Deck 15: Assisting in Gastroenterology

Question 1

The absorption of nutrients is the primary role of the

A) stomach.
B) villi.
C) large intestine.
D) duodenum.

Answer 1

villi.

Question 2

A patient reporting abdominal pain points to the area of the stomach;what would you note in the chart to indicate this location?

A) LLQ
B) LUQ
C) RLQ
D) RUQ

Answer 2

LUQ

Question 3

The condition of having gallstones is called

A) cholelithiasis.
B) cholecystitis.
C) cholecystogram.
D) cholecystectomy.

Answer 3

cholelithiasis.

Question 4

Which anatomic structure is at the distal end of the gastric mucosa?

A) Esophagus
B) Cardiac sphincter
C) Jejunum
D) Pyloric sphincter

Question 5

The first part of the small intestine,where food enters from the stomach,is the

A) cecum.
B) duodenum.
C) jejunum.
D) ileum.

Question 6

Blood vessels that surround the villi of the small intestine carry absorbed materials through the portal circulation to which organ?

A) Heart
B) Kidneys
C) Brain
D) Liver

Question 7

Diverticulitis,pancreatitis,and pyloric stenosis are disorders of which body system?

A) Respiratory system
B) Reproductive system
C) Urinary system
D) Digestive system

Question 8

You are responsible for conducting patient education in preparation for a three-time stool collection for occult blood.What foods should the patient avoid?

A) Red meat
B) Dairy products
C) Canned vegetables
D) Caffeine

Question 9

Patients who have undergone bariatric surgery may have which of the following complications if they return to a diet high in simple sugars?

A) GERD
B) Diverticulitis
C) Dumping syndrome
D) Crohn's disease

Question 10

The most common procedure or treatment for food poisoning is to

A) induce vomiting.
B) prevent dehydration.
C) give an antidote.
D) assess for damage of the intestinal lining.

Question 11

Pouches or tunnels in the large intestine that can trap seeds are called

A) Crohn's disease.
B) duodenal ulcers.
C) diverticuli.
D) diverticulitis.

Question 12

Peptic ulcers caused by H.pylori bacteria are treated with which of the following medications?

A) Antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors
B) NSAIDs
C) Prednisone
D) Antiemetics and antibiotics

Question 13

Constipation can be treated with

A) a low-fiber diet.
B) a bland diet.
C) a BRAT diet.
D) water.

Question 14

Helicobacter pylori infection has been discovered to be a possible cause of

A) cold sores.
B) food poisoning.
C) colitis.
D) stomach ulcers.

Question 15

Which of the following is not a part of the colon?

A) Ileum
B) Cecum
C) Splenic flexure
D) Sigmoid

Question 16

If the result of occult blood screening is positive,the patient

A) has a serious condition that demands immediate medical attention.
B) has tested positive for cancer of the lower intestinal tract.
C) should have further tests to determine the cause.
D) has a large amount of blood leaving the body during elimination.

Question 17

The muscular action that moves food along the gastrointestinal tract is called

A) ingestion.
B) digestion.
C) peristalsis.
D) mastication.

Question 18

Colon cancer can be visualized during a(n)

A) EGD.
B) colonoscopy.
C) barium enema.
D) CT scan.

Question 19

To which specialist would a patient most likely be referred if a routine physical examination revealed an abnormality in the lower portion of the descending colon?

A) Internist
B) Gastroenterologist
C) Oncologist
D) Pathologist

Question 20

Sclerotherapy is the treatment of choice for which of the following disorders?

A) Inguinal hernia
B) Gangrenous areas of the intestine
C) Hemorrhoids
D) Cancer of the liver

Question 21

All age groups can be diagnosed with GERD;however,it is seen most frequently in adults and is associated with which of the following?

A) Smoking
B) Pregnancy
C) Overweight
D) Alcohol use
E) All of the above

Question 22

Which of the following types of infectious hepatitis is(are)transferred via blood and body fluids?

A) HAV
B) HBV
C) HEV
D) A and C

Question 23

__________ occurs with an increased amount of pressure in the circulatory system.

Question 24

Malabsorption problems are expected in patients after weight loss surgery because of which of the following?

A) Patients stop eating nutritious food.
B) The duodenum is bypassed,so nutrients are not completely broken down.
C) Vitamin supplements cannot be absorbed.
D) GERD develops.

Question 25

Which of the following is(are)categorized as proton pump inhibitors?

A) Nexium
B) Tagamet
C) Prevacid
D) A and C

Question 26

Patients with which of the following must be monitored for possible chronic hepatitis and the development of a carrier state?

A) Hepatitis B
B) Hepatitis C
C) Hepatitis D
D) All of the above

Question 27

The incubation period for Escherichia coli foodborne illness is typically

A) 4-6 hours.
B) 24-72 hours.
C) 8-48 hours.
D) 2-4 days.
E) 12-36 hours.

Question 28

The appendix is located in the __________ region of the abdomen.

Question 29

Patients with diverticulosis are encouraged to avoid which of the following?

A) A diet high in roughage
B) Gluten products
C) Foods with kernels or seeds
D) A diet high in sugar or salt

Question 30

Signs and symptoms of which of the following diseases include loose,semi-formed stool;melena if the ulcers break through blood vessels;pain or tenderness in the right lower quadrant;anorexia;weight loss;anemia;and fatigue?

