Deck 5: Microbial Biotechnology

Question 1

Gardasil is a subunit vaccine designed to protect women from ________.

A) hepatitis
B) AIDS
C) human papillomavirus
D) influenza
E) measles

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Streptoymces erythraeus is the bacterial source of which antibiotic?

A) Penicillin
B) Streptomycin
C) Erythromycin
D) Bacitracin
E) Ampicillin

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The use of a brief electrical shock to introduce DNA into bacterial cells is called ________.

A) gene therapy
B) electroporation
C) electrophoresis
D) electrocution
E) chromatography

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which by-product of alcohol fermentation causes bread dough to rise and creates bubbles in champagne?

A) NAD+
B) NADH
C) Ethanol
D) Carbon dioxide
E) Oxygen

Question 5

The DNA fingerprinting network created by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for identifying outbreaks of microbes in contaminated foods is called ________.

A) BioLink
B) Biosensor
C) RFLP
D) Ag-biotech
E) PulseNet

Question 6

The antibiotic penicillin is isolated from ________.

A) B. subtilis
B) E. coli
C) T. aquaticus
D) P. notatum
E) S. erythraeus

Question 7

During calcium chloride transformation of bacteria, during which step does plasmid DNA enter the bacterial cells?

A) Brief incubation with CaCl2 on ice
B) Brief electric shock following treatment with CaCl2
C) Selection on antibiotic plates
D) Brief incubation at 42°C
E) None of these choices

Question 8

Spherical bacteria are called ________.

A) archaebacteria
B) eukaryotes
C) cocci
D) bacilli
E) None of these choices

Question 9

Rod-shaped bacteria such as Escherichia coli are called ________ based on the shape of the cells.

A) bacilli
B) cocci
C) gram positive
D) thermophiles
E) anaerobes

Question 10

The uptake of foreign DNA into bacterial cells is called ________.

A) translation
B) transcription
C) transgenesis
D) transfection
E) transformation

Question 11

The antibiotic bacitracin is isolated from ________.

A) B. subtilis
B) E. coli
C) T. aquaticus
D) P. notatum
E) S. erythraeus

Question 12

Ethanol fermenting microbes reduce ________ into ethanol.

A) glucose
B) pyruvate
C) NADH
D) NAD+
E) lactate

Question 13

Which type of vaccine involves using a weakened pathogen incapable of replicating?

A) Subunit vaccines
B) Attenuated vaccines
C) Inactivated vaccines
D) DNA vaccines
E) None of these choices

Question 14

Which of the following is a native protein isolated from bacteria and used to soften cotton fibers in jeans and other clothes?

A) Cellulase
B) Amylase
C) Chymosin
D) Penicillin
E) Polymerase

Question 15

Which of the following is a native protein isolated from bacteria and used to digest starches?

A) Cellulase
B) Amylase
C) Chymosin
D) Penicillin
E) Polymerase

Question 16

Peptidoglycan in the cell wall of a bacterial cell is determined by ________.

A) a Southern blot
B) an ELISA
C) a screen with a probe
D) a Gram stain
E) None of the above

Question 17

Which of the following is not an example of antibody action?

A) Neutralization
B) Inflammation
C) Agglutination
D) Sterilization
E) Complement activation

Question 18

The vaccine for which of these pathogens is an inactivated vaccine?

A) Hepatitis
B) Human papillomavirus
C) Influenza
D) MMR
E) Chicken pox

Question 19

Antibody-producing cells in humans are called ________.

A) macrophages
B) plasma cells
C) T cells
D) NK cells
E) hybridoma cells

Question 20

Baker's yeast or ________ are ethanol-fermenting yeasts commonly used when making bread and pizza dough.

A) Lactobacillus delbrueckii
B) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
C) Thermus aquaticus
D) Streptococcus thermophilus
E) Aspergillus niger

Question 21

Why is it important to sequence bacterial genomes?

Question 22

Define microbial diagnostics. Name one example of a technique used in microbial diagnostics.

Question 23

Yeast can grow ________.

A) under aerobic conditions only
B) under anaerobic conditions only
C) under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions
D) only in the presence of glucose and aerobically
E) only in the presence of lactose and anaerobically

Question 24

Which of the following recombinant therapeutic proteins, produced in bacterial cells, is used to treat a clotting disorder?

A) Erythropoietin
B) Superoxide dismutase
C) Insulin
D) tPA
E) Factor VIII

Question 25

Which of the following methods or steps has NOT been shown to allow DNA to enter cells?

A) Electroporation
B) Transformation
C) Heat shocking of cells at 42ºC
D) CaCl2 treatment of cells
E) Restriction DNA analysis

Question 26

Describe how yeast differs from bacteria, and describe the roles of yeast in at least two important biotechnology applications.

Question 27

Which of the following recombinant therapeutic proteins, produced in bacterial cells, is used to treat blood cancers?

A) Erythropoietin
B) Interferon
C) Insulin
D) tPA
E) Growth hormone

Question 28

Name and very briefly describe the three strategies for making vaccines.

Question 29

Which of the following recombinant therapeutic proteins, produced in bacterial cells, is used to treat patients after a heart attack or stroke?

A) Erythropoietin
B) Interferon
C) Insulin
D) tPA
E) Growth hormone