Deck 13: Parent-Child Relationships

Question 1

A family in which the decision-making includes input from everyone would most likely be one in which the parents hold values from which of the following perspectives?

A)patriarchal
B)matriarchal
C)feminist
D)child-centered

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Researchers have learned that the older a mother is when she has her first child,the:

A)more likely she is to praise her children
B)less affectionate she is to her children
C)more likely she is to be lenient with her children
D)more likely she is to use physical punishment

Answer 2

A

Question 3

From a developmental point of view,an important aspect of good family functioning includes:

A)parents who take their authority over the children seriously
B)parents and children who can agree
C)children who are obedient to their parents' authority
D)regular family counseling sessions

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Traditionally,interactions between father and child tend to be more _____ than those with mothers.

A)intimate
B)problem-solving
C)interpersonal
D)frequent

Question 5

The text points out that children need __________ to grow and mature.

A)well-educated parents
B)to have their needs met
C)constant love and attention
D)good role models

Question 6

Studies show that immigrant parents rate ________ as most important.

A)conformity to external standards
B)development of autonomous behavior
C)language skills
D)cognitive skills

Question 7

A family guided by feminist values would most likely:

A)be headed by a woman
B)teach children that women are superior to men
C)consider all family members to have equal status
D)include children in political rallies

Question 8

Research shows that traditionally,interactions between mother and child tend to be more _____ than those with fathers.

A)intimate and frequent
B)goal-oriented
C)problem-oriented
D)playful

Question 9

Researchers found that the younger a mother is at first birth,the more likely she is to:

A)praise her children
B)use physical punishment
C)show affection
D)be lenient

Question 10

The text suggests that one reason that child-rearing practices change over time because each generation:

A)learns from the mistakes of the one before
B)reacts to the practices of the generation that came before
C)is more intelligent and educated than the one before
D)develops its own ideas about what works best

Question 11

The text suggests that the best philosophy of parenting is the one that:

A)most psychologists and family experts endorse
B)has the most research behind it
C)produces the best relationship between parent and child
D)most experienced parents would agree with

Question 12

According to the text,researchers recognize that parents and children:

A)cannot expect to understand one another
B)can understand one another well enough to come to mutual agreements
C)do not have equal power in a family because of their different perspectives
D)can understand one another completely if they communicate well

Question 13

____ refers to the childrearing goal of helping a child grow into an adult who has a well-rounded character,who is disciplined,courteous,and well-mannered.

A)intergenerational stake
B)serendipity
C)Botho
D)autonomy

Question 14

Mr.and Mrs.Doe have spent many years and lots of energy rearing their children (now young adults); they emphasize continuity and feel very close to the "kids." On the other hand,Jane and John,Jr.focus on how different they are from mom and dad and want to be independent.This difference in perceptions and life course concerns is called:

A)intergenerational stake
B)generational disconnect
C)intergenerational shift
D)generation gap

Question 15

A feminist perspective might lead a family to:

A)put women's issues first when making decisions
B)espouse respect for authority and obedience
C)give the female members more rights than the males have
D)consider children's concerns to be equally important to the parents' concerns

Question 16

Researchers have discovered that families from different cultures have similar beliefs about:

A)the value of education
B)intelligence
C)the importance of family
D)material possessions

Question 17

Researchers have discovered that families from different cultures _______.

A)share many basic values
B)share very few basic values
C)have very different hopes and dreams for their families
D)have very different values about how important survival is

Question 18

Which of the following circumstances is likely to have the biggest negative impact on a parent's ability to parent well?

A)low socioeconomic status
B)no brothers or sisters growing up
C)lack of college education
D)both parents being employed

Question 19

Which is NOT characteristic of Native American values?

A)an orientation to the present
B)seeing human life in harmony with nature
C)an emphasis on cooperation
D)an emphasis on individualism
E)all are valued

Question 20

The text indicates that children need _________ to develop their intellectual potential.