A) Ulcerative colitis
B) Crohn's disease
C) Appendicitis
D) Irritable bowel syndrome

Question 31

In digestion,which of the following is secreted in the stomach and begins the digestion of protein?

A) Amylase
B) Pepsinogen
C) Intrinsic factor
D) Bile

Question 32

Seven days before an occult blood stool test,the patient should do which of the following?

A) Stop taking aspirin and NSAIDs
B) Not take any more than 250 mg of vitamin C a day
C) Not eat red meat
D) Not eat raw fruits and vegetables
E) All of the above

Question 33

The gallbladder is located in the __________ of the abdomen.

Question 34

Characteristics of which of the following include weight loss,jaundice,and is usually advanced when diagnosed?

A) Liver cancer
B) Pancreatic cancer
C) Colorectal cancer
D) Gastric cancer

Question 35

The most common site for pain associated with irritable bowel syndrome is

A) left lower quadrant.
B) right lower quadrant.
C) left upper quadrant.
D) right upper quadrant.

Question 36

Which of the following best describes a protrusion of the stomach through the esophageal opening?

A) Hiatal hernia
B) Sliding hiatal hernia
C) Paraesophageal hiatal hernia
D) None of the above

Question 37

Which of the following diseases is often asymptomatic and discovered during a routine x-ray?

A) Gallstones
B) Cirrhosis
C) Hernia
D) Diverticular disease

Question 38

Day care workers and clients,institutionalized residents,and individuals traveling to infected areas are considered high risk for which of the following?

A) Hepatitis A
B) Hepatitis B
C) Hepatitis C
D) All of the above

Question 39

Ulcerative colitis differs from Crohn's disease in what way?

A) It cannot be cured by surgery.
B) The disease typically recurs at the site of a previous ulcer.
C) Scar tissue at the site may cause a bowel obstruction.
D) Ulcers form on the surface of the colon,starting in the rectum and spreading proximally.

Question 40

All of the following are symptoms of Crohn's disease except

A) diaphoresis.
B) melena.
C) diarrhea.
D) anorexia.

Question 41

__________ is the wavelike,muscular movement of substances through the GI tract.

Question 42

__________ is a malabsorption syndrome caused by an inherited defect in the patient's ability to metabolize gluten.

Question 43

A disease or condition that is specific to a particular geographic location is said to be __________ to that region.

Question 44

Endemic disease is widespread in a particular geographic area.

Question 45

Hepatitis carriers can be asymptomatic but infectious.

Question 46

Hepatitis can be caused only by infection.

Question 47

Advanced cirrhosis of the liver can lead to portal hypertension.

Question 48

Chronic viral hepatitis can occur with hepatitis B,C,and D.

Question 49

__________ are varicose veins of the anus and rectum.

Question 50

The hepatitis A virus is transmitted through contaminated blood and body fluids.

Question 51

Congenital __________,which typically is seen in first-born male infants,causes a problem with narrowing at the distal end of the stomach.

Question 52

The surgical joining together of two normally distinct organs,such as connecting the stomach to the ileum,is called a(n)__________.

Question 53

The hepatitis B vaccine is given in four doses 6 months apart.

Question 54

The medical term for enlargement of the liver is __________.

Question 55

The acronym GERD stands for __________.

Question 56

Any disorder or enlargement of the lymph nodes is called __________.

Question 57

A hard,impacted mass of feces in the colon is called a(n)__________.

Question 58

__________ is the medical term for a muscular ring at the distal end of the stomach that separates the stomach from the duodenum of the small intestine.

Question 59

Regional ileitis is also known as __________.

Question 60

The four abdominal quadrants and nine regions are used routinely to describe and document GI complaints,signs,and symptoms.List the four abdominal quadrants and name at least one organ located in each.Also name the nine regions.

Question 61

Polyps are caused by herniations of the lining of the colon and are associated with chronic constipation.

Question 62

Crohn's disease can be cured surgically.

Question 63

Diverticuli of the colon are considered precancerous.

Question 64

A very serious type of infectious hepatitis for pregnant women is hepatitis G.

Question 65

Acute appendicitis frequently is caused by an impacted fecalith.

Question 66

Ascites is associated with patients who have chronic kidney disease.

Question 67

Patients who have had bariatric surgery need routine injections of vitamin B₁₂.

Question 68

Dietary restrictions for the collection of an occult stool sample should be followed for 72 hours before the specimen is collected.

Question 69

Ulcerative colitis frequently is described as regional ileitis,because the ulcers typically are restricted to the ileum.

Question 70

A patient who has anorexia has lost the appetite for food.

Question 71

Ulcerative colitis causes localized ulcer formation in the colon.

Question 72

IBS is most frequently diagnosed in young women.

Question 73

One of the signs of a suspected peptic ulcer is a drop in hemoglobin.

Question 74

Hemorrhoids are the enlargement of veins either internally or externally in the rectal area.

Question 75

A possible complication of Crohn's disease is the development of fistulas between the original location of the ulcer and a nearby organ.

Question 76

Individuals who work in day care settings are at greater risk of becoming infected with hepatitis A because of its route of transmission.

Question 77

Imodium is an antiemetic that may be prescribed for a patient with food poisoning.

Question 78

OSHA requires employers to make the hepatitis B vaccine available to employees at a reduced price.

Question 79

A patient whose stool tests positive for occult blood will also complain of hematemesis.

Question 80

The most frequently used position for patients undergoing a sigmoidoscopy procedure in the physician's office is the knee-chest position.