Deck 9: Power, decision Making, and Communication

Question 1

Which theoretical framework,used to explain the need for power,asserts that the patriarchal hierarchy in families allows the use of male-female violence as a way of maintaining male power within the marriage?

A)attachment theory
B)social control theory
C)feminist theory
D)patriarchal theory

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A 1999 study showed that women who were the breadwinners in a family felt _____.

A)they had more power in the family than the men
B)they were not doing enough around the house
C)they deserved more power because they made more money
D)resentment that their husbands were not supporting the family so they could stay home

Answer 2

B

Question 3

According to social control theory,using power (or violence)as a response to an upsetting behavior by another serves all EXCEPT which of the following functions?

A)an expression of anger congruent with the triggering event
B)a means to manage conflict in a relationship
C)an expression of grievances
D)a form of social control

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Withholding sex is a way of using _____ power to control another person.

A)physical
B)persuasive
C)psychological
D)gender

Question 5

Which of the following personality characteristics is likely to give people the most power in a relationship?

A)kindness
B)high self-esteem
C)aggressiveness
D)motivation to control

Question 6

Which of the following does your text say to be true regarding the exercise of power?

A)People who exercise power live a life of conflict.
B)People can find fulfillment without having to exercise power over others.
C)Without some personal power,it's difficult to survive as an independent individual.
D)It's unhealthy for children to try to influence their parents

Question 7

Power in intimate relationships refers to:

A)the ability to influence other family members to get what one wants
B)the influence that families have in society
C)how strong a relationship is when stressful situations occur
D)how much authority parents have over their children and each other

Question 8

According to _____ theory,the use of power or violence is a response to an upsetting behavior by others.

A)social control theory
B)attachment theory
C)feminist theory
D)patriarchal theory

Question 9

______ power can be said to be used by the person who knows more about a particular issue.

A)expert
B)informational
C)presumed competence
D)primary interest

Question 10

A person who has a superior education has:

A)expert power
B)informational power
C)presumed competence power.
D)resource power

Question 11

According to _____ theory,those who control valued resources needed by other family members hold power over them.

A)socialization
B)social exchange
C)resource
D)marital power

Question 12

According to the text,legitimate power can be said to refer to power that ______.

A)gets us what we wanted
B)is lawful
C)is bestowed by society as our right
D)doesn't hurt anyone else

Question 13

The power bestowed by society on men and women as their right according to social prescription is called

A)legitimate power
B)legal power
C)economic power
D)social power

Question 14

Research shows that contemporary Black families are more _____ White couples.

A)matriarchal
B)patriarchal
C)traditional
D)egalitarian

Question 15

Our families of origin _______ how we exercise power.

A)determine
B)dictate
C)have little control over
D)teach us

Question 16

In a study examining men's ideas about the woman's place in the family,the belief that women preferred to stay at home and that the woman's career was secondary to her job as a wife and mother was held by:

A)traditional men
B)a transitional group of men
C)liberal male respondents
D)an intermediate group of men

Question 17

The first power base from which the child learns to function is the

A)school
B)playground
C)neighborhood
D)family of origin

Question 18

Which theory says that the person who is most interested and involved with a particular choice and most qualified to make a particular decision is the one most likely to do so?

A)socialization
B)social exchange
C)primary interest and presumed competence
D)resource

Question 19

According to the text,the need to have power over other people is:

A)a healthy expression of societal and family power
B)a compensation for inner insecurities
C)a construct of social control theory
D)natural as long as no one gets hurt

Question 20

What best describes one relationship between personality and power?

A)People with low self-esteem are incapable of exerting influence over others.
B)The younger spouse typically exerts influence over the older one when there is a large age difference.
C)Those who are most motivated often gain the most power.
D)Personality differences have no influence on power.

Question 21

Couples who interact in an anarchic fashion do so because _____.

A)neither particularly cares who makes the decisions
B)each is trying to exert his/her own power and resist the other's
C)neither person wants the responsibility for making decisions
D)they each fear confrontation and so they avoid arguments

Question 22

The text points out that power tactics likely to increase the quality of relationships include:

A)persuading
B)bargaining and negotiating
C)being nice
D)discussion and explaining
E)B and D

Question 23

One way children exercise power in a family is by ______.

A)screaming,yelling,and throwing fits
B)threatening to run away
C)getting parents to disagree
D)being obedient and loving

Question 24

Therapy appears to be more successful for ______ couples than for couples with other power patterns.

A)male-dominated
B)female-dominated
C)egalitarian
D)anarchic

Question 25

Which power tactic involves "quid pro quo"?