A)smart and well-educated parents
B)a safe and stimulating environment
C)to go to preschool for at least a year
D)interaction with other children

Question 21

Home/family daycare is often chosen:

A)because it is typically less expensive than center-based care
B)because it offers flexible hours
C)because the parents want a home-like environment for their child
D)all of these
E)A and B

Question 22

Parents can meet the emotional needs of adolescents by:

A)allowing them to make more and more decisions as they are ready to do so
B)making and enforcing strict rules with regard to hair,clothing,language,music,etc.
C)allowing them to make all their decisions and learn from their mistakes

Question 23

The text points out that the PRIMARY way that parents influence their children's decisions about completing school is by:

A)providing big incentives to do so
B)holding up an older sibling as an example
C)threatening to disinherit them if they do not
D)being highly educated themselves

Question 24

According to the text,children learn trust from:

A)being taught right from wrong
B)parents who have a close relationship
C)forming friendships with other children
D)knowing their needs will be met

Question 25

At what age do babies generally utter their first word?

A)9 months
B)12 months
C)18 months
D)24 months

Question 26

Research shows that providing children with ________ is the MOST important thing that parents can do to help children develop their intellectual potential.

A)a stimulating environment
B)early childhood education
C)emotional security
D)lots of books

Question 27

A conclusion that can logically be drawn from the text's discussion is that the attachment that babies develop to their parents:

A)is the foundation of all their future relationships
B)is important in childhood but wanes at the young adult years
C)can be unhealthy if it is too strong
D)also is formed with numerous other people

Question 28

According to Bronfenbrenner and the text,it is _____ who teach values such as cooperation and responsibility to children.

A)adults
B)peers
C)the media

Question 29

Autonomy is most synonymous with:

A)identity
B)cognition
C)independence
D)serendipity
E)empathy

Question 30

The psychosocial task during the teenage years is to develop a sense of:

A)autonomy
B)identity
C)competence
D)attachment

Question 31

Which is most important in determining the effect of childcare on children?

A)quality of childcare
B)quantity of childcare (how many hours/day or week)
C)both

Question 32

The text points out that young children get their intellectual needs met primarily through:

A)attending preschool
B)television and books
C)parents
D)brain maturation

Question 33

According to the text,much of the frustration and anger of toddlers (seen as a defiant,"NO!" or a tantrum,for example)is the result of:

A)the child's need to develop a sense of identity
B)the child's need to develop a sense of autonomy
C)intergenerational stake
D)poor parenting
E)C and D

Question 34

Cultures teach children appropriate behavior primarily through ________.

A)families
B)schools
C)the media
D)the peer group

Question 35

_____ is the act of becoming acquainted with the world and the objects,people,and conditions in it.

A)Botho
B)acculturation
C)serendipity
D)cognition

Question 36

According to Erikson,__________ is an important emotional need of children beginning at about 18 months and continuing for another 2 years.

A)autonomy
B)trust
C)integrity
D)ego identity

Question 37

The process by which people learn the ways of society so that they can function within it is:

A)socialization
B)internalization
C)education
D)adaptation

Question 38

Children PRIMARILY need ________ to develop their language skills.

A)lots of books available
B)to hear different languages spoken
C)to be talked to frequently and lovingly
D)to listen to people talking to one another

Question 39

Head Start is a federally funded program offering:

A)day care to underprivileged children
B)early intervention on a number of levels to middle-class children
C)early education and nutrition to children of low-income families
D)health care to children of low-income families

Question 40

According to the text,discipline means:

A)punishment for wrongdoing
B)correcting misbehavior
C)teaching appropriate behavior
D)controlling behavior

Question 41

Cruel and severe punishment can:

A)be productive if it accomplishes its purpose
B)help children gain self-control
C)stimulate children to behave cruelly
D)sensitize the conscience

Question 42

Children start developing their emotional need for autonomy at about 9 months,and that need is foremost for the next 5 years.

Question 43

Child-rearing philosophies remain the same from one generation to the next.

Question 44

Studies find that the older a mother is when she has her first child,the more likely she is to give praise and physical affection to her child.

