Deck 10: Health Problems of Infants

Question 1

To prevent plagiocephaly, the nurse should teach parents to:

A) place infant prone for 30 to 60 minutes per day.
B) buy a soft mattress.
C) allow infant to nap in the car safety seat.
D) have infant sleep with the parents.

Answer 1

place infant prone for 30 to 60 minutes per day.

Question 2

Parent guidelines for relieving colic in an infant include:

A) avoiding touching abdomen.
B) avoiding using a pacifier.
C) changing infant's position frequently.
D) placing infant where family cannot hear the crying.

Answer 2

changing infant's position frequently.

Question 3

Rickets is caused by a deficiency in:

A) vitamin A.
B) vitamin C.
C) vitamin D and calcium.
D) folic acid and iron.

Answer 3

vitamin D and calcium.

Question 4

Which is an important nursing consideration when caring for an infant with failure to thrive?

A) Establish a structured routine and follow it consistently.
B) Maintain a nondistracting environment by not speaking to child during feeding.
C) Place child in an infant seat during feedings to prevent overstimulation.
D) Limit sensory stimulation and play activities to alleviate fatigue.

Question 5

Which describes marasmus?

A) Deficiency of protein with an adequate supply of calories
B) Not confined to geographic areas where food supplies are inadequate
C) Syndrome that results solely from vitamin deficiencies
D) Characterized by thin, wasted extremities and a prominent abdomen resulting from edema (ascites)

Question 6

Recent studies indicate that a deficiency of which vitamin correlates with increased morbidity and mortality in children with measles?

A) A
B) C
C) Niacin
D) Folic acid

Question 7

What is an important nursing responsibility when dealing with a family experiencing the loss of an infant from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?

A) Explain how SIDS could have been predicted and prevented.
B) Interview parents in depth concerning the circumstances surrounding the child's death.
C) Discourage parents from making a last visit with the infant.
D) Make a follow-up home visit to parents as soon as possible after the child's death.

Question 8

Clinical manifestations of failure to thrive caused by behavioral problems resulting in inadequate intake of calories include:

A) avoidance of eye contact.
B) an associated malabsorption defect.
C) weight that falls below the 15th percentile.
D) normal achievement of developmental landmarks.

Question 9

A nurse is preparing to accompany a medical mission's team to a third world country. Marasmus is seen frequently in children 6 months to 2 years in this country. Which symptoms should the nurse expect for this condition?

A) Loose, wrinkled skin
B) Edematous skin
C) Depigmentation of the skin
D) Dermatoses

Question 10

Although infants may be allergic to a variety of foods, the most common allergens are:

A) fruit and eggs.
B) fruit, vegetables, and wheat.
C) cow's milk and green vegetables.
D) eggs, cow's milk, and wheat.

Question 11

A nurse is assessing a child with kwashiorkor disease. Which assessment findings should the nurse expect?

A) Thin wasted extremities with a prominent abdomen
B) Constipation
C) Elevated hemoglobin
D) High levels of protein

Question 12

A parent of an infant with colic tells the nurse, "All this baby does is scream at me; it is a constant worry." What is the nurse's best action?

A) Encourage parent to verbalize feelings.
B) Encourage parent not to worry so much.
C) Assess parent for other signs of inadequate parenting.
D) Reassure parent that colic rarely lasts past age 9 months.

Question 13

An infant has been pronounced dead from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in the emergency department. Which is an appropriate question to ask the parents?

A) "Did you hear the infant cry out?"
B) "Why didn't you check on the infant earlier?"
C) "What time did you find the infant?"
D) "Was the head buried in a blanket?"

Question 14

A nurse is preparing to administer an oral iron supplement to a hospitalized infant. Which should not be given simultaneously with the iron supplement?

A) Milk
B) Multivitamin
C) Fruit juice
D) Meat, fish, poultry

Question 15

Which vitamin is recommended for all women of childbearing age to reduce the risk of neural tube defects such as spina bifida?

A) A
B) C
C) Niacin
D) Folic acid

Question 16

Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is diagnosed in a 6-month-old infant. Which should the nurse recommend as a substitute formula?

A) Nutramigen
B) Goat's milk
C) Similac
D) Enfamil

Question 17

Parents report that they have been giving a multivitamin to their 1-year-old infant. The nurse counsels the parents that which vitamin can cause a toxic reaction at a low dose?

A) Niacin
B) B6
C) D
D) C

Question 18

The nurse is helping parents achieve a more nutritionally adequate vegetarian diet for their child. Which is most likely lacking in their particular diet?

A) Fat
B) Protein
C) Vitamins C and A
D) Complete protein

Question 19

A nurse is teaching parents about prevention and treatment of colic. Which should the nurse include in the teaching plan?