A)persuasion
B)bargaining
C)discussion
D)rationalization

Question 26

Power processes could be said to be ______.

A)what happens in an interaction between two people
B)tactics for getting others to do what we want them to
C)the ways that people use the power they have
D)constructs that describe where people get their power

Question 27

The ability to make important decisions that determine life-styles and other major features of the family is called _______ power.

A)implementation
B)bargaining
C)orchestration
D)psychological

Question 28

In a/an __________ marital power pattern,both the husband and the wife have power but have no agreement as to how decisions will be made.

A)egalitarian
B)anarchic
C)pluralistic
D)mutually satisfying

Question 29

According to __________ theory,those with the greatest love and emotional needs have the least power.

A)socialization
B)social exchange
C)primary interest and presumed competence
D)resource

Question 30

A woman in a female-dominated relationship may be demanding because she wants:

A)her spouse to take on more leadership and authority
B)a spouse who is more equal
C)more control over the material resources of the family
D)her spouse to do everything the way she wants it done

Question 31

One power tactic that helps to build better relationships is:

A)being helpless or dependent
B)gaslighting
C)bargaining and negotiation
D)overprotecting

Question 32

According to the text,the two basic ways that people exert the power they have is by either ______ or ______.

A)making decisions; carrying out decisions
B)bargaining; negotiating
C)forcing compliance; backing down
D)equalizing power; controlling the other person

Question 33

According to the text,one power tactic that can EITHER build or damage a relationship is:

A)persuading
B)acting helpless so the other person feels powerful
C)bargaining with the other person
D)explaining why you want what you are asking for

Question 34

Research shows that minor violence is least likely to occur in ______ marital relationships.

A)female-dominated
B)male-dominated
C)egalitarian
D)anarchic

Question 35

Studies of the relationship between power and marriage satisfaction have consistently shown that female-dominant couples are,on the whole:

A)the most satisfied of all couples.
B)less satisfied than egalitarian,but not male-dominant couples.
C)less satisfied than male-dominant,but not egalitarian,couples.
D)less satisfied than egalitarian or male-dominant couples.

Question 36

Marital power patterns have been divided into four types.Which of the following is NOT one of these?

A)egalitarian
B)male-dominant
C)coercive
D)anarchic

Question 37

Men who have to rely on their _____ for power try to limit the ______ of those they want power over.

A)partners; intelligence
B)self-esteem; physical strength
C)physical strength; alternatives
D)life circumstances; intelligence

Question 38

Research shows that the highest level of marital satisfaction is reported by couples who use a/an _____ pattern of interaction with one another.

A)female-dominated
B)male-dominated
C)egalitarian
D)anarchic

Question 39

The power pattern that is most likely to lead to an unhappy marriage is _____.

A)female-dominated
B)male-dominated
C)egalitarian
D)anarchic

Question 40

The threat of physical force or other types of punishment to force compliance is referred to as:

A)egalitarian power
B)coercive power
C)expert power
D)legitimate power

Question 41

The more we need someone's affection,the _____ power we have.

A)more
B)less

Question 42

Which of the following exemplifies a situational barrier to communication?

A)interaction influenced by the proximity of people to each other
B)fear of rejection
C)a much older spouse and much younger spouse having difficulty in relating to each other
D)greater closeness felt during wife's pregnancy but not after

Question 43

A pattern of interaction that appears legitimate but that actually has an ulterior motive is:

A)orchestration power
B)implementation power
C)diplomatic power
D)a psychological game

Question 44

Which psychological game is involved with blaming others instead of accepting responsibility oneself?

A)blackmailing
B)criticizing
C)gaslighting
D)scapegoating

Question 45

In conversations,men are more likely than women to express:

A)their anger
B)facts
C)helpful suggestions
D)feelings

Question 46

Research comparing distressed and non-distressed couples found that distressed couples:

A)had the same communication skills level as non-distressed couples
B)had fewer communication skills than non-distressed couples
C)used communication skills with more negative intentions and ill will
D)B and C
E)A and C

Question 47

According to exchange theorists,satisfaction in marriage hinges on:

A)exchanging control for harmony
B)improving one's own capacities
C)the perception of fairness or equity
D)the woman's struggle to get out from under domination by men

Question 48

Which power tactic is involved with one person's attempting to destroy the self-confidence,perceptions,and sense of reality of another person?