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT considered good discipline because of its effect on children?

A)Using both rewards and punishments
B)Using discipline in the context of a loving relationship
C)Using withdrawal of love
D)Using external controls

Question 46

A study found that U.S.-born parents and immigrant parents shared similar ideas about what was most important for their children's intellectual development.

Question 47

Research suggests that corporal punishment increases the risk of physical abuse.

Question 48

In general,researchers have found that speed in infant language development is virtually uninfluenced by environment and relationships with parents.

Question 49

The text states that the ultimate goal of discipline is

A)to punish
B)to sensitize the conscience
C)to control
D)to help build autonomy

Question 50

Securely attached infants have been found to have mothers who respond quickly to their needs.

Question 51

Which parenting style is most damaging to children's development?

A)authoritarian
B)authoritative
C)permissive - indulgent
D)permissive - indifferent
E)none is seriously damaging

Question 52

Children who are environmentally deprived do much more poorly on IQ tests than children who receive stimulation.

Question 53

Authoritative parents are those who _________.

A)strictly enforce their own authority
B)set and enforce firm limits (but are willing to discuss them)
C)allow children to set their own limits
D)use the judgment of experts in disciplining their children

Question 54

The use of physical force with the intention of causing pain but not injury for the purpose of correction or control:

A)defines corporal punishment
B)is illegal in every state of the United States
C)is employed by less than 10 percent of parents
D)is employed by about 10 percent of parents on toddlers

Question 55

One study found that U.S.-born parents favored autonomy as most important for intellectual development.

Question 56

One conclusion that can be drawn from the research on corporal punishment is that,when compared to children who are not spanked,children who are spanked:

A)do better in school
B)behave better
C)earn less money as adults
D)have a less well-developed conscience

Question 57

The most effective discipline,as opposed to punishment,is that which:

A)is strong and immediate
B)matches the seriousness of the infraction
C)provides appropriate expectations for behavior
D)is mild

Question 58

Researchers point out that use of corporal punishment teaches children that _____.

A)misbehavior will not be tolerated
B)punishment is the consequence of misbehavior
C)violence is sometimes justified
D)some violence is just discipline

Question 59

_____ parents have definite rules and expectations and enforce them.They also expect unquestioning obedience from their children.

A)authoritarian
B)authoritative
C)democratic
D)Indifferent

Question 60

Mr.and Mrs.Smith love their son and are affectionate and supportive.However,they rarely force him to follow rules or meet their expectations.Their parenting style is:

A)authoritarian
B)authoritative
C)permissive - indulgent
D)permissive - indifferent

Question 61

Discuss the theory of the Head Start program as it relates to cultural deprivation of children.

Question 62

Identify the five categories of children's needs that require parental attention for fulfillment.Give examples of specific needs within each category.

Question 63

Identify three ways in which parents serve as models for and definers of their children's educational aspirations and attainment.

Question 64

In order to be most effective,discipline needs to be very strict and enforced often.

Question 65

Contrast the behavior of children who are not spanked to that of children who are spanked.

Question 66

Discuss the relationship between child-care quality and children's social and cognitive development.

Question 67

Studies of family relationships across several generations have failed to document any significant relationship between childhood attachment style and later intimate relationships.

Question 68

What are two ways in which parents can assist in their children's cognitive development?

Question 69

Children reared by indulgent parents are often impulsive and domineering.

Question 70

According to the text,the purpose of discipline is punishment.

Question 71

Grandparents and other relatives are often chosen to provide childcare for infants and toddlers.

Question 72

If childcare is of high quality,a child benefits by spending as much time as possible in care.

Question 73

Discuss the shift from "developmental shift theory" to "intergenerational stake" in terms of family perception of closeness.

Question 74

Most formal childcare in the U.S.is excellent in quality.

Question 75

How do life circumstances affect the way parents relate to their children?

Question 76

Discuss guidelines to make discipline most effective.

Question 77

Compare and contrast authoritative,authoritarian,permissive/indulgent and indifferent styles of parenting.