A) Avoid use of pacifiers.
B) Eliminate all second-hand smoke contact.
C) Lay infant flat after feeding.
D) Avoid swaddling the infant.

Question 20

Which is an appropriate action when an infant becomes apneic?

A) Shake vigorously
B) Roll head side to side
C) Hold by feet upside down with head supported
D) Gently stimulate trunk by patting or rubbing

Question 21

The nurse is talking to a parent of an infant with severe atopic dermatitis (eczema). Which response(s) should the nurse reinforce with the parent? (Select all that apply.)

A) "You can use warm wet compresses to relieve discomfort."
B) "You will need to keep your infant's skin well hydrated by using a mild soap in the bath."
C) "You should bathe your baby in a bubble bath two times a day."
D) "You will need to prevent your baby from scratching the area by using a mild antihistamine."
E) "You can try a fabric softener in the laundry to avoid rough cloth."
F) "You should apply an emollient to the skin immediately after a bath."

Question 22

An infant has been diagnosed with cow's milk allergy. What are the clinical manifestations the nurse expects to assess? (Select all that apply.)

A) Pink mucous membranes
B) Vomiting
C) Rhinitis
D) Abdominal pain
E) Moist skin

Question 23

What should the nurse suggest to the parents of an infant who has a prolonged need for middle-of-the-night feedings?

A) Decrease daytime feedings.
B) Allow child to go to sleep with a bottle.
C) Offer last feeding as late as possible at night.
D) Put infant to bed after asleep from rocking.

Question 24

A nurse is teaching a parent of an infant about treatment of seborrhea dermatitis (cradle cap). Which should the nurse include in the instructions?

A) Shampoo every three days with a mild soap.
B) The hair should be shampooed with a medicated shampoo.
C) Shampoo every day with an antiseborrheic shampoo.
D) The loosened crusts should not be removed with a fine-toothed comb.

Question 25

Which interventions should the nurse implement when caring for a family of a sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) infant? (Select all that apply.)

A) Allow parents to say goodbye to their infant.
B) Once parents leave the hospital, no further follow-up is required.
C) Arrange for someone to take the parents home from the hospital.
D) Avoid requesting an autopsy of the deceased infant.
E) Conduct a debriefing session with the parents before they leave the hospital.

Question 26

An infant experienced an apparent life-threatening event (ALTE) and is being placed on home apnea monitoring. Parents have understood the instructions for use of a home apnea monitor when they state?

A) "We can adjust the monitor to eliminate false alarms."
B) "We should sleep in the same bed as our monitored infant."
C) "We will check the monitor several times a day to be sure the alarm is working."
D) "We will place the monitor in the crib with our infant."

Question 27

An infant is having an anaphylactic reaction, and the nurse is preparing to administer epinephrine 0.001 mg/kg. The child weighs 22 pounds. What is the epinephrine dose the nurse should administer? (Record your answer using two decimal places.)

Question 28

Where do the lesions of atopic dermatitis (eczema) most commonly occur in the infant? (Select all that apply.)

A) Cheeks
B) Buttocks
C) Extensor surfaces of arms and legs
D) Back
E) Trunk
F) Scalp

Question 29

A school nurse observes a child, with a peanut allergy, in obvious distress, wheezing and cyanotic, after ingestion of some trail mix containing peanuts. Place the interventions the nurse should implement in order of the highest priority to the lowest priority. Provide answer using lowercase letters separated by commas (e.g., a, b, c, d).

A) Call Jason's parents and notify them of the situation.
B) Call Jason's family practitioner to obtain further orders for medication.
C) Promptly administer an intramuscular dose of epinephrine.
D) Call 911 and wait for the emergency response personnel to arrive.

Question 30

A nurse is conducting education classes for parents of infants. The nurse plans to discuss sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Which risk factors should the nurse include as increasing an infant's risk of a sudden infant death syndrome incident? (Select all that apply.)

A) Breastfeeding
B) Low Apgar scores
C) Male sex
D) Birth weight in the 50th or higher percentile
E) Recent viral illness

Question 31

After the introduction of the Back to Sleep campaign in 1992, an increased incidence has been noted of which of the following pediatric disorders? (Select all that apply.)

A) SIDS
B) Torticollis
C) Failure to thrive
D) Apnea of infancy
E) Plagiocephaly

Question 32

A nurse is preparing to feed a 12-month-old infant with failure to thrive. Which intervention should the nurse implement?

A) Provide stimulation during feeding.
B) Avoid being persistent during feeding time.
C) Limit feeding time to 10 minutes.
D) Maintain a face-to-face posture with the infant during feeding.