Deck 2: An Introduction to Genes and Genomes

Question 1

Synthesis of a protein from an mRNA molecule is called ________.

A) transcription
B) translation
C) transformation
D) polymerization
E) polyadenylation

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Nonprotein coding pieces of pre-mRNA that are removed during RNA splicing are called ________.

A) introns
B) exons
C) SNPs
D) promoters
E) poly(A) tails

Answer 2

A

Question 3

________ is the enzyme that copies DNA during DNA replication. Thermostabile forms of this enzyme are essential for PCR.

A) RNA polymerase
B) DNA ligase
C) DNA polymerase
D) RNA primase
E) DNA helicase

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is a structural feature of DNA but not RNA?

A) Single-stranded
B) Containing the nitrogenous base adenine
C) Containing phosphate groups
D) Containing deoxyribose sugars
E) Containing the nitrogenous base uracil

Question 5

Which of the following sequences is most commonly found at eukaryotic promoters?

A) TATAAT
B) Poly(A) tail
C) 7-methyl G cap
D) 5'-GU . . . AG-3'
E) Shine-Dalgarno sequence

Question 6

What is synthesis of RNA from a DNA template called?

A) Transformation
B) Reverse transcription
C) Transcription
D) Translation
E) None of these choices

Question 7

Which of the following is the typical start codon in most mRNA molecules?

A) UGA
B) AUG
C) AAA
D) GAA
E) CAG

Question 8

The complementary base that hydrogen bonds with thymine in a DNA double helix is ________.

A) uracil
B) thymine
C) guanine
D) adenine
E) cytosine

Question 9

Which type of point mutation creates a stop codon in a gene?

A) Nonsense
B) Frameshift
C) Silent
D) Missense
E) None of these choices

Question 10

In a nucleotide of DNA, which carbon of the deoxyribose sugar binds to the base?

A) 1'
B) 2'
C) 3'
D) 4'
E) 5'

Question 11

________ bind to mRNA and tRNA during translation and allow for polypeptides to be synthesized.

A) Chloroplasts
B) Ribosomes
C) Nuclei
D) RNA polymerases
E) Chromosomes

Question 12

Which type of base-pair substitution mutation has no effect on the amino acid sequence of a protein?

A) Missense mutation
B) Nonsense mutation
C) Silent mutation
D) Frameshift mutation
E) None of these choices

Question 13

Which of the following enzymes is a component of the large ribosomal subunit and catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between an amino acid attached to a peptidyl-tRNA and an amino acid from an aminoacyl-tRNA?

A) Reverse transcriptase
B) DNA polymerase
C) Peptidyl transferase
D) DNA ligase
E) β-galactosidase

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) but not rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

A) Protein synthesis
B) Sending vesicles to the Golgi that contain proteins that are either secreted or become part of the plasma membrane
C) Steroid synthesis
D) Drug and alcohol detoxification
E) Steroid synthesis and drug and alcohol detoxification

Question 15

Which organelles form the site of ATP production by aerobic cellular respiration?

A) Lysosomes
B) Mitochondria
C) Ribosomes
D) Golgi
E) Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 16

Addition of a poly(A) tail to an mRNA molecule ________.

A) allows the mRNA to be recognized by ribosomes during translation
B) allows mRNA molecules to be more stable in the cytoplasm
C) results in removal of introns
D) only occurs in bacteria
E) is an important step in translation

Question 17

Which type of RNA molecules transport amino acids to the ribosome during translation?

A) rRNA
B) tRNA
C) siRNA
D) mRNA
E) miRNA

Question 18

Which type of RNA molecule contains the genetic code of a gene that is read by ribosomes during translation?

A) rRNA
B) tRNA
C) siRNA
D) mRNA
E) miRNA

Question 19

What enzyme separates strands of DNA during DNA replication to make DNA single-stranded so it can be copied?

A) DNA primase
B) DNA polymerase
C) DNA helicase
D) DNA ligase
E) Reverse transcriptase

Question 20

Which of the following is the most commonly used stop codon in most mRNA molecules?

A) UGA
B) AUG
C) AAA
D) GAA
E) CAG

Question 21

Another term for a triplet code is ________.

A) an enhancer
B) a promoter
C) tRNA
D) a factor
E) a codon

Question 22

What is the difference between acquired and inherited mutations?

Question 23

What is the role of the Golgi apparatus in cellular function?

A) Protein packaging
B) Replication of DNA
C) Protecting the integrity of the cell's shape
D) Filling the cell space with fluid
E) mRNA synthesis

Question 24

Briefly describe how the experiments performed by Frederick Griffith provided evidence of DNA as the genetic material.

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a function performed in the nucleus?

A) Storing genes on chromosomes
B) Producing regulatory factors
C) Packaging proteins and transport them around the cell
D) Producing mRNA
E) DNA replication

Question 26

Why is it beneficial for the genetic code to be redundant?

Question 27

Which is NOT true of prokaryotes?

A) They contain ribosomes.
B) Their cells contain a true nucleus.
C) Their genes contain exons.
D) They include bacteria.
E) They are single-celled organisms.

Question 28

Which part of a gene codes for the protein?

A) Promoter
B) Exon
C) Intron
D) Enhancer
E) Transcription factor

Question 29

Give three differences between DNA and RNA.

Question 30

Why is mRNA a good intermediate for translation?