A)blackmailing
B)criticizing
C)gaslighting
D)scapegoating

Question 49

In conversations,women are more likely than men to focus on:

A)their anger
B)facts
C)helpful suggestions
D)relationships and interactions

Question 50

In general,close physical proximity in housing or living space is associated with:

A)less intimate relationships
B)more intimate relationships
C)neither more nor less intimacy
D)decreased self disclosure

Question 51

When someone uses his/her power to decrease the power of the other person,this power tactic is:

A)gaslighting
B)destructive
C)constructive
D)punishing

Question 52

The type of communication that involves inconsistency between words and actions is referred to as:

A)double-bind communication
B)body language
C)symbolic communication
D)cross-purposes communication

Question 53

Which of the following is true of psychological games?

A)They tend to prevent true intimacy.
B)They are obstacles to clear communication.
C)They tend to be an obstacle to conflict resolution.
D)all of these are true
E)B and C only

Question 54

Having an excessive or unbalanced need for control can cause:

A)anxiety
B)stress
C)conflict
D)all of these
E)B and C

Question 55

Which type of barrier to communication is considered to be the most important?

A)physical and environmental
B)situational
C)cultural
D)psychological

Question 56

Psychological games are used for which of the following reasons:

A)lack of trust
B)fear
C)desire to avoid responsibility
D)all of these
E)A and B

Question 57

In a study of the preferences and habits of college students from over 100 universities,which were among the 2 most popular activities on campus?

A)football games
B)text messaging
C)Facebook communications
D)A and B
E)B and C

Question 58

A person playing the jealous game:

A)demands all the time and attention of the partner/victim
B)frequently monitors the activities of the partner/victim closely
C)often isolates the partner/victim from family and friends
D)all of these
E)B and C

Question 59

The use of indirect messages,hints,or talking around an issue is an example of which of the following psychological games:

A)wooden leg
B)corner
C)camouflage
D)martyr
E)scapegoating

Question 60

Which of the following principles can be helpful in coping positively with the need for control?

A)practice acceptance and trust
B)develop patience
C)focus on the other person's behavior
D)all of these
E)B and C

Question 61

Which of the following is an important principle for improving communication?

A)take time for communication
B)be empathic
C)give feedback
D)listen
E)all of these

Question 62

High rates of satisfaction have been found in female-dominant relationships.

Question 63

In the study of families in which the men made more money than the women,and of families in which the women earned more,none of the men who were employed full-time in either group did more than half of the domestic labor.

Question 64

Power in intimate relationships is defined as the ability to influence one's partner to get what one wants.

Question 65

Power bestowed by society on men and women as their right according to social prescriptions is referred to as intimate power.

Question 66

_____ is the ability to identify with the emotional state of another person.It is motivated by genuine concern for another.

A)empathy
B)sympathy
C)clarity
D)acceptance

Question 67

Anarchic couples exhibit less negative behavior than either male-or-female-dominant couples.

Question 68

Educated,middle-class ideology in the United States emphasizes a patriarchal exercise of family power.

Question 69

In communication patterns,women are more likely to:

A)come to the bottom line quickly
B)communicate in a nurturing and supportive way
C)use little nonverbal communication
D)all of these
E)A and C

Question 70

Building up hopes and shattering them for no acceptable reason is an example of gaslighting.

Question 71

Those with the greatest relational power also report higher levels of self-esteem.

Question 72

In conversations,men are more likely to:

A)engage in the silent style of communication
B)be more concerned about putting their best argument forward
C)express anger and contempt
D)all of these
E)B and C

Question 73

In general,couples in which both people are high revealers are more compatible than are couples in which both are low revealers or pairs that differ in the level of disclosure.

Question 74

Implementation power is the power to make the important decisions that determine family lifestyles and the major characteristics and features of the family.

Question 75

Paraphrasing the other person's statement,asking questions,and giving one's own input are referred to as:

A)echoing
B)copying
C)self-disclosure
D)feedback

Question 76

A person who feels significant others have abandoned him/her in the past and who keeps pushing the limits to see how much bad behavior and stress the partner/victim will endure is playing which psychological game?

A)Hard to Get
B)Sweetheart
C)Prove Your Love for Me
D)It's Your Decision
E)Wooden Leg

Question 77

Compared to low revealers,high revealers are:

A)less prone to disclose intimate facets of their personalities
B)likely to reveal intimate facets of their personalities early in the relationship
C)not able to accurately assess the intimate attitudes and values of their friends
D)less rational

Question 78

When couples continually quarrel over the same thing,it may be because they are struggling with underlying issues of ________.

A)control and domination
B)intimacy and sharing
C)intimacy and control
D)sharing and domination

Question 79

According to social exchange theory,the partner with the greater love and emotional needs tends to have the greater power.

Question 80

Seeing the problem as a difficulty the couple is having,rather than as something one partner does to the other is a good guideline to follow for arguing constructively.