cells, including erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets. BFU-E, CFU-GM, and CFU-GEMM are all progenitor cells that have more limited differentiation potential than HSCs.

Question 11

Where are developing red cells located in the bone marrow?&#10;A) Adjacent to the outer surfaces of the vascular sinuses&#10;B) Outside the vascular walls of the sinusoids&#10;C) Deep in the cords&#10;D) Randomly spaced throughout the cords

Accepted Answer

The answer of Where are developing red cells located in...

Question 12

Which of the following is a morphologically identifiable precursor cell using Wright stain?&#10;A) Promyelocyte&#10;B) Colony-forming unit-erythrocyte (CFU-E)&#10;C) Colony-stimulating factor-granulocyte-monocyte (CSF-GM)&#10;D) HSC

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a morphologically...

Question 13

When hematopoiesis occurs in the liver in an adult, it is called:&#10;A) Intramedullary&#10;B) Intermedullary&#10;C) Normal&#10;D) Extramedullary

Accepted Answer

The answer of When hematopoiesis occurs in the liver in...

Question 14

Why does surgical removal of the spleen cause people to have an increased platelet count?&#10;A) The bone marrow makes more platelets when the person has no spleen.&#10;B) The 30% of platelets normally stored in the spleen are freely circulating.&#10;C) Antibodies produced after splenectomy attack platelets.&#10;D) Surgery stimulates platelet growth factors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why does surgical removal of the spleen...

Question 15

What condition is most associated with autosplenectomy?&#10;A) Abdominal trauma&#10;B) Thrombocytopenia&#10;C) Sickle cell anemia&#10;D) Iron deficiency

Accepted Answer

The answer of What condition is most associated with autosplenectomy?&#10;A)...

Question 16

Enlarged lymph nodes are commonly found in all of the following except:&#10;A) Viral infections&#10;B) Liver cirrhosis&#10;C) Bacterial infections&#10;D) Metastatic malignancy

Accepted Answer

The answer of Enlarged lymph nodes are commonly found in...

Question 17

What are the major hematopoietic sites in the fetus and in the adult? Fetus Adult&#10;A) Lymph nodes Spleen&#10;B) Liver Bone marrow&#10;C) Liver Spleen&#10;D) Bone marrow Liver

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the major hematopoietic sites in...

Question 18

Which of the following, using Wright stain, is a feature of normal cells as they mature?&#10;A) Overall size increases&#10;B) Nucleoli become more prominent&#10;C) Nuclear chromatin becomes more condensed&#10;D) Cytoplasmic basophilia increases

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following, using Wright stain,...

Question 19

Apoptosis is:&#10;A) Enhanced red cell production&#10;B) Programmed cell death&#10;C) Directed exit of cells from the bone marrow&#10;D) Accidental cell death from trauma

Accepted Answer

The answer of Apoptosis is:&#10;A) Enhanced red cell production&#10;B) Programmed...

Question 20

The thymus is responsible for the initial development of:&#10;A) Macrophages&#10;B) T cells&#10;C) B cells&#10;D) Neutrophils

Accepted Answer

The answer of The thymus is responsible for the initial...

Question 21

Colony stimulating factors:&#10;A) Have poor affinity for their target cells&#10;B) Require high concentrations to be effective&#10;C) Are produced by many cells&#10;D) Are all lineage specific

Accepted Answer

The answer of Colony stimulating factors:&#10;A) Have poor affinity for...

Deck 7: Hematopoiesis